Organic copper, iron, manganese and zinc: digestibility, production parameters and egg quality of layers

ABSTRACT This study examined the replacement of the inorganic minerals (IM) Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn with their organic form (OM) in the diet of 67-week-old Dekalb White laying hens by comparing digestibility, production and egg quality. The experiment involved 240 birds, with 48 birds used per treatment and 12 per replicate. Isoenergetic and isonutrient diets were supplemented with 8mg Cu, 50mg Fe, 70mg Mn and 50mg Zn per kilogram of diet from an inorganic premix (IM100), from an organic premix (OM100), or the latter at the decreasing inclusion levels of 65% (OM65), 45% (OM45) and 35% (OM35). The following variables were evaluated: production, eggs per housed bird (EHB), viability, egg weight and mass, cracked and lost eggs, digestibility and egg physicochemical traits. Birds fed OM35 and OM45 showed lower production rates, and organic minerals provided the highest egg weights, regardless of their inclusion level. Accordingly, egg mass was similar between IM100, OM45 and OM35, and highest values were obtained with OM100 and OM65. Source or level had no influence on digestibility or egg quality. Supplementation with 2.8mg Cu, 17.5mg Fe, 24.5m g Mn and 17.5mg Zn per kilogram of diet (OM35) in the last third of the laying cycle provided relevant economic production indices (EHB, viability, egg weight or mass).

Comparative effect of organic and Inorganic Copper Supplemented Diets on Performance and Blood Characteristics of Growing Rabbits

The effects of organic and inorganic copper sources on the performance and blood characteristics of growing rabbits over a 10 week period were investigated. Six dietary treatments were formulated such that diets 1, 2 and 3 contained 10, 50, and 100ppm of organic copper (Copper proteinate (Cu Pro)) while diets 4, 5 and 6 contained 10, 50 and 100ppm of inorganic copper (copper sulphate (CuSO4). The final weight and daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbits fed organic Cu compared to those fed Cuso, Organic Cu diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood cholesterol than CuSO4 diets. Organic Cu is more effective in promoting growth and blood cholesterol reduction of growing rabbits than Cuso4, There was more accumulation of Cu in the liver and heart of rabbits fed Organic Cu than those fed CuSO4, The liver and heart Cu increased as the Cu level increased. More Cu was excreted in rabbits fed CuSO4, than those fed Organic Cu. This study showed that copper proteinate is more effective in promoting growth and reduction of cholesterol of rabbits. The study confirmed a relative increase in bioavailability of organic copper compared to inorganic sources.

Organic supplementation of Cu and Se in the diets of Normande dairy cows

Objective: to evaluate the effects of organic copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) on milk production, milk quality and reproductive parameters of Normande dairy cows. Materials and methods: 36 multiparous cows (BW = 600 ± 32 kg) were used, distributed in completely randomized blocks. Treatments were: T0: without mineral supplementation, T1: inorganic mineral supplementation with Cu and Se, T2: 50% Inorganic supplementation + 50% organic supplementation, with an experimental period of 150 days (30 days before calving and 120 days of lactation). The variables evaluated were milk production and quality (total solids, proteins, fat, somatic cells and MUN), blood metabolites (glucose, betahydroxybutyrate and BUN) and reproductive parameters (open days, days to first service and services per conception). Results: No differences were observed in milk production and quality (P> 0.05). However, open days and services per conception were shorter when cows were supplemented with organic minerals (P <0.05). Conclusions: In this study milk production, milk quality and blood metabolites were not affected by supplementation with Se and Cu. However, the reproductive parameters of the cows improved when supplemented with organic Se and Cu.

Hybrid Structure of Organic-Inorganic Photovoltaic Fast Carrier Transport

Hybrid organic Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) –inorganic Cadmium Sulfide (CdS), double layered structures were deposited on glass substrate at different thickness using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) with Q-Switching Nd: YAG laser with energy (240,500 mJ) at (25 Celsius) and within vacuum conditions of (10-3 torr). The photoluminescence (PL) is showing that the CdS quenches emissions from CuPc indicating the carrier transfer to the CdS. Also, the CuPc/CdS hybrid structures have the capability for various absorptions as can be seen in the ultraviolet-visible absorption researches and the charge carrier extractions from PL analysis have been adequate for the solar cell applications. FT-IR spectra have been specified for CdS and CuPc.

The Effect of Supplementation of Organic Copper to Commercial Quail Diets on Performance, Egg Quality and Haematological Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic copper supplementation (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) in the commercial diet on performance, egg quality and haematological parameters in laying quails. In this 10-week trial, a total of 80 laying quails, aged 22 weeks, were randomly distributed among four experimental groups. Each experimental group contained four replicates of five female birds each. The addition of organic copper to the diets did not statistically affect egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, damaged eggs, egg shape index, Haugh unit, and blood parameters except neutrophils and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. Compared to other groups, body weight change was decreased by the addition of 20 mg/kg organic copper, and feed intake was decreased by the addition of 10 mg/kg copper in the quails. The addition of 20 mg/kg of organic copper to the quail diets significantly decreased the eggshell breaking strength and eggshell weight, while it significantly increased the eggshell thickness compared with the control group. The neutrophil and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were increased by the addition of 10 and 20 mg/kg organic copper, respectively, with compare to other groups. It can be said that up to 10 mg / kg of organic copper can be added to commercial quail diets, but its addition at 20 mg/kg negatively effects on some blood parameters as neutrophil and mean corpuscular haemoglobin in quails.

Study of Desorption Products under Laser Irradiation of the Surface of Organic Films

The paper presents the results of mass spectrometric studies of laser-stimulated desorption from the surface of thin films based on organic copper phthalocyanine molecules with peripheral substituents on gallium arsenide substrates. Thin films (30-80 nm) of copper phthalocyanine with peripheral substituents in this regard are studied for the first time. The composition of particles desorbed from the surface of CuPc and CuPcF16 films by laser radiation of various wavelengths of 532 nm and 1.06 μm with a pulse duration of 10 ns was studied. The identification of the main fragments of molecules present in the desorption stream was carried out. It was shown that under the action of laser radiation, the surface is leveled and the films are fragmented, followed by desorption of molecular fragments.