Control of Three Weed Species in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with an Electrical Discharge System

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson ◽  
F. N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

An electrical discharge system (EDS) was evaluated in field studies conducted in 1977 through 1979 in western Nebraska for its ability to control weed escapes in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′). Nine weeks after sugarbeets were planted, kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] had attained a height above sugarbeets sufficient for EDS treatment. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) generally attained sufficient height above sugarbeets 11 and 13 weeks after sugarbeet planting. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced 40, 20, and 10% from competition by kochia, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed, respectively. Treatment of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters with EDS in some cases resulted in a reduction in weed height. The EDS treatments reduced the stand of all weeds 32, 39, and 47% for 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively. Although the EDS treatments failed to kill many weeds, it did suppress the competitive ability of the three weeds to the extent that sugarbeet yields were higher in areas receiving EDS treatments than areas receiving no EDS treatment.

Weed Control in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) by Mixtures of Cycloate and Ethofumesate

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

Response of weeds and sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Mono Hy D2′) to preplanting treatments of mixtures of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) and ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] was evaluated in five field studies. A mixture containing 1.7 kg/ha of each herbicide reduced the stand of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) 90%, green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] 97 to 99%, kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] 64 to 77%, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) 82 to 99%. The response of weeds to preplanting applications of mixtures of cycloate and ethofumesate was independent of soil texture, whereas response of sugarbeets was dependent on soil texture. The herbicide mixtures significantly reduced the pre-thinning stand of sugarbeets and root and sucrose yields on two sandy loams, but not on a clay loam.

Control of Five Broadleaf Weeds in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Larry D. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
The Common ◽  
Vertical Roller

Field experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of applying glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] postemergence with a recirculating sprayer and a vertical roller for the control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Glyphosate was applied twice each year at 1.7 kg/ha with a recirculating sprayer in 1977 and 1978, or twice as a 20% (v/v) solution with a vertical-roller applicator in 1979. By harvest, 70 to 74% of the total population of treated common sunflower, kochia, and redroot pigweed, 61% of the common lambsquarters, and 30% of the velvetleaf was dead. Root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 3 yr, were increased 5800, 8500, 12 500, and 13400 kg/ha at densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds (equal densities of common lambsquarters, kochia, and redroot pigweed)/30m of row, respectively. Where equal densities of common sunflower and velvetleaf competed with sugarbeets, root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 2 yr, were increased 4400, 11900, 11700, and 10700 kg/ha, respectively, at these same densities.

The Basis for Selectivity of Root-Applied Ethofumesate in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Duncan ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Nutrient Culture

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) were studied as possible bases for selectivity of preemergence-applied ethofumesate. The sensitive redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters plants translocated more 14C-ethofumesate from nutrient culture to the leaf tissue than did the tolerant sugarbeet and common ragweed. The radioactivity was more highly concentrated in sugarbeet and common ragweed roots. The rapid metabolism of ethofumesate by sugarbeet and common ragweed, particularly that which accumulated in the leaf tissue, appeared related to tolerance.

Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

scholarly journals Early Season Broadleaf Weed Control in Onion

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 971D-972
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Carrie E. Schumacher ◽  
Collin P. Auwarter ◽  
Paul E. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Control

Field studies were conducted at Absaraka, Carrington, and Oakes, N.D., in 2005 to evaluate early season broadleaf weed control and onion (Allium cepa L.) injury with herbicides applied preemergence to the crop. DCPA is a common preemergence herbicide used in onion. However, DCPA can be uneconomical in most high-weed situations, or the usage may be restricted due to possible groundwater contamination. Potential substitutes evaluated were bromoxynil, dimethenamid-P, and pendimethalin. Main broadleaf weeds were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). In general, all herbicides, except bromoxynil, provided acceptable broadleaf weed control 4 weeks after treatment. The highest herbicide rate provided greater weed control compared with the lowest rate for each herbicide. However, onion height was also reduced with the highest herbicide rate. In addition, the two highest rates of dimethenamid-P reduced the onion stand compared with the untreated. A postemergence application of bromoxynil + oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin to onion at the four- to five-leaf stage controlled the few broadleaf weeds that escaped the preemergence treatments and provided residual control of mid- and late-season germinating broadleaf weeds at two of the three locations. Intense germination of redroot pigweed during July at the Oakes location reduced onion yield with all treatments compared with the hand-weeded check. In contrast, total onion yields with all herbicide treatments except the high rate of dimethenamid-P were similar to the hand-weeded check at Absaraka and Carrington.

Broadleaf Weed Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Interference within a mixture of equal densities of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) was determined in a 3-yr field study. Yield of sugarbeet roots and sucrose per hectare decreased as intensity of competition from equal populations of these three weeds increased. At densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds per 30 m of row, root yields were reduced 13, 24, 33, and 39%, respectively. Sucrose yields were reduced similarly. Fewer than three weeds per 30 m of row did not significantly reduce root yield. Reduction in root yield (Y) of sugarbeets caused by specific densities (X) of the three broadleaf weeds was predicted by using the linear equation Y = 1.64 + 1.88 X. The actual reductions in yield were always less than the predicted reductions when this equation was tested against 36 weed control systems because the competitive ability of broadleaf weeds that were treated with herbicides, but not killed, was suppressed during the growing season. By harvest, broadleaf weeds present in weed-control-system plots weighed an average of 75 to 85% less than broadleaf weeds present in nontreated plots.

Time of Emergence of Eight Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Ogg ◽  
Jean H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Emergence Patterns

Under irrigated field conditions at Prosser, WA, Russian thistle [Salsola kali(L.) var.tenuifoliaTausch. ♯3SASKR] began to emerge by mid-March each year and usually had completed its emergence by May 1. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. ♯ CHEAL) was the next to appear, usually during the third or fourth week of March. Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE), hairy nightshade (Solarium sarrachoidesSendt. ♯ SOLSA), black nightshade (5.nigrumL. ♯ SOLNI), eastern black nightshade (S. ptycanthumDun.), and cutleaf nightshade (S. triflorumNutt. ♯ SOLTR) generally began to emerge during the first 2 weeks of April and emergence generally peaked mid-April to mid-May. Russian thistle and cutleaf nightshade had the most restricted emergence patterns, whereas seedlings of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, hairy nightshade, and black nightshade emerged each month from April through September. Shallow tillage at monthly intervals increased the overall emergence of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, black nightshade, and eastern black nightshade; decreased the emergence of barnyardgrass; and had no effect on the emergence of Russian thistle, cutleaf nightshade, or hairy nightshade.

Bentazon Tank-Mixtures for Improved Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Control in Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Crop Maturity

Field studies were conducted from 1991 to 1994 to investigate the effectiveness of reduced rates of bentazon in tank-mixtures with imazethapyr, thifensulfuron, or HOE 075032 for improved control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in navy bean. Tank-mixtures of bentazon at 600 g ai/ha plus imazethapyr at 25 g/ha or HOE 075032 at 5 to 15 g/ha controlled both redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters. These rates represent an approximate 45% reduction in total amount of active ingredient needed to control these weeds compared with full label rates. Bentazon tank-mixtures with 2 or 4 g/ha of thifensulfuron controlled these weeds but caused severe injury and delayed crop maturity. In greenhouse studies, the GR25for HOE 075032 in navy bean was > 90 g/ha, while in soybean it was 16 to 24 g/ha.

Influence of Rainfall on the Phytotoxicity of Foliarly Applied 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Behrens ◽  
M. A. Elakkad
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Kaber

To study rainfall effects, simulated rainfall was applied to velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L. C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L. C. Wheeler], soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hodgson’], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) in greenhouse and field studies following foliar applications of the alkanolamine (AKA) salt or the butoxyethanol (BE) ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at rates that induced equivalent levels of phytotoxicity. Simulated rainfall less than 1 min after herbicide treatment reduced the phytotoxicity of the AKA salt of 2,4-D to a much greater extent than that of the BE ester with effects ranging from elimination of all injury from the AKA salt to soybeans to no reduction in phytotoxicity of the BE ester to common lambsquarters. The quantity of simulated rainfall required to induce maximum reductions in phytotoxicity of the BE ester ranged from 1 mm on common lambsquarters to 15 mm on velvetleaf. The time interval from 2,4-D treatment until rainfall required to achieve a phytotoxic response level of 80% of that attained without rainfall varied greatly among plant species and herbicide formulations; ranging from less than 1 min for the BE ester on common lambsquarters to more than 24 h for the AKA salt on velvetleaf. The addition of an alkylarylpolyoxyethylene glycol surfactant to 2,4-D spray solutions reduced herbicide rates required to induce equivalent levels of phytotoxicity, increased losses in phytotoxicity of the BE ester caused by rainfall, and reduced the time interval from treatment to rainfall required to attain an equivalent level of phytotoxicity with the AKA salt.

Utility of Maintained Weed Infestations Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Upchurch ◽  
F. L. Selman ◽  
H. L. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Relatively pure stands of eight weed species were maintained under field conditions on a Goldsboro loamy sand at Lewiston, North Carolina, for all or part of a 6-year period. Herbicides evaluated as preemergence surface treatments for these species were 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate (chloropropham), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea (diuron), 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben). S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) and a,a,a-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) were evaluated as preemergence incorporated treatments. The first four herbicides were evaluated in 1961, 1964, and 1966 while the last three were evaluated in 1962, 1963, and 1965. A series of rates was used for each chemical with three replications. With the exception of diuron which failed to control goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.), all of the herbicides provided at least a moderate degree of control of goosegrass, smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) at the respective typical field use rates. In general, trifluralin and amiben gave the best grass control and dinoseb the poorest. None of the herbicides effectively controlled common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) or ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.). Trifluralin and EPTC did not control Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). Chloropropham was ineffective on common ragweed. Simazine, chloropropham, and amiben controlled Pennsylvania smartweed while diuron, simazine, dinoseb, and amiben were especially effective on common lambsquarters. Distinctive patterns of nematode infestations were observed as a function of weed species.

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