Economics and New Alternatives in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Weed Management Programs

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Nastasi ◽  
Robert Frans ◽  
Marilyn McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Grass Weed

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) to evaluate alternatives in grass weed management programs with the use of postemergence herbicides and to assess the economic potential for incorporating the new over-the-top grass weed herbicides into total cotton production practices. Twelve weed management systems using the grass herbicides sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} were compared to six standard systems. Differences in cotton production costs among the 18 systems were due to cost differences in total weed management. Equal or greater net return values were obtained when over-the-top herbicides followed fluometuron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea} preemergence or when these materials were applied twice compared to the over-the-top materials used in conjunction with trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] preplant incorporated or with directed postemergence materials. High net returns were the result of both high seed cotton yields and low total production costs.

scholarly journals Assessing the Economic Impact of Inversion Tillage, Cover Crops, and Herbicide Regimes in Palmer Amaranth(Amaranthus palmeri)Infested Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M. Duzy ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Kipling S. Balkcom ◽  
Jatinder S. Aulakh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Net Returns

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) producers in Alabama are faced with a rapidly expanding problem that decreases yields and increases production costs: herbicide-resistant weeds. Producers increasingly rely on integrated weed management strategies that raise production costs. This analysis evaluated how tillage, cover crops, and herbicide regime affected net returns above variable treatment costs (net returns) for cotton production in Alabama from 2009 to 2011 under pressure from Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.). Annual net returns were compared for two tillage treatments (inversion and noninversion tillage), three cover crops (crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatumL.], cereal rye [Secale cerealL.], and winter fallow), and three herbicide regimes (PRE, POST, and PRE+POST). Results indicate that under heavy Palmer amaranth population densities one year of inversion tillage followed by two years of noninversion tillage, along with a POST or PRE+POST herbicide application had the highest net returns in the first year; however, the economic benefit of inversion tillage, across all herbicide treatments, was nonexistent in 2010 and 2011. Cotton producers with Palmer amaranth infestations would likely benefit from cultural controls, in conjunction with herbicide applications, as part of their weed management system to increase net returns.

Evaluation and Adaptation of the HADSS®Computer Program in Texas Southern High Plains Cotton

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna L. Lyon ◽  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Field experiments were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate and adapt the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS®) program for Texas Southern High Plains cotton production. Weed management systems (in glyphosate-resistant, bromoxynil-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton varieties) included trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) followed by (fb) HADSS postemergence-topical (POST) recommendations (PPI fb POST HADSS), HADSS recommendations alone (POST HADSS), and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (TAES) recommendations for the Texas Southern High Plains. In both years, effective season-long weed control was achieved with all weed management systems in the glyphosate-resistant variety, but only the PPI fb POST HADSS and TAES weed management systems controlled Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw in the bromoxynil-resistant and nontransgenic varieties, compared with POST HADSS alone. No differences in cotton lint yield or net returns over weed control costs were observed with weed management systems across variety in 1999; however, in general, the glyphosate-resistant and nontransgenic varieties produced higher yields and net returns than the bromoxynil-resistant variety. In 2000, plots from the TAES weed management system produced higher lint yields than the plots of PPI fb POST HADSS recommendations in the glyphosate- and bromoxynil-resistant varieties, but plots of all management systems yielded similarly in the nontransgenic variety. In 2000, plots from the TAES system produced the highest net returns in the glyphosate- and bromoxynil-resistant varieties. In the nontransgenic variety, the PPI fb POST HADSS and TAES weed management systems produced higher net returns over weed control costs than the POST HADSS system.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPACING AND PRUNING ON ECONOMIC RETURNS OF STAKED TOMATOES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075G-1075
Author(s):  
Jeanine M. Davis ◽  
Edmund A. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Market Pressures

Stable prices and increased competitive market pressures have caused many staked tomato producers to examine the costs and benefits of adopting intensive production practices such as drip irrigation and plastic mulch. Inclusion of these practices with traditional growing practices often results in a total production cost in excess of $10,000 per acre. In 1988 and 1989, field studies were conducted in western North Carolina to determine if changes in plant spacing and pruning could reduce production costs, increase yields of large fruit and improve grower net returns from staked tomatoes (c. Mountain Pride). Combined data indicated that the greatest early season yields were obtained using early pruning (when suckers were 2-4 inches long) and in-row spacings of 18 inches or less. Net returns per acre were greatest when: 1) plants were pruned early and spaced closely in-row, which increased high priced early season yields and 2) plants were spaced 30 inches apart and either pruned early or not pruned, which increased total season yields. Non-pruned plants had lower yields of Jumbo and Extra Large size fruit, but higher total yields than pruned plants.

Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) Response to DPX-PE350 Applied Postemergence

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Marilyn R. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Over The Top

Field experiments were conducted from 1989 through 1991 to determine the effect of DPX-PE350 applied postemergence over-the-top on cotton yield and fiber quality. DPX-PE350, at rates ranging from 50 to 280 g ae ha−1applied to cotton in the VC to R6 growth stages, had no adverse effect on seed cotton yield, micronaire, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, or fiber strength. Cotton injury was 10% or less in all experiments.

scholarly journals Row Pattern and Weed Management Effects on Peanut Production1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Management Effects

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1981 through 1983 on a Dothan sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudults) at Headland, Alabama, to investigate the effects of row patterns and weed management systems on weed control, peanut yield, and net returns to land and management. Treatments consisted of three row patterns, a) conventional 91-cm rows, b) dual twin 18-cm rows, and c) triple twin 18-cm rows, and six weed management systems ranging from none to various combinations of herbicide and mechanical inputs. The experimental area was naturally infested with bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Results showed that weed control was affected somewhat by row patterns with broadleaf weeds being more responsive to row pattern manipulation than grass weeds. Weed fresh weights were generally lower as row patterns narrowed from conventional 91-cm spacing, however exceptions did occur. Highest yields and net returns were obtained when peanuts were planted in the dual twin 18-cm rows and weed management included benefin applied preplant incorporated, plus alachlor applied preemergence, and two timely cultivations.

Comparison of Weed Management Programs for Furrow-Irrigated and Flooded Hybrid Rice Production in Arkansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.

Efficacy and Economy of Weed Management Systems for Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and Morningglory (Ipomoeaspp.) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Vencill ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
C. Dale Monks
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, Midville, and Athens, GA to determine economic net returns from PRE-broadcast, PRE-banded, POST, and POST-directed herbicide treatments and inter-row cultivation in conventional-tillage soybean. Metribuzin applied PRE-broadcast was more effective for sicklepod and morningglory control than PRE-banded. Soybean net returns were not significantly reduced in two of three years in plots treated with metribuzin applied PRE-banded compared with broadcast application. The addition of POST or POST-directed herbicides increased treatment net returns over PRE-broadcast and PRE-banded metribuzin two of the three years of the study. No significant soybean injury was observed.

Weed Management in No-Tillage Bromoxynil-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Culpepper ◽  
Alan C. York
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cotton Fiber Quality ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Over The Top

An experiment was conducted at four locations in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control, cotton yield, fiber quality, and net returns in no-tillage bromoxynil-tolerant cotton. The experiment focused on using bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium applied early POST over-the-top as alternatives to fluometuron plus MSMA applied early POST directed. Fluometuron plus MSMA was more effective than bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium on tall morningglory, large crabgrass, goosegrass, and broadleaf signalgrass. Bromoxynil and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta and more effective than pyrithiobac sodium. Pyrithiobac sodium and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on smooth pigweed and Palmer amaranth and more effective than bromoxynil. Prickly sida control by bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium was equal to or greater than control by fluometuron plus MSMA. All early POST herbicides controlled pitted morningglory similarly. Regardless of the early POST herbicides used, fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed increased control of most weeds and increased cotton yield and net returns. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium effectively substituted for fluometuron plus MSMA only in systems that included fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed. Effects of herbicide systems on cotton fiber quality were minor.

Evaluation and Economics of a Machine-Vision Guided Cultivation Program in Broccoli and Lettuce

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Laura Tourte ◽  
John S. Rachuy ◽  
Richard F. Smith ◽  
Christina George
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Guidance Systems ◽  
Hand Weeding

Machine-vision cultivator guidance systems are commercially available to growers, but little work has been done to determine if these guidance systems can improve integrated weed management systems in vegetable crops. Studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in broccoli and lettuce to evaluate band-applied DCPA or pronamide, respectively, and four noncultivated bands ranging from 5.1 to 12.7 cm. DCPA or pronamide were applied in bands centered on the seed line at 0, 7.6 or 12.7 cm wide. A commercial machine-vision system was used to guide a commercial cultivator. Generally, weed densities and hand-weeding times were less where the DCPA band in broccoli or the pronamide band in lettuce were 7.6 or 12.7 cm wide compared to no herbicide. Weed densities were lowest in both crops where the noncultivated band width was 5.1 cm compared to 12.7-cm noncultivated bands. For broccoli in both 2005 and 2006, net returns above production costs were generally higher in the 7.6- and 12.7-cm-wide DCPA bands compared with the no-herbicide band. In lettuce in both years, the no-pronamide treatment had higher net returns, when compared with the 7.6- and 12.7-cm pronamide bands. Lettuce yields and higher net returns in the no-pronamide treatment compared to the 7.6- and 12.7-cm pronamide bands may be due to slight yield reduction from pronamide. Results suggest that pronamide was not needed during the dry months of the year when weed management tools such as hand-weeding and cultivation work very well. However, in periods of rainy weather when cultivation and hand-weeding are not possible, then pronamide would likely provide the greatest economic benefit. Given the large impact of cultivation on vegetable weed management programs, the greatest potential benefit of machine-vision guided cultivators is if they facilitate more timely and effective cultivation.

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