Morphological Response of Two Mesquite Varieties to 2,4,5-T and Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Hull ◽  
Howard L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Velvet Mesquite ◽  
Aerial Sprays ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis julifioravar.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] and velvet mesquite [P. julifioravar.velutina(Woot.) Sarg.] seedlings were treated on individual leaves with 20 or 40 μg of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), or a 1:1 mixture thereof. Formulation of herbicides in a DMSO-complex carrier (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, phytobland oil, water: 50:25:15:10, v/v) enhanced activity considerably over that obtained with an aqueous carrier, the degree of enhancement being greater with 2,4,5-T than with picloram. Lack of major varietal differences in morphological or anatomical response suggests that observed varietal differences in sensitivity of field mesquite to aerial sprays are not a function of the variety itself, but are related to climatic or edaphic differences among sites which the varieties occupy.

A Carrier for Some Water-Soluble Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Shellhorn ◽  
Herbert M. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Velvet Mesquite

A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, phytobland oil, and water (50:25:15:10, v/v) proved to be outstandingly effective as a carrier for water-soluble formulations of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), and mixtures thereof. The carrier was selected after numerous experiments in which these and other adjuvants, used individually, gave at least some degree of herbicidal enhancement on velvet mesquite seedlings [Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg.]. Maximum synergism between the carrier complex and herbicide occurred with the triethylamine salt of 2,4,5-T; relatively little influence on the butoxyethanol ester was observed. Picloram and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) were intermediate in activity between the two phenoxy formulations.

Effectiveness and Distribution of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, Picloram, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. S. Mayeux
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Greenhouse-grown honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] plants were treated with the propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], the triethylamine salt or the ethylene glycol butyl ether esters of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) oxy]acetic acicd}, the potassium salt of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), or the monoethanol amine salt of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid applied at the rate of 1.1 kg/ha to soil, foliage, or soil plus foliage. All herbicides were effective as foliar sprays in killing the stems of honey mesquite. When applied to the soil, picloram and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid killed all above ground stems, and the ester and amine formulation of triclopyr killed 70 and 91% of the stem tissue, respectively, but 2,4,5-T was ineffective. Accumulation of herbicides in leaves 10 days after foliar spray was 28, 167, and 266 μg/g fresh wt for triclopyr, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, and picloram, respectively. Upward transport of picloram and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid (2.7 to 5.9 μg/g) was also more extensive than that of 2,4,5-T or triclopyr after soil treatment. Higher concentrations of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid than 2,4,5-T, triclopyr, or picloram usually was found in honey mesquite stems and roots 3, 10, or 30 days after application to soil or foliage. This may be one reason that 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid is highly effective in controlling honey mesquite.

Triclopyr for Control of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete W. Jacoby ◽  
Cecil H. Meadors
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} was aerially applied at four locations in Texas to determine effectiveness of the amine and ester formulations for the control of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell # PRCJG]. The ester formulation was superior to the amine in most trials. Honey mesquite control with triclopyr amine was comparable to that with 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] while control with triclopyr ester was similar to that attained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4, 5-T and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid). Honey mesquite control obtained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4,5-T and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) was intermediate between that with the 2,4,5-T and picloram mixture and that with 2,4,5-T alone. Efficacy of triclopyr increased as rates were increased from 0.3 to 0.6 kg ae/ha and from 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha. Triclopyr formulations were effective when applied in either water or diesel oil/water emulsions. Honey mesquite control from triclopyr in combination with picloram was generally comparable to that from the mixture of picloram and 2,4,5-T.

Absorption of 2,4,5-T Applied in Various Carriers to Honey Mesquite

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Absorption of the butyl ether esters of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4,5-T) by honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell] foliage was more rapid when 0.56 kg/ha was applied in 15 L/ha paraffin oil than when diesel oil, water, or emulsions of the oils in water were used as carriers. However, carrier had little effect on 2,4,5-T translocation to stems or roots. The percentage of greenhouse-grown honey mesquite plants killed was reduced when 2,4,5-T was applied in diesel oil as compared to other carriers studied.

scholarly journals Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Zhu ◽  
Yifan Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Yan ◽  
Fangxin Liu ◽  
Pingfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Hierarchical Pore Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Hierarchical Pore

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline organic materials of interest for a wide range of applications due to their porosity, tunable architecture, and precise chemistry. However, COFs are typically produced in powder form and are difficult to process. Herein, we report a simple and versatile approach to fabricate macroscopic, crystalline COF gels and foams. Our method involved the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent and acetic acid as a catalyst to first produce a COF gel. The COF gel was then washed, dried, and reactivated to produce a macroscopic, crystalline, porous COF foam. We demonstrated this synthesis for six different imine COFs and found that the crystallinities and porosities of the COF foams matched those of COF powders. Electron microscopy revealed a robust hierarchical pore structure, and we showed that the COF foams can be used as absorbents in oil-water separations, for the removal of organic and inorganic micropollutants, and for the capture and retention of iodine. This study provides a versatile and simple approach for the fabrication of COF foams and will provide novel routes for incorporating COFs in applications that require macroscopic, porous materials.

scholarly journals Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Zhu ◽  
Yifan Zhu ◽  
Qianqian Yan ◽  
Fangxin Liu ◽  
Pingfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Hierarchical Pore Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Hierarchical Pore

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline organic materials of interest for a wide range of applications due to their porosity, tunable architecture, and precise chemistry. However, COFs are typically produced in powder form and are difficult to process. Herein, we report a simple and versatile approach to fabricate macroscopic, crystalline COF gels and foams. Our method involved the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent and acetic acid as a catalyst to first produce a COF gel. The COF gel was then washed, dried, and reactivated to produce a macroscopic, crystalline, porous COF foam. We demonstrated this synthesis for six different imine COFs and found that the crystallinities and porosities of the COF foams matched those of COF powders. Electron microscopy revealed a robust hierarchical pore structure, and we showed that the COF foams can be used as absorbents in oil-water separations, for the removal of organic and inorganic micropollutants, and for the capture and retention of iodine. This study provides a versatile and simple approach for the fabrication of COF foams and will provide novel routes for incorporating COFs in applications that require macroscopic, porous materials.

HSCCC Separation of Three Main Compounds from the Crude Extract of Dracocephalum Tanguticum by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Cosolvent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Yongling Liu ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Nana Wang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Counter Current

Abstract Separation of natural compounds directly from the crude extract is a challenging work for traditional column chromatography. In the present study, an efficient method for separation of three main compounds from the crude extract of Dracocephalum tanguticum has been successfully established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The crude extract was directly introduced into HSCCC by using dimethyl sulfoxide as cosolvent. Ethyl acetate/n-butyl alcohol/0.3% glacial acetic acid (4: 1: 5, v/v) system was used and three target compounds with purity higher than 80% were obtained. Preparative HPLC was used for further purification and three target compounds with purity higher than 98% were obtained. The compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, pedaliin and pedaliin-6″-acetate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document