Chemical Control of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields

Applications of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 kg/ha at the start of each growing season severely damaged established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Beaver’) and reduced seed yield 32% over a 4-yr period. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber) populations were reduced but perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) increased in frequency. Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) applied at 2.1 kg/ha controlled both dandelion and perennial sowthistle. Alfalfa was damaged initially but rapid recovery resulted in an increase in seed yield in 2 yr out of 4. Terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) applied at 1.1 kg/ha also controlled dandelion and perennial sowthistle. No alfalfa damage was evident and seed yields were increased 34% over a 3-yr period. Seed yield increased 30% where asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) was applied at 4.5 kg/ha, but there was no visible effect on the growth of either alfalfa or weeds. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine], propham (isopropyl carbanilate) + PCMC (p-chlorophenyl-N-methyl carbamate), pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], did not affect alfalfa seed production significantly, although simazine and diuron did reduce dandelion populations.

Weed Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Grown for Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Applications of 1.6 kg ai/ha of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] to established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Rambler’) at the start of each growing season for 4 yr increased seed yield by 68% and controlled established dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber. in Wiggers ♯ TAROF) and smooth brome (Bromus inermisLeyss. ♯ BROIN). A lesser amount of metribuzin was not sufficient for smooth brome control, and a greater amount damaged the alfalfa. Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] applied at 1.0 kg ai/ha also controlled dandelion and smooth brome and produced increases in alfalfa seed yield. Mixtures of terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) with reduced rates of metribuzin or hexazinone controlled dandelion well, but gave only fair control of smooth brome. Alfalfa seed yield was negatively correlated with the smooth brome population.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seed Yield Response to Herbicides

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik ◽  
John Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Active Isomer ◽  
Seed Yields

Seedling alfalfa was injured by chlorsulfuron and sethoxydim plus 2,4-DB but recovered the following year as alfalfa seed yields were comparable to the hand-weeded control. Fluazifopbutyl and flamprop-methyl (active isomer) at 0.5 kg/ha did not affect seedling alfalfa adversely; however, seed yields were lower the following year compared to those treated at the 0.25-kg/ha rate. In established alfalfa, sethoxydim alone or with 2,4-DB applied annually did not affect seed yields adversely. However, 2,4-DB alone reduced seed yields in 2 of 5 yr. Alfalfa tolerated chlorsulfuron at 0.015 kg/ha but was damaged at the 0.03-kg/ha rate. Initial injury and later recovery without adverse effects on seed yield also were observed following annual treatments with bromoxynil, MCPA plus 2,4-DB and bentazon plus 2,4-DB.

scholarly journals Stink bug Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)-An Emerging Threat for Seed Production in Alfalfa Crop (Medicago sativa L.) and Their Successful Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Karar ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Jaffar Ali ◽  
Reem Atalla Alajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

AbstractForages are vital constituent for sustainable agriculture because they provide feed for animals that ultimately converted into human food. Alfalfa is one of the most important forages that has highest feeding value for livestock, and seed production of alfalfa seriously affected by several factors, but seed yield loss due to stink bug attack is more as compared to other factors. Studies were conducted to control stink bug by different insecticides at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan during 2016-17. The efficacy of ten insecticides viz., acephate, dimethoate, malathion, chlorpyriphos, bifenthrin, lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid and carbosulfan were tested against stink bug, Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. variety SGD-2002. The mortality of stink bug was recorded one, three, five, seven, ten and fifteen days after spray. Similarly the population of pollinators was recorded before and one, three and five days after spray. From this study it had been observed that acetamiprid (81.14 %) and acephate (80.65%) had the higest mortality of stink bug and proved to be the most effective insecticides against stink bug. By spray of insecticides the population of pollinators declined one day after spray, but it had been rehabilitated three days after spray. By chemical treatment against stink bug, seed yield increased from 28.05 Kg/acre (during last four year without chemical control of stink bug) to 116 Kg/acre in 2016-17 (with chemical control). From this study it has been concluded that chemicals can be used in integrated management program of alfalfa seed production.

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA FOR SEED

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

In field plot experiments conducted in southern Alberta over a 6-yr period, highest seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Beaver) were obtained with one or two irrigations in the first half of the growing season. In outdoor lysimeters protected from rain, moisture stress for more than 8 days before seed ripening severely reduced seed production. Under field conditions, stored soil moisture from irrigation during the vegetative stage of growth plus occasional rain in July and August permitted irrigation of alfalfa for seed to be stopped at the bud to early bloom stage (June to early July).

Effect of plant density and herbicide application on alfalfa seed and weed yields

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. W. Richards ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Alfalfa was seeded in row spacings of 36, 72 and 108 cm and at broadcast seeding rates of 0.33, 1.0 and 3.0 kg ha−1 on irrigated land at Tilley (1983) and Lethbridge (1984), Alberta to determine the effect of plant density on weed growth and alfalfa seed yield. During the seed-producing years at each location, herbicide treatments were overlaid on seeding treatments in a split-block arrangement to assess the joint effect of herbicides and plant density on alfalfa seed yield. Hexazinone was the main herbicide used for weed control. Alfalfa seed and weeds were harvested for 5 yr following alfalfa establishment. Alfalfa seed yields tended to be maximum with 36-cm row spacings or the 3.0 kg ha−1 broadcast seeding rate, and were similar in row-seeded and broadcast-seeded alfalfa. Dry matter yields of weeds decreased as row spacings decreased or the broadcast seeding rate increased. Hexazinone controlled quackgrass, sow thistle, flixweed and kochia. In the experiment at Tilley with perennial weed infestations, mean alfalfa seed yields from 1984 to 1985 were 20% larger when herbicides were used than in the untreated check. Alfalfa plant densities slightly larger than currently recommended usually produced the largest seed yields and smallest weed infestations. Key words: Medicago sativa, quackgrass, kochia, sow thistle, flixweed, hexazinone

The effects of length of growing season, with and without defoliation, on seed yield and hard-seededness in swards of subterranean clover

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Absolute Scale ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Short T2 ◽  
Relative Scale ◽  
Seed Yields

The effects of length of growing season and defoliation on seed yield and hard-seededness were examined in two strains of subterranean clover (Seaton Park, Midland B) grown in swards in the field. All plots were sown at the same time and the length of growing season was varied by altering the time of finish of the season (by withholding water). There were three length of growing season treatments: T1 (short), T2 (intermediate) and T3 (control). The defoliation treatments were D0, uncut (control), and D1, defoliated at weekly intervals until the commencement of flowering. Reducing the length of growing season drastically reduced seed yield. Thus when the growing season was only 3 weeks shorter than the control (i.e. T2 compared with T3), seed yields averaged over strains and defoliations were reduced by at least one half. With a further reduction of 2 weeks in the length of the season (T1) seed yields were only about one-third of those obtained in the control (T3). The reductions in seed yield were due to reductions in both the number of mature burrs produced and to a lesser extent in mean weight per seed. Although defoliation increased seed yield in all growing seasons, the effect when measured on a relative scale was greater in T2 than in either T1 or T3. But on an absolute scale the size of the response was greater in T2 and T3 than in T1. The rate of breakdown of hard-seededness was faster in Seaton Park than in Midland B, but it decreased in both strains with increasing length of growing season.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

Desiccation of alfalfa for seed production with diquat and glufosinate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. W. Richards ◽  
N. Foroud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Recommendations for desiccation of alfalfa do not clearly define the stage at which desiccants should be applied. To obtain this information, diquat and glufosinate were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) from 1991 to 1994 at various stages of maturity to determine the effect of desiccant and stage of maturity at desiccation on seed yield 1000-seed weight and seed germinability. Alfalfa seed yields, 1000-seed weights, percent germination and percent viable seed were similar after desiccation with diquat and glufosinate. Desiccation when 60–75% of the alfalfa seed pods were brown permitted maximum seed yields. Percent germination increased slightly in seeds that were exposed to weathering under normal conditions until all pods turned brown. Both desiccants adequately desiccated alfalfa for harvesting but desiccation with glufosinate took 2 or 3 d longer than diquat. Desiccants did not reduce alfalfa growth in the spring after application. Key words: Germination, yield, hard seed, seed weight, stage

EFFECTS OF ESTABLISHMENT METHOD AND A RAPESEED COMPANION CROP ON ALFALFA SEED YIELD

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON ◽  
N. MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Companion Crop

In two experiments at Melfort using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Beaver’) seeded at a rate of 2 kg ha−1 with and without a Polish rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) companion crop seeded at 5.5 kg ha−1, rapeseed yields in the establishment year were maximum when alfalfa and rapeseed were mixed and planted in 15-cm rows. Alfalfa showed no consistent seed yield differences between broadcast seeding, seeding in 15- or 61-cm rows, or seeding with or without the companion crop.Key words: Alfalfa, rapeseed, Brassica campestris, seed production

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