Selective Control of Weeds in Proso Millet with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Grabouski
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Eight herbicide postemergence treatments were applied to proso millet (Panicum milaceumL.) at three growth stages. The dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.56 kg/ha had significantly higher grain yields than the weedy check. All herbicides except the amine of 2,4-D at 0.28 kg/ha appeared to injure proso millet plants by varying degrees; however, yields were not greatly affected. All herbicides gave excellent control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) when applied to proso millet in the 4 to 6-leaf stage. Weed control was poorer when spraying was delayed until proso millet was in pre-boot and post-flower stages.

Sensitivity of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Reduced Rates of 2,4-D and Dicamba

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] on fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern Valley’) were studied in order to assess the potential hazards of using these herbicides in areas adjoining fieldbean production. Dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to fieldbeans at three different rates (1.1, 11.2, and 112.5 g ai/ha) and four different growth stages (preemergence, second trifoliolate leaf, early bloom, and early pod). Application of 2,4-D preemergence or in the second trifoliolate leaf stage of growth did not reduce seed yield, delay maturity, or reduce germination of seed obtained from treated plants. Dicamba or 2,4-D applied at 112.5 g/ha to fieldbeans in the early bloom or early pod stages of growth consistently reduced seed yield, delayed maturity, and reduced germination percentage. Fieldbeans exhibited a greater overall sensitivity to dicamba than to 2,4-D.

Selective Weed Control in Seedling Cool-Season Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Canode ◽  
W. C. Robocker
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven herbicides were applied for selective weed control on three different seedling stands of five cool-season grasses. The herbicides were evaluated for their influence on weed control, grass establishment, and first crop grass seed production. These experiments indicate that 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) was outstanding in selective control of broadleaf weeds in seedling grass stands. Two other herbicides, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) were valuable under most conditions. The remaining herbicides—(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), and 1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (neburon)—were satisfactory for selective weed control under some conditions, but their effects were not uniform for the different species and plantings.

Response of Sugarbeets(Beta vulgaris)to Sublethal Rates of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Three Components ◽  
Effect On Growth

The herbicide 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was applied as sublethal rates to sugarbeets(Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) in the field at different growth stages to determine its effect on growth and yield. The greatest reduction in top growth occurred when the highest rate of 2,4-D, 0.07 kg/ha, was applied to the oldest plants (12-leaf stage). All rates of 2,4-D reduced the components of sucrose yield (percentage sucrose, percentage purity, and root weight) to the extent that, together, the three components contributed to a significant reduction in recoverable sucrose. The yields of recoverable sucrose were reduced 6.8, 7.8, and 13.2% by the 0.017, 0.035, and 0.07 kg/ha rates, respectively.

A Recirculating Spray System for Postemergence Weed Control in Row Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A recirculating sprayer was developed for applying herbicides in row crops to weeds taller than the crop. Herbicide solutions are applied through solid stream nozzles above and at right angles to the rows, so that a trap collects herbicide spray not deposited on weeds. Trapped solution is returned to the original spray tank by gravity flow. Good to excellent control of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), cocklebur (Xanthium spp.), and sesbania (Sesbania spp.) was obtained with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) while monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) effectively controlled johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.). The better treatments increased the harvested yields of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr., var. Lee) 6 to 8 bu/A when weed infestations were severe at time of treatment. Use of the sprayer permits treatment with herbicides normally considered too toxic to crops, and reduces costs through recovery of most of the herbicide solution that is not intercepted by weeds.

scholarly journals Integrating Economics in the Critical Period for Weed Control Concept in Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Keller ◽  
Geoffroy Gantoli ◽  
Jens Möhring ◽  
Christoph Gutjahr ◽  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Crop Growth Stages

The effect of weed interference on corn yield and the critical period for weed control (CPWC) were determined in Germany and Benin. Treatments with weed control starting at different crop growth stages and continuously kept weed-free until harvest represented the “weed-infested interval.” Treatments that were kept weed-free from sowing until different crop growth stages represented the “weed-free interval.” Michaelis–Menten, Gompertz, logistic and log–logistic models were employed to model the weed interference on yield. Cross-validation revealed that the log–logistic model fitted the weed-infested interval data equally well as the logistic and slightly better than the Gompertz model fitted the weed-free interval. For Benin, economic calculations considered yield revenue and cost increase due to mechanical weeding operations. Weeding once at the ten-leaf stage of corn resulted already profitable in three out of four cases. One additional weeding operation may optimize and assure profit. Economic calculations for Germany determined a CPWC starting earlier than the four-leaf stage, challenging the decade-long propagated CPWC for corn. Differences between Germany and Benin are probably due to the higher yields and high costs in Germany. This study provides a straightforward method to implement economic data in the determination of the CPWC for chemical and nonchemical weed control strategies.

Efficacy Comparison of Some New Natural-Product Herbicides for Weed Control at Two Growth Stages

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein F. H. Abouziena ◽  
Ahmad A. M. Omar ◽  
Shiv D. Sharma ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Wild Mustard

There is an urgent need to accelerate the development and implementation of effective organic-compliant herbicides that are environmentally safe and that help the producer meet increasing consumer demand for organic products. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acetic acid (5%), acetic acid (30%), citric acid (10%), citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%), citric acid (10%) + garlic (0.2%), clove oil (45.6%), and corn gluten meal (CGM) compounds as natural-product herbicides for weed control. The herbicides were applied to the broadleaf weeds stranglervine, wild mustard, black nightshade, sicklepod, velvetleaf, and redroot pigweed and to narrowleaf weeds crowfootgrass, Johnsongrass, annual ryegrass, goosegrass, green foxtail, and yellow nutsedge. The herbicides were applied POST at two weed growth stages, namely, two to four and four to six true-leaf stages. CGM was applied PPI in two soil types. Citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%) had the greatest control (98%) of younger broadleaf weeds, followed by acetic acid (30%) > CGM > citric acid (10%) > acetic acid (5%) > citric acid (10%) + garlic (0.2%), and clove oil. Wild mustard was most sensitive to these herbicides, whereas redroot pigweed was the least sensitive. Herbicides did not control narrowleaf weeds except for acetic acid (30%) when applied early POST (EPOST) and CGM. Acetic acid (30%) was phytotoxic to all broadleaf weeds and most narrowleaf weeds when applied EPOST. Delayed application until the four- to six-leaf stage significantly reduced efficacy; acetic acid was less sensitive to growth stage than other herbicides. These results will help to determine effective natural herbicides for controlling weeds in organic farming.

Effects of Herbicides on Weeds and Sweetcorn (Zea mays) Grown on Coarse-Textured Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ogg ◽  
S. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) at 4.5 + 0.4 and 9.0 + 0.8 kg/ha, vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 at 4.5 + 0.4 and 9.0 + 0.8 kg/ha, metolachlor [2-chloro N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 1.7 and 3.4 kg/ha, and metolachlor + procyazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(cyclopropylamino)1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 1.3 + 1.3 kg/ha were preplant incorporated. These herbicides controlled 95% or more of the barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Powell amaranth (A. powellii S. Wats.), and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] without injuring sweetcorn (Zea mays L. ‘Golden Jubilee’) or reducing corn yields or quality. Similar results were obtained with preplant incorporated applications of butylate (S-ethyldiisobutylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 at 4.5 + 0.2 kg/ha followed by a postemergence application of the amine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.6 kg/ha. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] at 0.3 and 0.6 kg/ha and metribuzin + alachlor at 0.6 + 2.2 kg/ha applied preplant and incorporated reduced corn stands, primary ear production, and corn yields significantly. None of the herbicides significantly affected total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble solids, moisture content, or succulence of the corn.

Interactions between Herbicidal Carbamates and Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. James ◽  
G. N. Prendeville ◽  
G. F. Warren ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Differential Movement ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Interactions between carbamate and growth regulator herbicides were antagonistic both in whole plants and in plant segments. When combinations of isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) were applied to the foliage of either redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) or pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathifoliumL.), the severe twisting effects of 2,4-D were greatly reduced. This interaction did not involve differential movement or metabolism of either herbicide. The induced elongation of soybean hypocotyl sections by the three growth regulators 2,4-D, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was inhibited in the presence of either chlorpropham orS-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC). Similarly, curvature tests using soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) hypocotyl sections showed the curvature induced by the growth regulators to be almost completely eliminated by the presence of the carbamates.

Herbicides in Irrigation Water Following Canal-Bank Treatment for Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Frank ◽  
R. J. Demint ◽  
R. D. Comes
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Concentrations of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) were determined in irrigation water following bank applications for weed control. Maximum concentrations of dalapon in the water varied from 23 to 365 ppb from application rates of 6.7 to 20 lb/A. The highest levels of TCA ranged from 31 to 128 ppb following applications of 3.8 to 5.9 lb/A. Applications of 1.9 to 3 lb/A of 2,4-D produced maximum concentrations of 25 to 61 ppb. Reduction of herbicide levels appeared to be due to dilution as the water flowed downstream. Rates of reduction in herbicide levels showed that negligible concentrations would remain after the water traveled a distance of 20 to 25 miles. The low concentrations of herbicides observed in the irrigation water likely would not be hazardous to crops or animals.

Improving Weed Control with 2,4-DB Amine in Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Cudney ◽  
Steve B. Orloff ◽  
Carol J. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
High Desert

2,4-DB ester had been widely used for winter annual broadleaf weed control in seedling alfalfa in the western United States, but was replaced commercially by the amine formulation in 1990. Field studies conducted in the high desert region of southern California confirmed previous reports that 2,4-DB amine is not as effective as the ester formulation. Two methods were found to improve the weed control performance of 2,4-DB amine: 1) application at earlier alfalfa growth stages and 2) the addition of adjuvant. Applications made at the three-trifoliate leaf stage of the alfalfa were more than three times as effective as applications made at the eight-trifoliate leaf stage. When adjuvants were added to the amine formulation, weed control was improved 50 to 97%.

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