Leaching and Degradation ofdl-Strigol in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew I. Hsiao ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham ◽  
Donald E. Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Striga Asiatica ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
Loam Soil

Leaching ofdl-strigol at six rates between 0.3 and 4.5 kg/ha through columns of sandy loam soil was estimated using a witchweed [Striga asiatica(L.) Kuntze # STRLU] germination bioassay. After 21 days of leaching daily with 1.27 cm of simulated rainfall, about 86% of the applied chemical remained in the top 2.5 cm of the soil, about 6% in the zone between 2.5 and 7.5 cm, and less than 1% in the soil at depths between 7.5 and 30 cm. However, even with the lowest rate of the chemical application, sufficientdl-strigol was leached to a soil depth between 22.5 and 30 cm to cause most, if not all, of the witchweed seeds to germinate. These results suggest thatdl-strigol has a potential for use as an effective tool for a witchweed control or eradication program. No significant degradation of the chemical occurred in moist soil during the 21-day period.

Effects of exchangeable sodium on crusting behavior of a sandy loam soil

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
DK Painuli ◽  
IP Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Crusting ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Crust Strength

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, to evaluate the effect of exchangeable sodium (ES), amount of water applied, and evaporation and temperature conditions at drying on the crusting behaviour of a sandy loam soil. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) ranged from 5.8 to 30.7 in the field and from 6 to 60 in the greenhouse studies. Soil crusting behaviour was evaluated in terms of crust strength measured by a simulated seedling emergence technique. Water was applied as natural or simulated rainfall. Crust strength increased with ESP, amount of water applied, and temperature, but decreased with increasing evaporation demand. This change in crust strength was steep above ESP 30. Although drying of the crust increased its strength, beyond a certain degree of dryness the disappearance of water films surrounding the soil particles reduced strength for low ESP soils.

Influence of Soil Moisture on Phytotoxicity of Cinmethylin to Various Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Russell ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Dry Soil

Field trials were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of moisture on cinmethylin activity. The herbicide was applied preemergence at rates of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ai ha−1to both dry and moist sandy loam soil, followed by varying irrigation regimes. Plant species used in the study included soybean, snap bean, cotton, peanut, and cucumber. Peanut was the most tolerant to cinmethylin, followed by cotton, soybean, snap bean, and cucumber. When cinmethylin was applied to a moist soil, less crop injury resulted than when it was applied to a dry soil. If 7.6 cm of water was applied shortly after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, severe crop injury occurred. When 2.5 cm of irrigation was applied within 8 h or at 5 days after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, crop injury was reduced when compared to applying 7.6 cm irrigation.

Movement of nitrogen in a sandy loam soil under a continuous maize-wheat cropping system

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
R. K. Setia ◽  
K. N. Sharma ◽  
V. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
N Status

Nitrogen (N) movement in the soil resulting from the long-term application of fertilizer N is an environmental concern when it reaches the groundwater. The distribution of N in the profile of an alkaline sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustept) and its relationship with N uptake by plants was studied after 22 years of continuous cultivation in an annual crop rotation involving maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil samples were collected to a depth of 1.2 m from the 0-0.15, 0.15-0.30, 0.30-0.45, 0.45-0.60, 0.60-0.90 and 0.90-1.20 m layers and analysed for alkaline KMnO4­-oxidisable N (available N) and mineral N (NH4-N and NO3-N). The continuous addition of increasing levels of N resulted in an increase in N content, whereas the combined application of N, P and K caused a decline in its availability. Mineral N (2 M KCl-extractable NH4-N and NO3-N) was the lowest in the N120P35K33.2 treatment plot. The available N and NH4-N decreased with increasing soil depth. However, variations in NO3-N concentration due to differential rates of fertilizer application were observed only to a depth of 0.45 m. This effect was more pronounced in the N180P17.5K33.2 plot. Regression equations were used to predict N uptake by wheat using the N status in different soil layers as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the predictability of the relationship between N uptake and available N improved considerably when its status to a soil depth of 0.45 m was included. In the case of NH4-N, a noticeable increase in the coefficient of determination (R2) occurred to a depth of 0.90 m. The R2 value of NO3-N with the N uptake by wheat was quite low in the top layers (to a depth of 0.30 m). However, an increase in the R2 value was observed when lower depths (beyond 0.30 m) were included in the regression analysis, suggesting that the inclusion of subsoil N status is important to achieve better and profitable N supply systems in crop production.

Corrigenda - Effects of exchangeable sodium on crusting behavior of a sandy loam soil

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
DK Painuli ◽  
IP Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Crusting ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Crust Strength

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, to evaluate the effect of exchangeable sodium (ES), amount of water applied, and evaporation and temperature conditions at drying on the crusting behaviour of a sandy loam soil. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) ranged from 5.8 to 30.7 in the field and from 6 to 60 in the greenhouse studies. Soil crusting behaviour was evaluated in terms of crust strength measured by a simulated seedling emergence technique. Water was applied as natural or simulated rainfall. Crust strength increased with ESP, amount of water applied, and temperature, but decreased with increasing evaporation demand. This change in crust strength was steep above ESP 30. Although drying of the crust increased its strength, beyond a certain degree of dryness the disappearance of water films surrounding the soil particles reduced strength for low ESP soils.

scholarly journals Influence of Sources of Organic Manures on Availability of Micronutrients to Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana, Gaertn) in Alfisal

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Vijay C. Kumar ◽  
G. N. Gajanana ◽  
B. Basavaraj
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Extractable Micronutrients

Field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil to know the periodic changes in DTPA extractable micro nutrients Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn with different sources of organic manures in conjunction with fertilizer were studied at 0-15 cm soil depth during finger mil;let growth. Application of organics alone or in combination with fertilizers significantly increased DTPA extractable micro nutrients when compared to NPK alone. Among the organic sources Farmyard Manure treated soil recorded maximum DTPA extractable micronutrients Zn,Fe,Cu, and Mn when compared to Green leaf manure and Vermicompost. With intensive cropping of high analysis fertilizer, soils are becoming deficient in micronutrients. Although some work has been reported in Punjab and other states on the effect of different sources of organic manures on the building up of nutrients and yield of crops, very little work has been done with respect to micro nutrient elements. The present studies were conducted to know the effect of different sources of organic manures on Micro nutrient availability in sandy loam soil in finger millet crop.

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
M. Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis ◽  
Brian K. Richards ◽  
Murray B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Lithium Transport ◽  
Loam Soil
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