Sensitivity of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Reduced Rates of 2,4-D and Dicamba

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] on fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern Valley’) were studied in order to assess the potential hazards of using these herbicides in areas adjoining fieldbean production. Dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to fieldbeans at three different rates (1.1, 11.2, and 112.5 g ai/ha) and four different growth stages (preemergence, second trifoliolate leaf, early bloom, and early pod). Application of 2,4-D preemergence or in the second trifoliolate leaf stage of growth did not reduce seed yield, delay maturity, or reduce germination of seed obtained from treated plants. Dicamba or 2,4-D applied at 112.5 g/ha to fieldbeans in the early bloom or early pod stages of growth consistently reduced seed yield, delayed maturity, and reduced germination percentage. Fieldbeans exhibited a greater overall sensitivity to dicamba than to 2,4-D.

Response of Sugarbeets(Beta vulgaris)to Sublethal Rates of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Three Components ◽  
Effect On Growth

The herbicide 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was applied as sublethal rates to sugarbeets(Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) in the field at different growth stages to determine its effect on growth and yield. The greatest reduction in top growth occurred when the highest rate of 2,4-D, 0.07 kg/ha, was applied to the oldest plants (12-leaf stage). All rates of 2,4-D reduced the components of sucrose yield (percentage sucrose, percentage purity, and root weight) to the extent that, together, the three components contributed to a significant reduction in recoverable sucrose. The yields of recoverable sucrose were reduced 6.8, 7.8, and 13.2% by the 0.017, 0.035, and 0.07 kg/ha rates, respectively.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Response to Herbicides Applied at Three Growth Stages

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane A. Martin ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Harold P. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The response of irrigated spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Steptoe’) to broadleaf herbicides applied at three growth stages was studied at Torrington, WY, in 1984 and 1985. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), dicamba plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and dicamba plus MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] visibly injured barley when applied at all growth stages. These same treatments reduced barley height when applied at the 2- to 4-leaf and fully tillered stages. Yield differences among treatments were not significant. However, kernels/spike and kernel weight were reduced by dicamba or dicamba plus MCPA when applied at the fully tillered or boot stages, and test weight was reduced when dicamba was applied at all growth stages. Seed protein content did not differ in 1984. However, several herbicide treatments increased seed protein in 1985, especially when applied at the boot stage. Proline or lysine content did not differ among treatments.

Selective Control of Weeds in Proso Millet with Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Grabouski
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Eight herbicide postemergence treatments were applied to proso millet (Panicum milaceumL.) at three growth stages. The dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.56 kg/ha had significantly higher grain yields than the weedy check. All herbicides except the amine of 2,4-D at 0.28 kg/ha appeared to injure proso millet plants by varying degrees; however, yields were not greatly affected. All herbicides gave excellent control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) when applied to proso millet in the 4 to 6-leaf stage. Weed control was poorer when spraying was delayed until proso millet was in pre-boot and post-flower stages.

scholarly journals Quantitative Response of Maize Vcmax25 to Persistent Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Xingyang Song ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
Huailin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Persistent Drought ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Drought stress has adverse effects on crop growth and yield, and its identification and monitoring play vital roles in precision crop water management. Accurately evaluating the effect of drought stress on crop photosynthetic capacity can provide a basis for decisions related to crop drought stress identification and monitoring as well as drought stress resistance and avoidance. In this study, the effects of different degrees of persistent drought in different growth stages (3rd leaf stage, 7th leaf stage and jointing stage) on the maximum carboxylation rate at a reference temperature of 25 °C (Vcmax25) of the first fully expanded leaf and its relationship to the leaf water content (LWC) were studied in a field experiment from 2013 to 2015. The results indicated that the LWC decreased continuously as drought stress continued and that the LWC decreased faster in the treatment with more irrigation. Vcmax25 showed a decreasing trend as the drought progressed but had no clear relationship to the growth stage in which the persistent drought occurred. Vcmax25 showed a significantly parabolic relationship (R2 = 0.701, p < 0.001) with the LWC, but the different degrees of persistent drought stress occurring in different growth stages had no distinct effect on the LWC values when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value or zero. The findings of this study also suggested that the LWC was 82.5 ± 0.5% when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value (42.6 ± 3.6 μmol m−2 s−1) and 67.6 ± 1.2% (extreme drought) when Vcmax25 reached zero. These findings will help to improve crop drought management and will be an important reference for crop drought identification, classification and monitoring as well as for the development of drought monitoring and early warning systems for other crops or maize varieties.

Movement of Several Herbicides Through Excised Plant Tissue

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Taylor ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Orientation ◽  
Chemical Retention ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Uptake and movement of various herbicides and auxins by bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) petiole sections were studied. Isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) was the most mobile of the compunds studied, followed in order of decreasing mobility by: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole), (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben). Amiben immobilization may have been due to glucoside formation in the tissues. IAA was rapidly transported through basipetally but not acropetally oriented tissue. Tissue orientation had little effect on the movement of the other compounds. Mobility of the compounds studied, in general, appears to be a function of the amount of uncomplexed parent chemical. Retention is likely the result of conjugation with products in the cells or of physical binding in the cells.

An Oil Carrier for Increasing Purple Nutsedge Control

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) control with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) was increased in greenhouse and growth chamber studies by application of these herbicides in an undiluted isoparaffinic oil carrier rather than water. Two applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg/ha in the oil carrier inhibited tuber and shoot production and reduced the number of viable tubers present, but two applications of linuron at 0.6 or 2.2 kg/ha in the oil inhibited only shoot production from repotted tubers. Studies with labeled 2,4-D showed an increase in both rate and quantity of penetration of this herbicide into purple nutsedge when applied in oil rather than water. Labeled linuron was applied to purple nutsedge and to beans(Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Improved Tendergreen’) and also showed an increase in penetration with the oil rather than water. Translocation out of treated leaves was not increased for either 2,4-D or linuron by application in the oil carrier.

Total Alkaloid, Crude Protein, and Fiber Concentrations in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Total alkaloid concentration, percentage water, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber in velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. # LUPLE) were monitored for 3 weeks following application of herbicides registered or soon to be registered for rangeland use. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) caused some signs of epinasty but did not kill velvet lupine. Total alkaloid concentration and nutrient quality of velvet lupine leaves treated with these herbicides was not significantly different from untreated plants. Esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} killed most velvet lupine plants and caused a subsequent decrease in total alkaloid concentration, crude protein, and water content as the plants desiccated. Herbicides that effectively killed velvet lupine decreased alkaloid levels, thus lowering the potential for increased livestock poisoning.

scholarly journals TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL REDUCES PLANT HEIGHT AND SEED YIELD IN FORAGE SORGHUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS PAULO MINGOTE JULIO ◽  
PAULO CESAR MAGALHÃES ◽  
ATHOS RODRIGUES SOARES VIANA ◽  
BRUNO HENRIQUE MINGOTE JULIO ◽  
CRISLENE VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Two Stages

Forage sorghum presents tall plants, what makes mechanicalseed harvesting a difficult task. Plant hormones can reduce plant height andfacilitate the harvesting. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluatethe effect of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height and seedyield in forage sorghum. This research was carried out at Embrapa Maizeand Sorghum, in two seasons (2017 and 2018), in a randomized completeblock design, four replications and three varieties (BRS Ponta Negra, 1141574and 0947216) under application of Trinexapac-ethyl in two stages of the plantgrowth (V8, V12, V8 + V12). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height,seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds. The effect of the hormone was significantin both stages of growth, with a significant reduction in plant height. Thehormone applied twice at growth stages V8 + V12 had a greater effect inreducing plant height. However, the hormone reduced seed yield in the threevarieties, what implies the need for further studies comparing the advantageof plant height reduction and the loss in seed yield.

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