Effects of Herbicide Treatments on the Establishment of ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Selected herbicides were evaluated for control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] in planted ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). The most effective treatment technique was sequential treatments of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) at planting followed with two applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] which controlled 95% of the weeds and permitted bermudagrass to form a 96% ground cover in 22 weeks. Other treatments, listed in order of decreasing effectiveness were a single application of oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)-benzamide] applied in two applications and MSMA + 2,4-D in two applications.

Herbicides for Control ofLeptochloa panicoidesin Water-Seeded Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Effective Treatments

Postemergence herbicide treatments that controlled tighthead sprangletop [Leptochloa panicoides(Presl) Hitchc.] and redstem (Ammannia auriculataWilld.), did not injure water-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL.), and substantially improved grain yields included: (a) a single application of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) at 4.5 kg/ha applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall; (b) two sequential treatments of propanil each at 3.4 kg/ha, with the first treatment applied to weeds 2- to 5-cm tall, and a second treatment applied 4 to 8 days later; (c) a tank mixture of propanil at 3.4 kg/ha and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.6 kg/ha, applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall; and (d) a tank mixture of propanil and molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate), each at 2.2 kg/ha, applied to weeds 8- to 10-cm tall. Treatments that controlled tighthead sprangletop or redstem unsatisfactorily or inconsistently and did not improve grain yields as much as more effective treatments included: preplant or postemergence treatments of molinate, or preplant treatments of nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), fluorodifen (p-nitrophenylα,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether), CNP (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), or He-314 (p-nitrophenyl-m-tolyl ether).

Postemergence Control of Large Crabgrass and Goosegrass in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Single and repeated applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) with and without 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one], and methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-di-one] were evaluated for control of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.). Large crabgrass was controlled satisfactorily at Griffin in 1972 and 1973 with a single application of 1.7 kg/ha of MSMA, however, repeated applications were required for similar control at Griffin in 1974 and at Blairsville in 1973 and 1974. Repeated treatments at 0.6 kg/ha resulted in satisfactory large crabgrass control in only 2 of 3 years at Griffin and 1 of 3 experiments at Blairsville. The optimum time interval between the first and second MSMA treatments (average 1973 and 1974) was 12 days for the 1.1 kg/ha rate and anytime between 12 and 19 days for the 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha rates. There was no advantage in large crabgrass control from treatments of methazole, metribuzin, or combinations of MSMA + 2,4-D when compared with MSMA. Single applications of 1.1 kg/ha of metribuzin or 2.2 kg/ha of methazole resulted in excellent goosegrass control without causing any permanent injury to common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Repeated treatments of 3.3 kg/ha of MSMA were required to obtain satisfactory goosegrass control.

Geyer Larkspur Phenology and Response to 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Hyder ◽  
L. D. Sabatka
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Poisonous Plant ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Late Stages

Mortality rates of Geyer larkspur(Delphinium geyeriGreene), a poisonous plant, were determined after spraying with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid at various stages of plant development in 1967 to 1969. Sprays of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg/ha were more effective at early than at late stages of development, but seldom exceeded 40% mortality. Uneven-aged stands and early drying (dormancy) of small non-flowering plants often prevented the exposure of all plants to a single application of spray; treated plants contorted but continued growth for 5 to 8 weeks after spraying; residual seed provided a source of new plants; and previously dormant rootstock buds gave rise to new shoot and root growth the year after spraying. These characteristics and escape mechanisms direct attention to possibilities of improving effectiveness by spraying two or three times in a single season.

Response of Weeds in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf to Tank-Mixed Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Tank mixtures of herbicides for control of emerged winter weeds and preemergence control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] were evaluated on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’ # CYNDA] fairways over a 2-yr period. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha in tank mixtures with DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthate) at 11 kg ai/ha controlled a higher percentage of parsley-piert (Alchemilla microcarpaBoiss. Reut. # APHMI) than either herbicide alone. When applied for spur weed (Solivaspp.) control, DCPA was antagonistic in the tank mixture with simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-txiazine]. During one yr of the 2-yr study period, control of large crabgrass was less in plots treated with combination of DCPA and glyphosate than in plots treated with DCPA alone. Less large crabgrass control was obtained in plots treated with bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11 kg ai/ha in combinations with either paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]propionic acid} plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) than when treated only with bensulide.

Sequential Herbicide Treatments for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were sequentially applied to common bermudagrass over a two-year period to determine the lowest herbicide rates required to maintain acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Large crabgrass control was consistently higher in late August when MSMA at 2.2 kg ha−1was applied to plots previously treated with dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha−1(99%) in 1991, and either pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ha−1(95%) or oxadiazon at 1.1 kg ha−1(94%) in 1992 than when either herbicide was applied alone (≤ 79%). Goosegrass control was also higher in late August when MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.0 + 0.14 kg ha−1was applied to plots treated with pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha−1(71%) in 1991, with oxadiazon at ≤ 2.2 kg ha−1(≤ 89%) in 1992, and with dithiopyr at 0.4 kg ha−1(≤ 96%) both years than when the herbicides were applied alone. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha−1applied alone as POST controlled ≥ 96% goosegrass throughout the two-year period.

Tank-Mixed Postemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A two-year experiment was conducted to determine if tank-mixes of postemergence (POST) herbicides would consistently control large crabgrass and goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf compared to herbicide alone treatments. Tank-mixes of MSMA plus quinclorac at 2.2 + 0.6 kg/ha effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥ 81%) for 10 to 11 weeks during 1993 and 1994. The control from MSMA plus dithiopyr at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha was higher during this period than when each herbicide was applied alone at the same rate. There was no increase in large crabgrass control from tank-mixes of MSMA and diclofop applied in a single application, when compared with two applications of MSMA applied at 2.2 kg/ha. Goosegrass control at 9 wk after tank-mixed treatments of MSMA (2.2 kg/ha) and diclofop (≥ 0.3 kg/ha) in 1994 was lower (12 to 28%) than when diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha was applied alone (85%). Tank-mixes of MSMA with quinclorac or dithiopyr did not control goosegrass. In general, common bermudagrass injury was no higher from herbicide combinations than when each was applied alone. An exception occurred at 1 wk after treatment in 1993 when common bermudagrass injury was higher from tank-mixes of MSMA plus diclofop at 2.2 + 1.1 kg/ha, than when either herbicide was applied alone.

Effect of Lanolin or Lanolin + Starch Rings on Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-D or Glyphosate in Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Schultz ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Lanolin or lanolin + corn (Zea maysL.) starch rings are often used as barriers on leaves to prevent runoff of foliarly applied14C-herbicide treatments. A preliminary experiment showed that 64 and 90% of the applied 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 57 and 87% of the applied glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was adsorbed to or absorbed into a lanolin and lanolin + starch ring, respectively, during 6 days on a glass slide. Absorption and translocation of 2,4-D in hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.) was decreased from 26% down to 16 or 17% of the total applied when a lanolin or lanolin + starch ring was used. Glyphosate absorption and translocation increased with the lanolin ring but not with the lanolin + starch ring. Distribution of the translocated 2,4-D and glyphosate was also altered by use of the ring barriers. Results indicate that one should avoid use of the lanolin ring in14C-herbicide absorption studies to simulate field conditions.

Response of Common Goldenweed (Isocoma coronopifolia) and Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) to Fire and Soil-Applied Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Mayeux ◽  
W. T. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Controlled burning during winter reduced densities of common goldenweed [Isocoma coronopifolia(Gray) Greene] by 33 to 44% and suppressed canopy cover and height of surviving common goldenweeds for 2 yr. Applied to an unburned infestation, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) granules only partially controlled common goldenweed at rates of 2 kg/ha or less. Tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) pellets provided excellent control of common goldenweed if applied at 2 kg/ha during March and at 1 kg/ha if applied after burning in February. The burning pretreatment appeared to synergistically enhance effectiveness of herbicides applied at relatively low rates. Increases in standing crop of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliarisL.) following burning were usually small and temporary, but effective herbicide treatments and burn-herbicide combinations increased buffelgrass standing crop by as much as three-fold.

Plant Cover Changes Following Herbicide Applications in Orchards

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar E. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Ammonium Sulfamate

Single applications of 4.48 and 22.4 kg/ha of the ester formulation of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T ester), 2,4,5-T amine, and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (silvex) to the ground cover and soil under apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) trees significantly reduced the proportion of broadleaf plants to grasses. After six annual applications of these herbicides, the ground cover consisted of almost pure stands of grasses. Six applications of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) + oil at 4.2 kg/ha + 374 L/ha and five times this rate decreased the proportion of broadleaf weeds to grasses, but one application did not change the proportion. One and six annual applications of dinoseb amine at 16.8 and 84 kg/ha significantly reduced the percentage of broadleaf weeds. One application of 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole) at 4.48 kg/ha and six annual applications of amitrole at 22.4 kg/ha significantly decreased the percentage of broadleaf weeds. Six annual applications of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) + dinoseb amine at 47.6 + 84 kg/ha significantly increased the percentage of broadleaf weeds, especially mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum L.) and red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.). Six annual applications of ammonium sulfamate (AMS) at 168 and 840 kg/ha increased the proportion of grasses to broadleaf weeds as did a single application at 168 kg/ha. AMS caused phytotoxic symptoms on young apple replants at the 168-kg/ha rate and also on mature trees at the 840-kg/ha rate. No phytotoxic symptoms were noted with the other herbicides applied.

Long-Term Effects on Vegetation of Herbicide Treatments in Chaparral

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Jodie S. Holt ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich ◽  
Walter L. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adenostoma Fasciculatum ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Field studies were established in 1974 and 1975 at various locations in San Diego County, CA, to evaluate several herbicides for the control of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatumH.&A.) and redshank chamise (Adenostoma sparsifoliumTorr.). Herbicide effects on vegetation were reevaluated in 1982. Plots originally treated with 2.2 or 4.5 kg ae/ha of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] had virtually no chamise regrowth 8 yr after treatment. The herbicides 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], combinations of 2,4-D with 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid], fosamine [ethyl hydrogen (aminocarbonyl)phosphonate], triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea}, and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) had no long-term effects on chamise. Soil collected in 1982 from glyphosate-treated plots contained similar numbers of chamise seeds but fewer seeds of other species compared to untreated plots. Canopy cover of redshank chamise was similar in treated and untreated plots after 8 yr. These results document the effectiveness of glyphosate in killing the underground root-crown of chamise, which prevented sprouting, but not redshank chamise.

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