Geyer Larkspur Phenology and Response to 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Hyder ◽  
L. D. Sabatka
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Poisonous Plant ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Late Stages

Mortality rates of Geyer larkspur(Delphinium geyeriGreene), a poisonous plant, were determined after spraying with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid at various stages of plant development in 1967 to 1969. Sprays of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg/ha were more effective at early than at late stages of development, but seldom exceeded 40% mortality. Uneven-aged stands and early drying (dormancy) of small non-flowering plants often prevented the exposure of all plants to a single application of spray; treated plants contorted but continued growth for 5 to 8 weeks after spraying; residual seed provided a source of new plants; and previously dormant rootstock buds gave rise to new shoot and root growth the year after spraying. These characteristics and escape mechanisms direct attention to possibilities of improving effectiveness by spraying two or three times in a single season.

scholarly journals Hormesis Effect of Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Sub-Doses and Mepiquat Chloride on Cotton Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.P. AMÉRICO ◽  
J.H.P. AMÉRICO-PINHEIRO ◽  
E. FURLANI JR
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormesis effect of sub-doses of dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide and the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride on the vegetative and productive characteristics of two cotton cultivars (FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The experiment was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 6 x 2 x 2, with four replications, totaling 96 installments with 24 treatments: the witness and five sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D: 0.68, 1.36, 2.04, 2.72 and 3.40 g equivalent acid (e.a) per ha, with and without application of mepiquat chloride at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 in the cotton cultivars FMT 701 and Fibermax 966. The sub-doses applied were 2,4-D at 45 days after the emergence of the plant (DAE), and the growth regulator was applied at 70 DAE. It was found that the use of the growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 was effective in controlling plant development relative to its variable height. The application of sub-doses of 2,4-D up to 1.75 g e.a ha-1 provides increased seed cotton productivity FMT 701 and Fibermax 966). The cultivar FMT 701 got greater plant height, stem diameter, number of reproductive branches, bolls per plant and seed cotton productivity compared to the cultivar Fibermax 966.

Herbicide Effectiveness in Response to Season of Application and Shrub Physiology

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thomas Lanini ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Arctostaphylos Patula ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The selectivity of five foliage-applied herbicides, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], fosamine [ethyl hydrogen (aminocarbonyl)phosphonate], and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, applied at three phenological stages of development to five Sierran shrub species, deerbrush [Ceanothus integerrimusvar.californicus(Kell.) G. T. Benson.], greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patulaGreene), bearmat (Chamaebatia foliolosaBenth.), snowbrush ceanothus (Ceanothus velutinusDougl.), and whiteleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscidaParry), was compared. Treatments in the summer and fall were less effective than spring applications. Periods of herbicide susceptibility generally corresponded to times when moisture stress was low and photosynthesis was high.

Chemical Control of Canada Thistle

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Carson ◽  
J. D. Bandeen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of one, two, and three annual applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino) −6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), and a three way mix of dicamba, mecoprop [2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy]propionic acid], and 2,4-D at a ratio of 7:5:20 at different stages of development for the control of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.]. Two consecutive annual applications in all atrazine treatments achieved the same level of control as cultivation every 5 weeks. In the year of the last treatment, Canada thistle was controlled with two or more consecutive annual applications of the hormone-type herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba, and the three way mix); however, in the year following the last treatment, regrowth occurred.

Absorption, Metabolism, and Translocation of 2,4-D by Honeyvine Milkweed

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Coble ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Metabolic Alteration ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Absorption of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) by honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt.] was 7.2, 9.3, and 10.9% of the applied herbicide at 1, 4, and 8 days after treatment, respectively. Addition of 1.0% v/v Tween 80 to the treatments increased absorption to 55.8, 71.3, and 78.7% at the same sampling dates. Metabolic alteration of the herbicide occurred only in the aerial portions of the plant, and this was not great enough to be considered as a means of resistance. Translocation of 2,4-D into the roots was more closely related to new root growth than to the amount of top growth. Plants with six leaves and no new root growth did not translocate 2,4-D into the root zone. Plants with the same number of leaves but with an average of five and 20 new roots translocated 2.5 and 7.7%, respectively, of the applied herbicide to the roots.

Effects of Herbicide Treatments on the Establishment of ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Selected herbicides were evaluated for control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] in planted ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). The most effective treatment technique was sequential treatments of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) at planting followed with two applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] which controlled 95% of the weeds and permitted bermudagrass to form a 96% ground cover in 22 weeks. Other treatments, listed in order of decreasing effectiveness were a single application of oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)-benzamide] applied in two applications and MSMA + 2,4-D in two applications.

scholarly journals Crop Injury from Sublethal Rates of Herbicide. III. Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gilreath ◽  
Carlene A. Chase ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Sublethal rates of 2,4-D and dicamba were applied to pepper to evaluate the possible effects of single or multiple exposures to drift from these herbicides. Dicamba induced more foliar injury than did 2,4-D and reduced vigor more as herbicide rates increased. Postbloom applications reduced vigor less than did earlier applications. Epinastic response was affected by stage of development at application and time after treatment. Postbloom applications did not affect yield, but dicamba and 2,4-D applied at earlier stages of development resulted in linear reduction of marketable and total yields as rates increased to 112 g·ha-1. Reductions in plant vigor with increased rates were greater and foliar epinasty was more pronounced with two sequential applications of 2,4-D or dicamba than with single applications. Marketable yields were unaffected by single prebloom applications but declined linearly with two applications. Cull and total yields were not affected by the number of applications. With prebloom and bloom applications of 2,4-D, flower abscission increased and fruit set decreased as rate increased. Chemical names used: 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).

Plant Regeneration from Excised Cotyledons of Mature Strawberry Achenes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Craig K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot Buds ◽  
Rapid Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol was developed for excising and culturing cotyledon explants from mature achenes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Cotyledon explants formed callus with multiple shoot buds on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog media containing several combinations of hormones (1 μm 2,4-D; 10 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA; 5 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA + 5 μm NAA; 5 μ m BA + 15 μ m NAA). After three subcultures, only tissues maintained on the medium containing 5 μm BA + 5 μm NAA continued to form shoots. Tissues transferred to other media eventually died (1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μ m BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA; 5 μ m BA + 1 μ m 2,4-D), became unorganized (1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 15 μm NAA), or formed roots (10 μm 2,4-D). Whole plantlets were produced by transferring callus with buds to medium lacking hormones. The rapid regeneration of clonal plantlets from cotyledon explants may be useful for reducing variability in future developmental studies. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Cotton Resistance to 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray Drift 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Regier ◽  
R. E. Dilbeck ◽  
D. J. Undersander ◽  
J. E. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

scholarly journals Influence of growth regulators and explants on shoot regeneration in carnation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kanwar ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of growth regulators, explants and their interactions on in vitro shoot bud formation from callus was studied in <I>Dianthus caryophyllus</I> L. The leaf and internode explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. The highest callus induction was observed with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). Out of twenty seven shoot regeneration media tested, only 2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or indole acetic acid (IAA) could differentiate calli. The highest average number of shoots was observed with 2 mg/l TDZ and 1 mg/l IAA. Significant differences were observed in calli producing shoots and number of shoots per callus in the explants of leaf and internode. The shoots were elongated and multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and solidified with 1% agar. The shoots were rooted and hardened with 76% survival success in pots after six weeks of transfer to the pots.

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