Carryover of DPX-PE350 to Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Soybean (Glycine max) on Two Arkansas Soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
David H. Johnson ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Incubation Study

Field experiments were conducted to determine carryover potential to grain sorghum and soybean of DPX-PE350 applied POST at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 kg ai ha−1to cotton the previous year. DPX-PE350 did not injure soybean or affect yield adversely. Grain sorghum was injured and maturity delayed on a Sharkey silty clay but not on a Calloway silt loam. Grain sorghum yield was reduced on both soils 16 and 22%, respectively, by residues from the 0.1 and 0.2 kg ha−1rates of DPX-PE350. In an incubation study, dissipation of DPX-PE350 was greater at 35 C than at 5 C., and did not differ between the two soils.

Tolerance of Soybeans(Glycine max)and Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)to Fluometuron Residue

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Jackson ◽  
L. S. Jeffery ◽  
T. C. McCutchen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Area Basis

Field experiments were conducted for a 3-yr period to determine the feasibility of planting an alternate crop on fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] treated cotton land in event that an adequate cotton(Gossypium hirustumL.) stand fails to materialize. Fluometuron treatments were 1.7 kg/ha on a treated area basis as a banded application, and 1.7 and 3.4 kg/ha as a broadcast application. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘AKS-614’, ‘Excel’ and ‘BR 64’] and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Dare’ and ‘Lee 68’] were planted 3, 6, and 9 weeks after fluometuron application. Grain sorghum and soybean tolerance to fluometuron residues varied between locations. Very little injury occurred on the Sequatchie loam in Knoxville, Tennessee, but considerable injury occurred on the Memphis silt loam at Milan, Tennessee. The differences were attributed to higher rainfall during the first 3-week period and to higher organic matter and higher sand content at Knoxville. Nevertheless, at Milan, grain sorghum was successfully grown 3 weeks after the 1.7 kg/ha banded application, 6 weeks after the 1.7 kg/ha broadcast application and 9 weeks after the 3.4 kg/ha application. Soybeans, also at Milan, were partially injured when planted between the fluometuron (1.7 kg/ha) treated bands 6 weeks after application and 9 weeks after application when planted on the 1.7 kg/ha broadcast-treated areas.

Interaction of Metribuzin and Trifluralin with Soil Type on Soybean(Glycine max)Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Moomaw ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield

Field experiments were conducted on a Moody silty clay loam (pH 6.5) and a Crofton silt loam (pH 7.9) to evaluate the influence of soil texture and pH on metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] toxicity to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’] as influenced by trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine]. One Crofton silt loam site contained atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] residue. Soybean growth and yield was not significantly affected by metribuzin and trifluralin applications on the Moody silty clay loam. On the Crofton silt loam without atrazine residue, substantial early season soybean injury from metribuzin did not result in significantly reduced soybean yield. Atrazine residue from previous row banding on corn(Zea maysL.) on the Crofton silt loam reduced soybean tolerance to metribuzin but normal use rates of 0.4 kg/ha metribuzin did not significantly reduce soybean yield. Trifluralin reduced early season soybean injury from metribuzin but this effect was not reflected in soybean yield. Metribuzin injury to soybeans was greater in years when more rainfall and cooler temperatures occurred following herbicide application. Metribuzin applied either preplant incorporated with or as an overlay on trifluralin resulted in equal soybean injury and yield.

Roller Applicator for Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Control in Row Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Schneider ◽  
Curt B. Koehler ◽  
James S. Schepers ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Crop Injury

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with a roller applicator at Lincoln, Nebraska, during 1979 and 1980. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and carpet saturations of 50 and 75% controlled shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] when applied to the top 30 cm of the plant in greenhouse research. In the field, glyphosate concentrations of 5 to 20% with a carpet saturation of 50% controlled shattercane acceptably in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], but a concentration of 2.5% with 25% carpet saturation did not. Weed control was comparable whether speed of application was 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6 km/h. Shattercane control in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] was excellent at glyphosate concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and at carpet saturations of 50 and 75%, and sorghum injury was minimal at 25 and 50% carpet saturations. The roller applicator was compared to a ropewick applicator for shattercane control in sorghum. Excellent weed control (90% or greater) with minimal crop injury was obtained with the roller applicator at glyphosate concentrations of 10 and 20% at application speeds of 3.2 and 6.4 km/h and with the ropewick applicator with glyphosate concentrations of 35 and 50% applied at 3.2, 6.4, and 9.6 km/h.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Protecting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Fluometuron Injury with Seed Protectants

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R. Corbin ◽  
Robert E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the potential of growth regulators mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride as seed treatments to protect cotton from fluometuron injury. Fluometuron at two and three times the recommended use rate reduced cotton stand and height on Taloka and Convent silt loam soils both years. Cotton grown on a Sharkey silty clay soil was not injured by fluometuron. Mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride increased cotton stands on a Taloka silt loam soil when averaged over rates and years. In general, fluometuron injury to cotton was not reduced by treating seed with 1000 ppmw concentrations of chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride. Chlormequat chloride reduced chlorosis and necrosis of cotton treated with fluometuron, but neither growth regulator eliminated cotton injury or yield reduction caused by fluometuron at two or three times the recommended rates.

Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

Soybean nitrogen contribution to corn and residual nitrate under conventional tillage and no-till

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Rembon ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Tillage Method

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) can produce high-N residues that may benefit subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) production, but the degree of benefit is often unpredictable and may be related to tillage methods. This study investigated the effects of conventional-tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on fertilizer replacement values for corn in a corn-soybean rotation. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons on two soils, a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol), and an Ormstown silty clay (Humic Gleysol). Continuous corn, corn following soybean, soybean following corn, continuous soybean, and three levels of fertilizer N (0, 90, 180 and 0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1 for corn and soybean, respectively) were compared. Tillage did not effect yield or N uptake consistently. Corn grain yields and N uptake were greater following soybean than following corn. Soybean provided N fertilizer credits ranging from 40 to 150 kg N ha−1, which was greater than the residual NO3 in the soil prior to planting. Credits were greater in the year with higher corn yields and lower previous winter precipitation resulting in greater NO3 carryover. Tillage effects on N credits from soybean differed between the sites. Consequently, N contributions of soybean to corn could not be related to tillage method or soil type. Key words:Zea mays L., Glycine max L. Merill, rotations, grain yield, N uptake, tillage, fertilizer N

Response of Rotational Crops to Soil Residues of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
W. Eugene Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum

The response of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Sokota TS 46’), flax (Linum usitatissimumL. ‘Culbert 79’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Merr. ‘Sokota 466’), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], and sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Sokata 4000’) to soil residues 12 and 24 months after application of 17, 34, and 68 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was determined at two locations, Redfield and Watertown, in eastern South Dakota. All crops at Redfield were injured significantly at 17 g/ha, 12 months after application as determined by plant dry weight and visual evaluations. Corn and sorghum were the most susceptible while flax was the least susceptible. Injury at Watertown was significantly less than at Redfield. Differences in carryover were related to a lower soil pH at Watertown.

Influence of Acetamide Herbicide Applications on Efficacy of the Protectant CGA-43089 in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Simkins ◽  
L. J. Moshier ◽  
O. G. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

The influence of acetamide herbicide applications on efficacy of CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoximino)-benzacetonitrile] in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] was studied under field conditions. Acetamide herbicides applied preplant and incorporated on a Haynie very fine sandy loam caused more grain sorghum injury in 1979 than in 1978. Reductions in plant population, plant height and yield, along with delay in maturity, were severe for acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-6′-ethyl-O-acetotoluidide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide]; moderate for diethatyl [N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine], xylachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)acetamide], and butam [2,2-dimethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)propanamide]; and did not occur for propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) treatments. Acetamide herbicides caused less grain sorghum injury on a Reading silt loam than on a Haynie very fine sandy loam in 1979. CGA-43089 applied as a seed treatment protected grain sorghum grown on soils treated with metolachlor, alachlor, diethatyl, or xylachlor. Metolachlor-triazine combinations at five locations in Kansas reduced yields at two locations. CGA-43089 provided protection from metolachlor injury at those two locations.

Differential Activity of Three Diphenyl Ether Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omosuyi Fadayomi ◽  
G.F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Methyl Benzene

The tolerance of four legume species to nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-phenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), fluorodifen (p-nitrophenylα,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether), and oxyfluorofen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitro-phenoxy)-4-(trifluoro-methyl)benzene] was investigated both pre- and postemergence in the greenhouse. Seedlings of species that emerged most rapidly seemed to be most tolerant to preemergence herbicide applications. There was no direct relationship between preemergence and postemergence tolerance. Oxyfluorfen was found to be at least 10 times as active as the other two herbicides both pre- and postemergence. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Indiana to test the effect of method of application on the activity and selectivity of fluorodifen and oxyfluorfen on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Wayne’] and greenbean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Spartan Arrow’). Crop injury and grass weed control were reduced by incorporation of the herbicides 8 cm deep in a silt loam. Method of application did not affect the activity of the herbicides on a sandy soil low in organic matter. Soybean was more tolerant than greenbean to both herbicides when applied preemergence but oxyfluorfen was far more active than fluorodifen on both crops.

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