Tolerance of Soybeans(Glycine max)and Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)to Fluometuron Residue

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Jackson ◽  
L. S. Jeffery ◽  
T. C. McCutchen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Area Basis

Field experiments were conducted for a 3-yr period to determine the feasibility of planting an alternate crop on fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] treated cotton land in event that an adequate cotton(Gossypium hirustumL.) stand fails to materialize. Fluometuron treatments were 1.7 kg/ha on a treated area basis as a banded application, and 1.7 and 3.4 kg/ha as a broadcast application. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘AKS-614’, ‘Excel’ and ‘BR 64’] and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Dare’ and ‘Lee 68’] were planted 3, 6, and 9 weeks after fluometuron application. Grain sorghum and soybean tolerance to fluometuron residues varied between locations. Very little injury occurred on the Sequatchie loam in Knoxville, Tennessee, but considerable injury occurred on the Memphis silt loam at Milan, Tennessee. The differences were attributed to higher rainfall during the first 3-week period and to higher organic matter and higher sand content at Knoxville. Nevertheless, at Milan, grain sorghum was successfully grown 3 weeks after the 1.7 kg/ha banded application, 6 weeks after the 1.7 kg/ha broadcast application and 9 weeks after the 3.4 kg/ha application. Soybeans, also at Milan, were partially injured when planted between the fluometuron (1.7 kg/ha) treated bands 6 weeks after application and 9 weeks after application when planted on the 1.7 kg/ha broadcast-treated areas.

Carryover of DPX-PE350 to Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Soybean (Glycine max) on Two Arkansas Soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
David H. Johnson ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Incubation Study

Field experiments were conducted to determine carryover potential to grain sorghum and soybean of DPX-PE350 applied POST at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 kg ai ha−1to cotton the previous year. DPX-PE350 did not injure soybean or affect yield adversely. Grain sorghum was injured and maturity delayed on a Sharkey silty clay but not on a Calloway silt loam. Grain sorghum yield was reduced on both soils 16 and 22%, respectively, by residues from the 0.1 and 0.2 kg ha−1rates of DPX-PE350. In an incubation study, dissipation of DPX-PE350 was greater at 35 C than at 5 C., and did not differ between the two soils.

Soybean(Glycine max)and Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)Tolerance to Residues of Tetrafluron and Fluometuron

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
D. L. Reasons ◽  
L. S. Jeffery ◽  
T. C. McCutchen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Significant Yield

Fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and tetrafluron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] urea} are two urea-type herbicides for weed control in cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.). In some years, because of cotton stand failure, an alternate crop must be established. Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] are possible alternate crops if they can withstand the residues left from herbicides used for weed control in cotton. Soybeans and grain sorghum were planted 3, 6 and 9 weeks after fluometuron and tetrafluron applications to soil at Knoxville and Milan, Tennessee, in 1975 and 1976. Tetrafluron residues were more toxic to grain sorghum and soybeans than were fluometuron residues. Grain sorghum was less susceptible than soybeans to both herbicides. Grain sorghum was planted 3 weeks after fluometuron (1.7 kg/ha) and tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha) applications without severe yield reduction. Soybeans were planted in non-treated soil between banded tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha on a treated area basis), 3 weeks after herbicide application, without significant yield reduction; but when a seedbed was prepared, a 9-week waiting period was required. When soybeans were planted into soil receiving a broadcast application of tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha), a 9-week waiting period was not sufficient to reduce the residues to a non-toxic level. Soybeans planted 6 and 9 weeks following a broadcast application of fluometuron may or may not sustain yield reduction depending on rainfall frequency and intensity and soil type.

Differential Activity of Three Diphenyl Ether Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omosuyi Fadayomi ◽  
G.F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Methyl Benzene

The tolerance of four legume species to nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-phenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), fluorodifen (p-nitrophenylα,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether), and oxyfluorofen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitro-phenoxy)-4-(trifluoro-methyl)benzene] was investigated both pre- and postemergence in the greenhouse. Seedlings of species that emerged most rapidly seemed to be most tolerant to preemergence herbicide applications. There was no direct relationship between preemergence and postemergence tolerance. Oxyfluorfen was found to be at least 10 times as active as the other two herbicides both pre- and postemergence. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Indiana to test the effect of method of application on the activity and selectivity of fluorodifen and oxyfluorfen on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Wayne’] and greenbean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Spartan Arrow’). Crop injury and grass weed control were reduced by incorporation of the herbicides 8 cm deep in a silt loam. Method of application did not affect the activity of the herbicides on a sandy soil low in organic matter. Soybean was more tolerant than greenbean to both herbicides when applied preemergence but oxyfluorfen was far more active than fluorodifen on both crops.

Roller Applicator for Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Control in Row Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Schneider ◽  
Curt B. Koehler ◽  
James S. Schepers ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Crop Injury

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with a roller applicator at Lincoln, Nebraska, during 1979 and 1980. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and carpet saturations of 50 and 75% controlled shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] when applied to the top 30 cm of the plant in greenhouse research. In the field, glyphosate concentrations of 5 to 20% with a carpet saturation of 50% controlled shattercane acceptably in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], but a concentration of 2.5% with 25% carpet saturation did not. Weed control was comparable whether speed of application was 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6 km/h. Shattercane control in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] was excellent at glyphosate concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and at carpet saturations of 50 and 75%, and sorghum injury was minimal at 25 and 50% carpet saturations. The roller applicator was compared to a ropewick applicator for shattercane control in sorghum. Excellent weed control (90% or greater) with minimal crop injury was obtained with the roller applicator at glyphosate concentrations of 10 and 20% at application speeds of 3.2 and 6.4 km/h and with the ropewick applicator with glyphosate concentrations of 35 and 50% applied at 3.2, 6.4, and 9.6 km/h.

Assessment of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl Potential to Carryover to Subsequent Crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Multiple Field

AbstractFlorpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide that will provide a novel site of action in rice production. In many areas of the United States it is common practice to plant soybeans in rotation with rice, thereby introducing the potential for herbicide carryover. Multiple field experiments were conducted in 2014 and repeated in 2015 to evaluate potential plant-back restrictions for soybean and other row crops following an application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. In the first experiment, treatments comprised florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at 40 followed by 40 g ai ha–1, 80 fb 80 g ai ha–1, and a nontreated check. In 2014, herbicides were applied to a silt loam soil near Stuttgart and Colt, AR, and fields remained fallow following application. The following year, corn, cotton, soybean, grain sorghum, and sunflower were planted within the previously treated area. Stand counts, crop heights, and visual injury assessments were done for each crop following planting, and aboveground biomass data were collected 28 d after planting. No significant differences were observed among the treatments for any of the parameters assessed, highlighting the rotational flexibility of common row crops 1 yr following a florpyrauxifen-benzyl application. In the second experiment, florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 30 and 60 g ai ha–1 at 56, 28, 14, and 0 d before planting soybean. Injury assessments corresponded to the highest concentration of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and its metabolites recovered from soil at the time of planting. Conversely, soybean injury was reduced when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at increasing intervals before planting. At the end of each season, soybean yield was similar to the nontreated control when florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 or 60 g ai ha–1 was applied 56 d before planting, whereas all other treatments reduced yield. These results support a relatively short replant interval for soybean after florpyrauxifen-benzyl application to rice.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

Response of Rotational Crops to Soil Residues of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
W. Eugene Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum

The response of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Sokota TS 46’), flax (Linum usitatissimumL. ‘Culbert 79’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Merr. ‘Sokota 466’), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], and sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Sokata 4000’) to soil residues 12 and 24 months after application of 17, 34, and 68 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was determined at two locations, Redfield and Watertown, in eastern South Dakota. All crops at Redfield were injured significantly at 17 g/ha, 12 months after application as determined by plant dry weight and visual evaluations. Corn and sorghum were the most susceptible while flax was the least susceptible. Injury at Watertown was significantly less than at Redfield. Differences in carryover were related to a lower soil pH at Watertown.

Interaction of Metribuzin and Trifluralin with Soil Type on Soybean(Glycine max)Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Moomaw ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield

Field experiments were conducted on a Moody silty clay loam (pH 6.5) and a Crofton silt loam (pH 7.9) to evaluate the influence of soil texture and pH on metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] toxicity to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’] as influenced by trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine]. One Crofton silt loam site contained atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] residue. Soybean growth and yield was not significantly affected by metribuzin and trifluralin applications on the Moody silty clay loam. On the Crofton silt loam without atrazine residue, substantial early season soybean injury from metribuzin did not result in significantly reduced soybean yield. Atrazine residue from previous row banding on corn(Zea maysL.) on the Crofton silt loam reduced soybean tolerance to metribuzin but normal use rates of 0.4 kg/ha metribuzin did not significantly reduce soybean yield. Trifluralin reduced early season soybean injury from metribuzin but this effect was not reflected in soybean yield. Metribuzin injury to soybeans was greater in years when more rainfall and cooler temperatures occurred following herbicide application. Metribuzin applied either preplant incorporated with or as an overlay on trifluralin resulted in equal soybean injury and yield.

Influence of Acetamide Herbicide Applications on Efficacy of the Protectant CGA-43089 in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Simkins ◽  
L. J. Moshier ◽  
O. G. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

The influence of acetamide herbicide applications on efficacy of CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile] in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] was studied under field conditions. Acetamide herbicides applied preplant and incorporated on a Haynie very fine sandy loam caused more grain sorghum injury in 1979 than in 1978. Reductions in plant population, plant height and yield, along with delay in maturity, were severe for acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-O-acetotoluidide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide]; moderate for diethatyl [N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine], xylachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)acetamide], and butam [2,2-dimethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)propanamide]; and did not occur for propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) treatments. Acetamide herbicides caused less grain sorghum injury on a Reading silt loam than on a Haynie very fine sandy loam in 1979. CGA-43089 applied as a seed treatment protected grain sorghum grown on soils treated with metolachlor, alachlor, diethatyl, or xylachlor. Metolachlor-triazine combinations at five locations in Kansas reduced yields at two locations. CGA-43089 provided protection from metolachlor injury at those two locations.

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