Response of Rotational Crops to Soil Residues of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
W. Eugene Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum

The response of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Sokota TS 46’), flax (Linum usitatissimumL. ‘Culbert 79’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Merr. ‘Sokota 466’), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Corsoy 79’], and sunflowers (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Sokata 4000’) to soil residues 12 and 24 months after application of 17, 34, and 68 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was determined at two locations, Redfield and Watertown, in eastern South Dakota. All crops at Redfield were injured significantly at 17 g/ha, 12 months after application as determined by plant dry weight and visual evaluations. Corn and sorghum were the most susceptible while flax was the least susceptible. Injury at Watertown was significantly less than at Redfield. Differences in carryover were related to a lower soil pH at Watertown.

Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

Competitive and Allelopathic Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Irons ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

In the field, soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71′] required 4 to 6 weeks free of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) competition for maximum yield. Competition studies suggested that more than one type of interference was involved when sunflowers grew with soybeans. In greenhouse studies, soybean height, fresh weight, and dry weight were significantly reduced at certain sunflower and soybean densities and levels of competition. Sunflower height was not reduced by any level of competition, but sunflower fresh and dry weights were reduced with high sunflower and soybean populations. Two percent (w/w) or greater amounts of ground, mature sunflower leaves mixed into the soil reduced emergence and growth of soybeans, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘G-625 GBR′], and sunflower. A mixture of powdered stems and branches of sunflower also reduced growth of the three species, although it was not as phytotoxic as ground leaves. Sunflower roots apparently released exudates into the nutrient solution and soil. Sunflower root exudates inhibited sunflower emergence, and reduced sorghum, soybean, and sunflower height, fresh weight, and dry weight.

EFEITO INIBITÓRIO DO SORGO GRANÍFERO NA CULTURA DA SOJA SEMEADA EM SUCESSÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
EVANDRO MARCOS BIESDORF ◽  
LEONARDO DUARTE PIMENTEL ◽  
MATHEUS FERREIRA FRANÇA TEIXEIRA ◽  
THAÍS PATRÍCIA MOREIRA TEIXEIRA ◽  
ALUÍZIO BOREM DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Glycine Max L

 RESUMO – O cultivo do sorgo granífero avança no Brasil. Todavia, existem evidências sugerindo efeito inibitório sobre a soja cultivada em sucessão. Objetivou-se investigar o efeito inibitório do cultivo de sorgo granífero (BRS 332) sobre o desempenho da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) semeada em sucessão. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento de campo em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcela subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelas culturas antecessoras sorgo e milho e as subparcelas, por cinco datas de semeadura da soja após a colheita das culturas antecessoras (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias após a colheita). Observou-se que o sorgo, como cultura antecessora, resultou em menores percentagens de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de inserção de primeira vagem e número de vagens por planta de soja, apesar da produtividade de grãos não ter sido afetada. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento vegetativo inicial da soja é afetado negativamente quando a semeadura é realizada em até 40 dias após a colheita do sorgo. Contudo, o cultivo anterior de sorgo na mesma área, comparativamente ao cultivo anterior do milho, não é capaz de afetar a produtividade da soja.Palavras-chave: Glicine max, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone, Zea mays. INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SORGHUM ON SOYBEAN IN SUCCESSION  ABSTRACT - The cultivation of grain sorghum is advancing in Brazil, however, there is evidence suggesting an inhibitory effect on soybeans grown in succession. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of grain sorghum (BRS 332) on the performance of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeded in succession. For this, a field experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design in a subdivided plot scheme. The plots were composed of the predecessor crops sorghum and maize and the subplots were five soybean sowing dates after harvesting the predecessor crops (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after harvest). It was observed that sorghum as a predecessor crop resulted in lower emergence percentages, emergence speed index, first pod insertion height and number of pods per soybean plant, although grain yield was not affected. As conclusion, the initial vegetative development of soybean was negatively affected when sowing was carried out up to 40 days after sorghum harvest. However the previous cultivation of sorghum in the same area did not affect soybean productivity, compared to the previous corn crop.Keywords: Glicine max, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone, Zea mays.  

scholarly journals Consumo e Digestibilidade Aparente das Silagens de Milho (Zea mays L.), Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e Girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Yurika Mizubuti ◽  
Edson Luís de Azambuja Ribeiro ◽  
Marco Antônio da Rocha ◽  
Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Andréa Pereira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

O ensaio foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o consumo médio diário (CMD) e o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes das silagens de milho, sorgo e girassol, em ovinos, e avaliar o balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados nove ovinos machos, castrados, em um delineamento em quadrado latino 3x3 (três tratamentos e três períodos), alojados em gaiolas metabólicas. O CMD de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e proteína bruta (PB) das silagens de milho e girassol não diferiram entre si. O CMD de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e extrato etéreo (EE) foram maiores para as silagens de milho e girassol, respectivamente. Os CDA da MS e EE foram maiores para a silagem de girassol e menores para a silagem de sorgo. Os CDA da FDN e PB foram similares para todas as silagens.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Carryover of DPX-PE350 to Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Soybean (Glycine max) on Two Arkansas Soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
David H. Johnson ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Incubation Study

Field experiments were conducted to determine carryover potential to grain sorghum and soybean of DPX-PE350 applied POST at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 kg ai ha−1to cotton the previous year. DPX-PE350 did not injure soybean or affect yield adversely. Grain sorghum was injured and maturity delayed on a Sharkey silty clay but not on a Calloway silt loam. Grain sorghum yield was reduced on both soils 16 and 22%, respectively, by residues from the 0.1 and 0.2 kg ha−1rates of DPX-PE350. In an incubation study, dissipation of DPX-PE350 was greater at 35 C than at 5 C., and did not differ between the two soils.

Atrazine Uptake by Sudangrass, Sorghum, and Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Roeth ◽  
T. L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

The uptake of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) was studied in sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, var. Piper], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and corn (Zea maysL.) to find whether differences in atrazine uptake exist among these species. The uptake of atrazine followed closely the growth patterns of corn, sorghum, and sudangrass during the first 5 weeks of growth. Concentration of14C from ring-labeled14C-atrazine in the soil reached a peak in corn, sorghum, and sudangrass plants after 2 weeks of growth and then declined. The14C concentrations were two to three times greater in sorghum and sudangrass than in corn throughout the 5-week period. Atrazine uptake per gram of plant growth by these crops was directly proportional to the concentration of atrazine in the soil and the proportionality factors were in the order: sudangrass < sorghum ≫ corn. Total uptake and the total growth were in order: corn ≫ sorghum = sudangrass. In a study where relative humidity was a variable, the amount of atrazine absorbed per ml of water was inversely related to total water usage.

scholarly journals Changes in Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor Raised in Soil Incorporated with the Shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
O. J. Ilori ◽  
O. O. Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Tithonia. rotundifolia is an allelopathic weed that grows in association with cultivated crops in Nigeria. Allelopathy is a phenomenon of plant releasing allelochemicals into the environment that can inhibit or stimulate the growth of other plants and microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil incorporated with the fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia on chlorophyll and protein accumulation of Vigna unguiculata L. Glycine max L., Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L.  250 g of fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia were worked into each plot of 2 m2 dimension and the test crops were sown in the plots. Plots with no T. rotundifolia shoots were included as control plots. The experiment was performed in completely randomized block design (CRBD). The parameters measured were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b total chlorophyll and protein content. The results showed a stimulation in chlorophyll contents in the test crops except inhibition in chl b and total chlorophyll in Zea mays L. Also, there was a stimulation of protein in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. The study suggests that incorporation of shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia could imparts stimulatory allelopathic effects.

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