Overcoming the Other America: José Martí's Immanent Critique of the Unionist Paradigm

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Joshua Simon
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
Independence Movements

Abstract This article offers a new interpretation of the Cuban intellectual José Martí's international political thought. It argues that Martí's analysis of early US imperialism and call for Spanish American unity are best understood as an immanent critique of the “unionist paradigm,” a tradition of international political thought that originated in the American independence movements. Martí recognized the impediments that racism had placed in the way of both US and Spanish American efforts to stabilize the hemisphere's republics by uniting them under regional institutions. He argued that, in his own time, Anglo-Saxon supremacism had deprived US-led Pan-Americanism of all legitimacy, causing a crisis of international political order in the Americas. In the context of this crisis, he developed a revised, antiracist unionism that, he argued, would free Spanish America's republics from imperial aggression and interstate conflicts, making the region a global model of stable and inclusive self-rule.

Bolivar and the Political Thought of the Spanish American Revolution.

1938 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
L. L. Bernard ◽  
Victor Andres Belaunde
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Spanish American

National regeneration and the education of the Latin American elites

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-115
Author(s):  
Michela Coletta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Character ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Cultural Connotations

Given the essentially cultural connotations of the notion of ‘Latin race’, education was widely perceived as a key tool for bringing about a process of national and regional regeneration. ‘The problem of the race’ was closely linked to ‘the problem of education’. What characterised the debate on education in all three countries was a deep concern with the need for a regeneration of the national character. This chapter explores the debates around Latin and Anglo-Saxon education models and the ways in which major contemporary theories of education were incorporated. Intellectual exchanges with the Spanish ‘regeneracionistas’ were key in the case of the pedagogical strand of Krausismo in the River Plate and especially in Uruguay. What approach to education best suited the Spanish American nations? Was ‘Latin’ education the best model to adopt? The ‘spatial’ direction of these exchanges is in itself revealing of the different national tendencies: while the Chileans ostensibly and increasingly looked towards the United States, the River Plate was largely part of a revival of Krausismo through direct contact with a new generation of Spanish krausistas. 

FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN IN VICTORIAN IMPERIAL THOUGHT

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUNCAN BELL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Prudential Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Of Greece

This article argues that during the closing decades of the nineteenth century a significant group of British imperial thinkers broke with the long-standing conventions of political thought by deliberately eschewing the inspiration and intellectual authority provided by the examples of the ancient empires. While the early Victorian colonial reformers had looked to the template of Greece, and while many later Victorians compared the empire in India with the Roman empire, numerous proponents of Greater Britain (focusing on the settler colonies, and associated in particular with the movement for imperial federation) looked instead to the United States. I argue that the reason for this innovation, risky in a culture obsessed with the moral and prudential value of precedent and tradition, lies in contemporary understandings of history. Both Rome and Greece, despite their differences, were thought to demonstrate that empires were ultimately self-dissolving; as such, empires modelled on their templates were doomed to eventual failure, whether through internal decay or the peaceful independence of the colonies. Since the advocates of Greater Britain were determined to construct an enduring political community, a global Anglo-Saxon polity, they needed to escape the fate of previous empires. They tried instead to insert Greater Britain into a progressive narrative, one that did not doom them to repeat the failures of the past.

At war with empire: the anti-colonial roots of American anarchist debates during the First World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyon Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independence Movements ◽  
First World ◽  
Rich History

America’s multi-ethnic anarchist movement had a rich history of supporting anti-imperial struggles and national revolutions. The three positions that anarchists took on the war—antimilitarist neutrality, qualified support for the Allies, or calculated endorsement of a German defeat of Russia—all had their roots in earlier discourses regarding anti-colonial and nationalist causes. They also engaged in a running dialogue with anarchists in Europe such as Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta. Drawing on American anarchist writings in English, Italian, Spanish, and Yiddish, this chapter outlines the earlier positions anarchists took regarding struggles such as Middle Eastern and South Asian independence movements, the Boer War, the Cuban War of Independence and Spanish-American War, and Zionism and Jewish territorialism. It then examines how the different anarchist factions drew on these previous discussions to make anti-imperialist arguments in support of their stances, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these arguments.

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