Effect of Temperature on Picloram Absorption and Translocation in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Temperature changes prior to picloram application affects its activity in leafy spurge. Absorption of14C picloram was directly correlated with temperature changes; each 1 C increase in air temperature 24 h before treatment resulted in a 1% increase of14C-picloram absorption in leafy spurge and vice versa. The greatest14C-picloram absorption averaged 47% of applied14C when the temperature increased from 18 C to 24 or 30 C 24 h before treatment compared to 33% when temperatures were constant. Translocation of14C picloram was more sensitive than absorption to temperature changes with 4.3 and 1% of applied14C-picloram translocated to the roots when the plants were maintained at 12 and 30 C, respectively. Even though absorption increased directly with temperature,14C-picloram translocation to the root system declined as temperature increased.

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On the Role of Snow Cover in Depressing Air Temperature

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/2007jamc1823.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 2008-2022 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Thomas L. Mote

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

North America ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Snow Depth ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Temperature Depression

Abstract This study empirically examines the role of snow depth on the depression of air temperature after controlling for effect of temperature changes above the boundary layer. In addition, this study examines the role of cloud cover, solar elevation angle, and maximum snow-covered albedo on the temperature depression due to snow cover. The work uses a new dataset of daily, gridded snow depth, snowfall, and maximum and minimum temperatures for North America from 1960 to 2000 in conjunction with 850-hPa temperature data for the same period from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, version 1. The 850-hPa temperatures are used as a control to remove the effect of temperature changes above the boundary layer on surface air temperatures. Findings from an analysis of variance demonstrate that snow cover can result in daily maximum (minimum) temperature depressions on average of 4.5°C (2.6°C) for snow depths greater than 10 cm over the grasslands of central North America, but temperature depressions average only 1.2°C (1.1°C) overall. The temperature depression of snow cover is shown to be reduced by increased cloud cover and decreased maximum albedo, which is indicative of denser forest cover. The role of snow melting on temperature depression is further explored by comparing days with maximum temperatures above or below freezing.

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The Influence of Growth Regulators and Nitrogen on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Picloram

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500084010 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gregg A. Regimbal ◽

Alex R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Leafy Spurge ◽

Euphorbia Esula ◽

Greenhouse Experiments

The addition of chlorflurenol (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate) at 0.6 kg ai/ha or mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl] acetamide} at 0.3 kg ai/ha to picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid) at 0.3 kg ae/ha increased leafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL. # EPHES) control compared to picloram alone. Application of 84 kg/ha nitrogen in the fall prior to a spring treatment of 0.3 kg/ha picloram decreased the original stand (75%) compared to no nitrogen (18%). In greenhouse experiments, chlorflurenol and mefluidide increased the amount of14C-picloram absorbed approximately twofold when applied in combination but not when applied independently. Based on14C-picloram absorbed, chlorflurenol and mefluidide each increased the amount of14C translocated to the root system, whether applied independently or in combination with picloram. An increase in root bud numbers was observed following an application of 0.6 kg/ha chlorflurenol or nitrogen.

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Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction

Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute ◽

10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-375-381 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 375-381

Author(s):

K. M. Popov

Keyword(s):

Statistical Processing ◽

Specific Consumption ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Influence Coefficient ◽

Specific Work ◽

Specific Flow ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Work Area ◽

Physical Laws

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.

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Release of Postsenescent Dormancy in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) by Chilling

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500075834 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 784-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephen J. Harvey ◽

Robert M. Nowierski

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

North America ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Leafy Spurge ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Euphorbia Esula ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Significant Growth ◽

Number Of Stems

The growth and development of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL. #3EPHES) collected during postsenescent dormancy and grown in the greenhouse was increasingly stimulated by chilling treatments longer than 14 days duration at 0 to 6 C. Production of stems with flower buds, primary flowers, and secondary flowers was greater in plants chilled for 42 days or more. The effects of chilling on total number of stems, number of strictly vegetative stems, or number of stems with vegetative branching were not significant. The height of the tallest stem per pot was influenced by chilling longer than 42 days. Growth rate also increased as a function of chilling duration. Based on our findings, we believe that there is little possibility that any significant growth can occur in the postsenescent period because of the prevailing climatic conditions found in areas of leafy spurge distribution in North America.

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A Note on the Sugars and Amino Acids of Leafy Spurge, Euphorbia esula

Weeds ◽

10.2307/4040207 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duane Le Tourneau

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Leafy Spurge ◽

Euphorbia Esula

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Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1279 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yiqun Huang ◽

Pawan Singh Takhar ◽

Juming Tang ◽

Barry G Swanson

Keyword(s):

Shear Rate ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Flow Resistance ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Rheological Behaviors ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

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