Dates of Herbicide Application for Summer Weed Control in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Six herbicides were applied monthly from February to May for control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.]. Bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] applied in February or March controlled at least 70% of large crabgrass, whereas, treatments applied in April resulted in similar control at two of three locations. All herbicides failed to control large crabgrass when applied in May. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamide] controlled goosegrass for the full season when applied in March or April. Oxadiazon also controlled goosegrass when applied in May.

Frequency of Herbicide Treatments for Summer and Winter Weed Control in Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Wild Parsnip ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Four herbicides were applied in the spring and fall over a 3-yr period to Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis (L.) ‘Common′] in the Mountain Region and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ‘Common′] in the Piedmont Region of Georgia at different frequencies of treatments for summer and winter weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] was controlled throughout the 3-yr period from spring treatments of bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] at 11.2 kg/ha and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 4.5 kg/ha in the first year followed by 5.6 kg/ha for bensulide and 2.3 kg/ha for oxadiazon the following 2 yr. To control large crabgrass with benefin (N- butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) it was necessary to apply 3.4 kg/ha for 2 consecutive yr before rates could be reduced to 1.7 kg/ha. Oxadiazon was the only herbicide that controlled goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] completely. Control was excellent throughout the 3-yr period when oxadiazon was applied at full rate in the spring of the first year with no additional treatments during the following 2 yr. Optimum control of winter weeds was obtained throughout the 3-yr period when herbicides were applied at full rates for the spring and fall treatments the first year followed by one-half rates at similar dates the following 2 yr. Bensulide treatments increased cover of corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis L.) and hop clover (Trifolium agrarium L.); DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) and benefin increased spur weed (Soliva spp.) and wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.); and oxadiazon increased wild parsnip and thymeleaf sandwort (Arenaria serpyllifolia L.).

Turfgrass Tolerance and Weed Control with Methazole and Metribuzin

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] were evaluated in separate experiments for postemergence control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] and on tolerance of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.], St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’]. Methazole was also evaluated on tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Common’). Metribuzin applied at 0.6 kg/ha and methazole at 1.1 kg/ha as single treatments controlled 82 and 87% goosegrass, respectively. Repeated treatments were needed for similar control of large crabgrass. These treatments did not permanently injure bermudagrass or centipedegrass. St. Augustinegrass was severely injured when treated with single applications of methazole at 1.1 kg/ha or metribuzin at 0.6 kg/ha while Kentucky bluegrass was severely injured by methazole applied at any rate. Methazole caused moderate to severe injury to bermudagrass when applied at 2.2 kg/ha in each of two applications and to centipedegrass when applied at 4.4 kg/ha in each of two applications.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of14C-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Cassandra R. Mayhew ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of14C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT.

Interaction of 2,4-DB With Postemergence Graminicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas to determine if grass control is affected when postemergence-applied graminicides are mixed with 2,4-DB. Grass species evaluated included broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Mixing 2,4-DB with the graminicides reduced grass control 8 to 15% at five of 11 locations. The antagonism was not specific for a particular grass species or graminicide, and it was not restricted to grasses under adverse growing conditions. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours after graminicide application alleviated the antagonism. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours before the graminicides overcame the antagonism at three of the five locations.

Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy and Phytotoxicity in Grain Sorghum

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Brian L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies conducted from 2005 to 2007 in Kansas compared the effects of KIH-485 and flufenacet to acetochlor and s-metolachlor applied PRE in grain sorghum. All treatments were combined with 1.12 kg/ha of atrazine for broadleaf weed control. KIH-485 and flufenacet, each at one time (1×) and two times (2×) the labeled rates, controlled large crabgrass 55 to 76% in 2005 and 94% or more in 2006 and 2007. In 2005, all herbicides controlled shattercane less than 20%, and only KIH-485 at the 2× rate controlled shattercane more than 70% in 2006 and 2007. Averaged over herbicides, green foxtail was controlled 98% in 2005, 77% in 2006, and 79% in 2007. Most herbicides controlled foxtail 86% or more when averaged over experiments, however, s-metolachlor at 1×, flufenacet at either rate, or atrazine alone did not. Sorghum was not stunted with KIH-485 or flufenacet in two of seven experiments. However, sorghum growth was reduced 23 to 54% with the 2× rates of KIH-485, flufenacet, or acetochlor in four experiments. Compared to the weed free control, sorghum stand establishment was reduced 18% with the 2× rate of flufenacet at Colby in 2006. At Hays in 2005, stand reductions occurred with acetochlor or KIH-485 at the 2× rates and either rate of flufenacet. Averaged over experiments, grain yields were reduced 9 and 10% with KIH-485 and flufenacet at the 2× rates, respectively. Where precipitation was greatest during the 2 wk following herbicide application, weed control was the best with these herbicides, but sorghum injury was also greatest.

Sequential Herbicide Treatments for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were sequentially applied to common bermudagrass over a two-year period to determine the lowest herbicide rates required to maintain acceptable large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Large crabgrass control was consistently higher in late August when MSMA at 2.2 kg ha−1was applied to plots previously treated with dithiopyr at 0.3 kg ha−1(99%) in 1991, and either pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ha−1(95%) or oxadiazon at 1.1 kg ha−1(94%) in 1992 than when either herbicide was applied alone (≤ 79%). Goosegrass control was also higher in late August when MSMA plus metribuzin at 2.0 + 0.14 kg ha−1was applied to plots treated with pendimethalin at 1.7 kg ha−1(71%) in 1991, with oxadiazon at ≤ 2.2 kg ha−1(≤ 89%) in 1992, and with dithiopyr at 0.4 kg ha−1(≤ 96%) both years than when the herbicides were applied alone. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha−1applied alone as POST controlled ≥ 96% goosegrass throughout the two-year period.

scholarly journals Frequency of Drive (Quinclorac) Treatments on Common Bermudagrass Tolerance and on Large Crabgrass Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract When a postemergence (POST) herbicide is used to control large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], the herbicide should maintain optimum weed control for 8 to 10 weeks without causing undesirable injury to the turfgrass. A field experiment was conducted during 1993 and 1994 to determine the lowest rate of Drive (quinclorac) needed to control large crabgrass without causing undesirable injury to bermudagrass turf. Drive (quinclorac) applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) initially in early May and repeated at the same rate at a 2-week interval, controlled 85% large crabgrass for 16 weeks in 1993 and 70% for 10 weeks in 1994. The control in 1994 was 96% for 17 weeks when the herbicide was applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) in each of three applications on May 2, May 29, and June 13. The maximum bermudagrass injury in 1993 from Drive (quinclorac) applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) in each of two applications at 2- to 4-week interval was ≤ 27% compared to ≥ 33% when ≥ 0.56 kg ai/ha (≥ 0.5 lb ai/A) was applied as a single application. Bermudagrass treated initially with Drive (quinclorac) at 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) was injured higher in 1994 (≤ 35%) than in 1993 (≤ 14%). Bermudagrass injury was ≥ 40% when the second application was delayed until mid- to late June either year or when the herbicide was applied in three applications during May and June 1994.

scholarly journals Weed Control with Landscape Fabrics

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Bonnie Lee Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Six polypropylene landscape fabrics were compared with black plastic and preemergence herbicides for weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] shoots and roots and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) shoots penetrated all of the fabrics tested and developed into large plants. In greenhouse studies, black plastic plus mulch, and pennant (metolachlor) [2-chloro-N-(2ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb/A) plus mulch provided equal, or greater control of large crabgrass than the landscape fabrics. In the field study, more time was required to hand-weed landscape fabrics covered with mulch than uncovered fabrics. When covered with mulch, hand-weeding time and weed shoot fresh weights were similar for black plastic, surflan (oryzalin) [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A), and the landscape fabrics.

Interference and Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Southern Sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus) in Forage Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
And Control ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in central Alabama to evaluate competitiveness of large crabgrass and southern sandbur with ‘Tifton 78’ hybrid bermudagrass as influenced by diuron application and sprigging rate. Large crabgrass was the more competitive species. In late season, bermudagrass ground cover with no weed competition was 96% compared with 72 and 81% where large crabgrass and southern sandbur, respectively, were present. Similarly, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the cumulative harvested forage by at least 59 and 38%, respectively. Application of diuron preemergence (PRE) at 1.1 kg ai/ha was more effective than postemergence (POST) application, both in terms of weed control and bermudagrass safety. With diuron applied PRE, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the harvested forage only 32 and 25%, respectively. Increasing bermudagrass sprigging rate was beneficial for weed control but of relatively minor importance compared with diuron PRE.

Tank-Mixed Postemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A two-year experiment was conducted to determine if tank-mixes of postemergence (POST) herbicides would consistently control large crabgrass and goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf compared to herbicide alone treatments. Tank-mixes of MSMA plus quinclorac at 2.2 + 0.6 kg/ha effectively controlled large crabgrass (≥ 81%) for 10 to 11 weeks during 1993 and 1994. The control from MSMA plus dithiopyr at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha was higher during this period than when each herbicide was applied alone at the same rate. There was no increase in large crabgrass control from tank-mixes of MSMA and diclofop applied in a single application, when compared with two applications of MSMA applied at 2.2 kg/ha. Goosegrass control at 9 wk after tank-mixed treatments of MSMA (2.2 kg/ha) and diclofop (≥ 0.3 kg/ha) in 1994 was lower (12 to 28%) than when diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha was applied alone (85%). Tank-mixes of MSMA with quinclorac or dithiopyr did not control goosegrass. In general, common bermudagrass injury was no higher from herbicide combinations than when each was applied alone. An exception occurred at 1 wk after treatment in 1993 when common bermudagrass injury was higher from tank-mixes of MSMA plus diclofop at 2.2 + 1.1 kg/ha, than when either herbicide was applied alone.

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