Comparative Effects of Diquat plus Copper Sulfate on Aquatic Organisms

Effects of herbicide combinations on aquatic invertebrates were evaluated in Inglis Reservoir, which is located in west coastal Florida. The addition of 6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2-a: 2′1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) plus the triethanolamine complex of copper sulfate (TAC) and diquat plus copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) for control of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Casp.) decreased the number of invertebrates inhabiting the treated areas. The diquat plus CSP combination exerted the greatest effect upon invertebrate numbers. Both herbicide combinations, however, did alter significantly the number of taxonomic groups in the areas. Invertebrate declines were due more generally to resultant habitat changes (i.e., loss of hydrilla) than to direct herbicide toxicity. The response of fish to the effects of the herbicide treatments on invertebrates could be ascribed to dietary changes, decreased growth rates, and possible mortality.

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Factors Affecting the Uptake of Endothall-14C by Hydrilla

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500027466 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 446-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

William T. Haller ◽

D. L. Sutton

Keyword(s):

Dicarboxylic Acid ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Uptake Curve ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

Apical Bud ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Low Concentrations

Placing hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillataRoyle) in 2.7 and 5.4 μM solutions of carbon-14-labeled endothali [7-ox = abicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid] under controlled conditions resulted in a sigmoid-shaped uptake curve for both herbicide concentrations. Apical sections of hydrilla, which included the apical bud, absorbed greater amounts of endothall-14C than sections excised from the center of the plant below the apical bud. Low concentrations of copper as copper sulfate pentahydrate solutions of 0.4 and 2.0 μM in combination with endothall-14C increased the amount of radioactivity found in hydrilla, but copper concentrations of 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μM inhibited endothall-14C uptake. The greatest uptake by hydrilla in 5.4 and 2.7 μM solutions of endothall-14C exposed to temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 C occurred in the 20 and 30 C solutions, respectively. Endothall-14C uptake was studied under light intensities of 0, 540, 5400, and 21,500 lux. Uptake of radioactivity from 2.7 and 5.4 μM solutions of endothall-14C was greatest at 540 and 21,500 lux, respectively.

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Effect of Copper on Uptake of Diquat-14C by Hydrilla

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500078802 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 581-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

David L. Sutton ◽

W. T. Haller ◽

K. K. Steward ◽

R. D. Blackburn

Keyword(s):

Copper Sulfate ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Organic Copper ◽

Effect Of Copper ◽

Complex Copper

A linear uptake of14C-labeled 6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-a:2′,1′-c)pyrazinediium ion (diquat-14C) at 1 ppmw by hydrilla(Hydrilla verticillataCasp.) occurred during a 10-day period under controlled conditions. Plant tissue contained higher amounts of radioactivity after treatment with combinations of 0.1 or 0.5 ppmw of diquat-14C plus 1 ppmw of copper than did tissue of plants in solutions of diquat-14C alone. Plants in a 1 ppmw of diquat-14C solution contained 2,123 cpm/mg after 8 days; however, 5,857 cpm/mg were measured in plant tissue taken after the same period from solutions containing diquat-14C plus 2 ppmw copper as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP). An increase in CSP from 3 to 10 ppmw did not significantly increase the uptake of diquat-14C over the 2 ppmw. Results with an organic copper complex (copper sulfate triethanolamine) in combination with diquat-14C were the same as those obtained with diquat-14C plus CSP.

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Effect of Diquat on Uptake of Copper in Aquatic Plants

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500034585 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 703-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

David L. Sutton ◽

L. W. Weldon ◽

R. D. Blackburn

Keyword(s):

Copper Sulfate ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Water Samples ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Contact Period ◽

Egeria Densa ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Najas Guadalupensis

Combinations of copper sulfate pentahydrate (hereinafter referred to as CSP) at 1.0 ppmw copper plus 0.1 to 2.0 ppmw 6,7-dihydrodipyrido-(1,2-a:2′,1′-c)pyrazinediium ion (diquat) resulted in higher accumulations of copper in hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Casp.), egeria (Egeria densa Planch.), and southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis Spreng. Magnus) when compared to plants which received only CSP. A contact period greater than 24 hr was necessary before the higher amounts of copper were detected in those plants treated with the combinations. Water samples from outdoor, plastic pools 7 days after treatment with CSP at 1.0 ppmw of copper plus 1.0 ppmw of diquat contained 25% less copper than pools treated with CSP. Samples of hydrilla and southern naiad removed 7 days after treatment of the pools with the combination contained 77 and 38% more copper, respectively, than samples from those pools treated with only CSP.

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Influence of Solvents on the Growth of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Single Crystals

Diyala Journal for Pure Science ◽

10.24237/djps.1303.291c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 81-94

Author(s):

Tariq A. AL- Dhahir ◽

◽

Nabeel A. Bakr ◽

Saja B. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Influence Of Solvents

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In Situ Ultrasonic Spectroscopy Study of the Nucleation and Growth of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Batch Crystallized from Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/ie0342560 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (16) ◽

pp. 4947-4956 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eric Lyall ◽

Patricia Mougin ◽

Derek Wilkinson ◽

Kevin J. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Spectroscopy Study ◽

Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate

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Thermal analysis and decomposition kinetics of the dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ◽

10.1007/s10973-018-7595-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 135 (5) ◽

pp. 2697-2703 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Long Cheng ◽

Wen Li ◽

Yifan Li ◽

Yue Yang ◽

Yanchun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Decomposition Kinetics ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Kinetics Of

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Application of Carnatrol™ and Timsen™ to Decontaminate Beef†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-59.12.1339 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 1339-1342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CATHERINE N. CUTTER ◽

WARREN J. DORSA ◽

GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA

Keyword(s):

Copper Sulfate ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Spray Application ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽

Lean Beef ◽

Bovine Feces ◽

Spray Applications

The spray application of two commercial decontaminating agents for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef was examined in two separate experiments. Individual pieces of prerigor lean beef tissue were inoculated with fresh bovine feces and subjected to a 15-s spray wash (75 lb/in2, 20°C) with water or various concentrations of Carnatrol™, composed of copper sulfate pentahydrate, or Timsen™, 40% N-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in 60% stabilized urea, and stored under refrigerated (5°C) conditions. When Carnatrol™ was applied to beef tissue at 20, 40, and 80 ppm, bacterial populations were not statistically different (P ≥ 0.05) than water-treated populations at days 0, 1, and 2. When Carnatrol™ was applied to tissues at 160 ppm, bacterial populations were statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) from water-treated tissue on all of the days examined; however, reductions were not greater than 0.58, 0.42, and 0.35 log CFU/cm2 at days 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Remaining bacterial populations resulting from spray applications of Timsen™ to tissues at 200, 400, and 800 ppm were not statistically different than remaining bacterial populations of water-treated tissues at days 0, 1, 2, or 3. Reductions in bacterial populations associated with Timsen™ were no greater than 0.40 log CFU/cm2 on any of the days examined. This study demonstrates that under conditions used in this study, spray washes with either of the two commercially available decontaminating agents were no more effective than water washes for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef tissue.

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