Effects of Three Weed Residues on Weed and Crop Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Population Shift ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.) Nash # BRAPP has recently become the dominant annual grass in certain fields of the North Carolina Coastal Plains. Previously, fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] were the dominant annual grasses in the region. One of the possible reasons for the observed population shift could be production of inhibitors or stimulators by one species that affects the population dynamics of the other species. Studies were initiated to evaluate the effects of broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, and fall panicum residue, applied as a mulch or soil incorporated, on five indicator species: the three weeds themselves, corn (Zea maysL.), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. At expected residue levels, the degree of inhibition or stimulation from fall panicum and broadleaf signalgrass was determined to be significant for some indicator species. When such responses were seen, the amount of residue necessary to produce these results was usually within the concentrations normally observed in field situations. Based on these results, it appears that the observed population shift is partially mediated by the production of inhibitors or stimulators through plant residue. Other factors such as differential herbicide selectivity and crop rotation are being investigated.

Crop Rotation and Herbicide Effects on the Population Dynamics of Two Annual Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Rotation Sequence ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A 3-yr study was initiated in 1982 to determine the effects of herbicides and crop rotations on large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.) Nash # BRAPP] population dynamics. Regardless of the crop rotation sequence, broadleaf signalgrass immediately became the predominant weed where standard herbicide programs were used. Large crabgrass became the predominant species after two growing seasons if no herbicides were applied. Domination by large crabgrass appeared to be due to greater seed production. The domination by broadleaf signalgrass in plots treated with herbicides was attributed to its tolerance to the primary grass herbicide alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-methoxymethyl)acetamide]. Broadleaf signalgrass emergence from soil treated with 2.2 kg ai/ha was not statistically different from that in untreated soil, while large crabgrass and fall panicum [Panicum dichotomiflorum(L.) Michx. # PANDI] emergence was significantly reduced at the same rate.

Interaction of 2,4-DB With Postemergence Graminicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas to determine if grass control is affected when postemergence-applied graminicides are mixed with 2,4-DB. Grass species evaluated included broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Mixing 2,4-DB with the graminicides reduced grass control 8 to 15% at five of 11 locations. The antagonism was not specific for a particular grass species or graminicide, and it was not restricted to grasses under adverse growing conditions. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours after graminicide application alleviated the antagonism. Applying the 2,4-DB 24 hours before the graminicides overcame the antagonism at three of the five locations.

Factors Influencing Control of Annual Grasses with Sethoxydim or RO-13-8895

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon P. Chernicky ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
Tim R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Studies were conducted to measure the foliar activity of sethoxydim (BAS 9052 OH) {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[D-2-[p-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy] phenoxy] propionyl] oxime} as affected by adjuvants, soil moisture, and growth stage of grasses, and to compare the responses of three grass species to these herbicides. The activity of both herbicides was increased by adjuvants. The activity of sethoxydim was not significantly affected by soil moisture. Goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. ♯3ELEIN] and broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb. ♯ BRAPP) Nash] control was greater with RO-13-8895 at the high than at the low soil moisture level. Soil moisture did not influence large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA] control, since it was relatively tolerant to RO-13-8895. Both herbicides gave greater control at early than at late growth stages. When averaged over all variables, sethoxydim gave greater large crabgrass control than RO-13-8895, but RO-13-8895 gave greater goosegrass and broadleaf signalgrass control than sethoxydim.

Annual Grass Control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with Fluazifop, Sethoxydim, and Selected Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Byrd ◽  
Alan C. York
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
High Population ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

One and two postemergence (POE) applications of the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid} or sethoxydim (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} following preemergence (PRE) application of fluometuron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] urea} were compared to a preplant-incorporated (PPI) application of trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] or pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] plus fluometuron PRE or pendimethalin plus fluometuron PRE for annual grass control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) and net economic return to land, overhead, and management. One POE application of either fluazifop or sethoxydim following fluometuron PRE resulted in greater control of a high population of broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPP] and greater yield and net return than a PPI application of trifluralin or pendimethalin plus fluometuron PRE. A second application of fluazifop or sethoxydim increased late-season control but did not increase yield or net return. In a high population of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalisL. # DIGSA), fluometuron PRE plus two POE applications of fluazifop or sethoxydim resulted in grass control, lint yield, and net return similar to trifluralin or pendimethalin PPI plus fluometuron PRE. No differences in grass control, crop response, or net return were noted between PPI application of trifluralin or pendimethalin. Control of broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass with pendimethalin plus fluometuron PRE was less than with pendimethalin PPI plus fluometuron PRE. In fields with a low population of large crabgrass, fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI), and goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN], fluometuron PRE provided excellent season-long control. No benefits were obtained from addition of a grass herbicide. No treatments affected cotton maturity or fiber quality.

Influence of Application Variables on Antagonism Between Sethoxydim and Bentazon

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

The effects of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one} rate, order, and timing of sequential herbicide applications, and the addition of oil concentrate on sethoxydimbentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H-one 2,2-dioxide] antagonism were studied on broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.) Nash. ♯3BRAPP], fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. ♯ PANDI), and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA] in field experiments during 1980 and 1981. Tank-mixing bentazon with sethoxydim reduced control of these species compared to applications of sethoxydim alone. Sequential applications of the herbicides prevented the antagonism. Variations in time between and order of sequential applications had no consistent effect on efficacy. Increases in sethoxydim rate reduced the severity of the antagonism in some cases, while the addition of oil concentrate had no effect.

Postemergence Grass Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Thurman E. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Large Crabgrass

CGA 82725 {2-propynyl [2-[4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)] phenoxy] propanoate}, haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, and fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} were applied postemergence to Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], and broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.)Nash. # BRAPP] in peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner’). Fluazifop applied at 280 and 410 g ai/ha, sethoxydim at 340 g ai/ha, haloxyfop at 140 g ai/ha, and CGA 82725 at 280 g ai/ha usually gave better control when applied to annual grasses in the two- to four-leaf stage than when applied at the six- to eight-leaf stage. Higher rates of application were required to provide acceptable weed control at the later stage of growth. Peanut yields were usually higher following the early applications, indicating that timing of application is important in obtaining improved yields.

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