MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE VARIETIES ON IRON STRESS IN NUTRIENT CULTURE MEDIA

Decreased rice productivity due to high iron concentrations especially in the vegetative phase, this causes the morphological character of rice to be affected until the metabolic process is disrupted. This study used 6 varieties, namely Batu Tegi, Inpara 9, Situ Patenggang, Inpara 8, Hawarabunar and Inpago 8, with iron concentrations of 0 and 250 ppm. The seeds were germinated for 3 days, then planted in Kimura B 10% nutrient culture media for 9 days, for 2 weeks then each week the media was changed to 100% Kimura B solution with the addition of 250 ppm iron concentration which was sampled every week until the 35th day. The results of the analysis of variance of the variables of plant height and root length showed that the combination Inpara 8-01 was the best combination and had a significant effect compared to other combinations with an average value of 61.31 cm and 30.77 cm. In the variable number of leaves the best average value was found in the combination of Batu Tegi-01 and Inpara 9-01 which had a significant effect compared to other treatments with an average value of 5.87 strands and 9.60 strands, respectively. On the stem dry weight variable, the combination of Hawarabunar-250 ppm Fe had a significant effect on other treatment combinations with the highest value of 0.17 g and the lowest value of treatment combination Inpara 9-250 ppm with a value of 0.08 g. Based on the results of treatment with 250 ppm Fe stress on plant morphological characters, the Hawarabunar variety had the best response in tolerating Fe stress, while the Batu Tegi variety was the lowest in tolerating Fe stress.

The expression of OsPLA2-III and OsPPO genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Fe toxicity stress

Lipids are an important biomolecule in plants because of their structural and functional roles in plant cells. Moreover, they could act as signal molecules in the defense system of plants suffering from biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, plants develop various tolerance strategies to cope with iron (Fe) toxicity, for example, by involving genes in the detoxification process and other mechanisms. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the expression of OsPLA2-III and OsPPO genes during Fe stress conditions. It was carried out using two-week-old seedlings of two rice varieties, namely, IR64 (Fe-sensitive variety) and Pokkali (Fe-tolerant variety). The seedlings were treated with 400 ppm FeSO4.7H2O in the nutrient culture solution and compared with control that received 1 ppm FeSO4.7H2O. Furthermore, leaf bronzing, chlorophyll content and relative expression of OsPLA2-III and OsPPO genes were observed. An in-silico study was also performed to predict the interaction between OsPLA2-III and OsPPO proteins. The results showed that the Fe toxicity induced leaf bronzing, decreased leaf chlorophyll content, and increased the expression levels of OsPLA2-III and OsPPO genes. Therefore, both genes were suggested to have a role in plant tolerance mechanism during Fe toxicity stress through the lipid signaling pathway.

The Effectiveness of Nutrient Culture Solutions with Agar Addition as An Evaluation Media of Rice Under Iron Toxicity Conditions

Background: Evaluation of the tolerance level of rice to iron (Fe) toxicity stress can be done using a hydroponic system in a nutrient culture solution under a controlled condition. This study aimed to obtain a nutrient culture solution that effective as a medium for evaluating the response of rice under Fe toxicity stress condition. Methods: This experiment was carried out by comparing the effectiveness of three kinds of nutrient culture media, namely Yoshida’s Half-Strength solution (HSY), Yoshida’s Half-Strength + 0.2% agar solution (HSYA), and Yoshida’s Full-Strength + 0.2% agar solution (FSYA) using two rice genotypes, Inpara 5 (sensitive to Fe toxicity) and Mahsuri (tolerant to Fe toxicity). Leaf bronzing level, plant dry weight, and pH of nutrient culture media were observed in this experiment. Results: The results showed that the stress response as represented by the bronzing score in Inpara 5 leaves was known to be higher than that of Mahsuri in the three nutrient culture media. The decrease of root and shoot dry weight in Inpara 5 was higher than that of Mahsuri. In addition, the decrease in the pH of nutrient culture solution media without an agar addition (HSY) occurred faster than the media with the agar addition (HSYA and FSYA). Conclusion: The HSYA and FSYA media exhibited a similar pattern of pH declining but causing significant differences in growth responses between Inpara 5 and Mashuri indicating the HSYA medium is considered more efficient compared to the FSYA medium because it only requires a smaller amount of agar.

MICROPROPAGATION OF MATURE TERMINALIA CATAPPA VARIETIES

Micropropogation is used to multiply plants such as those that been genetically conventional plant breeding with the multiplying progeny plants. Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. The success of Plant tissue culture in recent years approaches have been used as an efcient tool for micropropagation of trees in short time. [1][2]. Propagation of woody trees through tissue culture has many advantages over conventional propagation with different methods like fast growing, season independent of production of the plant, germ plasm conservation and facilitating their growth. This review provides an overview of the success achieved on in vivo work done for a number of important forest trees.Rapid culturing of producing clonal plants this review states that invitro work has been done for no of important forest trees [3]. Both the varieties were subjected, nodal explants were subjected with MS Media and Growth hormones with the dilution of kinetin with 1-1.5 mg/ml and with the mixture of both Kinetin, BAP with the dilution of 1-3 mg/ml with an increase of time for 3-5 weeks the growth was 3-6 cm length. The study of micropropagation in both the varieties, all the values of the work are Mean of at least 3 independent experiment. The MEAN±SEM and the extract number of experiments are given in legends. The Signicance of difference between control and each trial treatment was analysed using ANOVA showed statistical results as and ANOVA is p≤0.05*is signicant

Detecção de agentes microbianos das mãos de acadêmicos e docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior em Primavera de Leste – MT

The objective of the present study was to identify the microbiota present in the hands of academics and teachers of a Higher Education Institution in the municipality of Primavera do Leste - MT. Samples were collected from 24 volunteers using a swab. Of the samples collected, 19 (79.1%) showed bacterial growth in a nutrient culture medium, being isolated from this: Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%), S. lugdunensis (31.6%), S. epidermidis (15.8%), S. spp. (5.8%) and Escherichia coli (5.2%). The occurrence of bacteria found in the hands of the volunteers makes it possible to infer that the hands can act as a means of transmission and microbiological multiplication. To avoid this transmission, hygiene and antisepsis measures should be adopted regularly.

Tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties at seedling stage salinity stressed and their growth in lowland coastal area

Coastal area of Bengkulu Province is home of many heirloom rice varieties and play an important role in contributing rice production in the province. However, as the climate change proceeds, a progressive sea water inundation has increased soil salinity mainly in low-lying areas and jeopardizing the sustainability of rice production in coastal regions. The use of salt-tolerant varieties, therefore, would be a sensible solution to alleviate the adverse effect of soil salinity in respect of maintaining the crop production in the coastal areas. The objective of this study was to examine the salinity tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties collected from a coastal area of Bengkulu Province. Prior to the screening process, lethal concentration 90 (LC90) was determined by assaying the seedlings of ‘Kuning Tinggi’ in a series of nutrient solution containing a different concentration of NaCl (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 ppm). Using a regression analysis, LC90 was detected at a concentration of 3910 ppm. The screening was performed by exposing the varieties in the nutrient solution culture containing 4000 ppm NaCl and growing them on the tidal swamp. Under nutrient culture evaluation, the symptom of NaCl toxicity was scored and converted to salinity tolerance index. ‘Humbur’, ‘Kuning Tinggi’ and ‘Padang Bakung’ exhibited medium tolerant, while ‘Beram’, ‘Imperata’ and ‘Kuning’ exhibited very sensitive. Further evaluation of the tidal swamp for vegetative and generative performances signified that ‘Humbur’ and ‘Kuning Tinggi’ had medium tolerant to salinity stress

The tolerance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings to Al stress is enhanced by citric acid and natural peat water

Hidayah AN, Yahya S, Sopandie D. 2020. The tolerance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings to Al stress is enhanced by citric acid and natural peat water. Biodiversitas 21: 4850-4858. Management technology on soil containing high levels of Aluminum (Al) toxicity is still needed to be developed so that the growth and development of plants will be optimum. The aims of the research were to investigate the response of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) toward aluminum stress, and to evaluate the effects of several exogenous compounds to improve the tolerance of oil palm. The research was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019 at PT Gunung Sejahtera Ibu Pertiwi, Central Kalimantan. This research consisted of two nutrient culture experiments, namely: Al toxicity on oil palms seedlings and the role of various exogenous compounds to improve plant tolerances. The results revealed that the solution at concentrations of 400 μM, 800 μM, and 1600 μM of Al significantly inhibited root growth, increased MDA levels, decreased the photosynthesis rate, activity of CAT and APX. Therefore, a solution at concentration of 400 μM of Al can be used as the selection level of Al tolerant oil palm varieties on nutrient culture. Ethephon at concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm inhibited root and shoot growth, increased MDA levels but reduced the photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, APX, and CAT activity. Addition of 25 ppm and 50 ppm of citric acid, 200 ppm and 300 ppm of peat water significantly increased root length, root dry weight, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, CAT, and APX activities as MDA levels decreased. Addition of citric acid and peat water enabled seedlings of oil palm to improve their tolerance to Al stress on nutrient culture.

Effect of Ferrous Iron Stress to West Sumatera Paddy Rice (Oryza nivara) Growth on Nutrient Culture Media

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of West Sumatera brown rice growth on nutrient culture media. Study Design: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Seed Technology and Shade net house, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from May to July 2019. Methodology: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design was used in the research. The first factor was brown rice genotypes (Talang Babungo, Sigambiri, Pido Manggih, Labuh Baru, Balingka, Situjuah, Banuhampu, Pulen Talao, Ladang Talamao and Sikarujuik. The second factor was FeSo2 concentrations (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm). The data was analysed using F test 5% and continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) 5%. Results: The result showed that there was interaction between brown rice genotypes and Fe concentrations to plant height and root dry weight in early growth stage. According the stress sensitivity index, Sigambiri and Ladang Talamao were the tolerant genotypes to high Fe stress and Talang Babungo and Banuhampu were moderately tolerant genotype in high concentration of Fe stress. Conclusion: High Fe concentration affected the brown rice growth. This result can be a consideration to cultivate brown rice in high iron content land.