Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Thiobencarb in Two Lettuce,Lactuca sativa, Cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Reiners ◽  
Stanley F. Gorski ◽  
J. J. Victor Desouza

Two lettuce cultivars exhibiting differential levels of tolerance to thiobencarb in soil and nutrient solution assays were examined. Seedlings of ‘Dark Green Boston’ (BOS), a susceptible cultivar, were found to show significant inhibitions in foliar growth compared to the tolerant ‘Great Lakes 366’ (GLA). Reductions of 57% occurred in BOS leaf dry weights at rates of 3 μM thiobencarb as soon as 4 days after treatment. In addition, growth abnormalities including fused leaves were observed in the BOS cultivar, indicating inhibition early in leaf development at the meristem. Twenty-nine and 22% of applied14C-thiobencarb was absorbed from nutrient solution by BOS and GLA, respectively. This difference is probably due to BOS having a 50% greater root system at the time of treatment. Greater absorption and accumulation of radioactivity in the leaves, as well as significantly greater amounts of parent14C-thiobencarb in the foliage of BOS compared to GLA (30 and 19%, respectively) may account for the selectivity observed. Metabolism of14C-thiobencarb occurred within 1 day in both cultivars, with the apparent production of herbicide conjugates accounting for more than 90% of the extracted radiolabel 12 days after treatment. A thiobencarb sulfoxide metabolite was not identified in these studies, indicating sulfoxide production is not a mechanism of selectivity in lettuce.

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley Marcos Nascimento

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination is strongly temperature dependent and under high temperatures, germination of most of genotypes can be erratic or completely inhibited. Lettuce seeds of 'Dark Green Boston' (DGB) were incubated at temperatures ranging from 15° to 35°C at light and dark conditions. Other seeds were imbibed in dark at 20°; 25°; 30°; and 35°C for 8 and 16 hours and then transferred to 20 or 35°C, in dark. Seeds were also incubated at constant temperature of 20° and 35 °C, in the dark, as control. In another treatment, seeds were primed for 3 days at 15°C with constant light. DGB lettuce seeds required light to germinate adequately at temperatures above 25°C. Seeds incubated at 20°C had 97% germination, whereas seeds incubated at 35°C did not germinate. Seeds imbibed at 20°C for 8 and 16 hours had germination. At 35°C, seeds imbibed initially at 20°C for 8 and 16 hours, had 89 and 97% germination, respectively. Seeds imbibed at 25°C for 16 hours, germinated satisfactory at 35°C. High temperatures of imbibition led to no germination. Primed and non-primed seeds had 100% germination at 20°C. Primed seeds had 100% germination at 35°C, whereas non-primed seeds germinate only 4%. The first hours of imbibition are very critical for lettuce seed germination at high temperatures.


Author(s):  
E.M. Hulzebos ◽  
D.M.M. Adema ◽  
E.M. Dirven-van Breemen ◽  
L. Henzen ◽  
W.A. van Dis ◽  
...  

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Fabio Tayrone Oliveira de Freitas ◽  
Tales Miler Soares ◽  
Mairton Gomes da Silva ◽  
Maria Raphaela Severo Rafael

CULTIVO DE ALFACE SOB INTERVALOS DE RECIRCULAÇÕES DAS SOLUÇÕES NUTRITIVAS EM SISTEMAS HIDROPÔNICOS USANDO ÁGUA SALOBRA     FABIO TAYRONE OLIVEIRA DE FREITAS1; TALES MILER SOARES1; MAIRTON GOMES DA SILVA1 E MARIA RAPHAELA SEVERO RAFAEL2   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Núcleo de Engenharia de Água e Solo, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia-UFRB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 - Campus Universitário, CEP: 44380-000, Cruz das Almas-BA, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco-UNIVASF, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510 Country Club, CEP: 48.902-300, Juazeiro-BA, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o crescimento e a produção da alface usando água salobra sob diferentes intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas em sistemas hidropônicos. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos concomitantemente em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Três cultivares de alface (‘Gloriosa’, ‘Robusta’ e ‘Tainá’) foram cultivadas no mesmo canal hidropônico, sob as seguintes interações: dois sistemas hidropônicos (NFT – técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes e DFT – técnica do fluxo profundo, ambos em tubos de PVC) e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água – CEa (0,3 e 5,3 dS m–1), no Experimento I; no Experimento II, os mesmos dois níveis de CEa e três intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas (0,25; 2 e 4 h), apenas no sistema DFT. No Experimento I, em geral, os sistemas hidropônicos não promoveram mudanças significativas nas variáveis de crescimento e produção das alfaces. Para o Experimento II, foi viável adotar intervalos de recirculações das soluções de até 2 h (cultivar ‘Robusta’) e 4 h (cultivares ‘Gloriosa’ e ‘Tainá’) no sistema DFT em tubos. De modo geral, apesar das reduções no crescimento e produção da alface utilizando-se água salobra (CEa 5,3 dS m–1), não houve depreciação da qualidade visual do produto para comercialização.   Palavras-chave: Lactuca sativa L., cultivo sem solo, oxigênio dissolvido, salinidade, temperatura da solução nutritiva.     FREITAS, F. T. O.; SOARES, T. M.; SILVA, M. G.; RAFAEL, M. R. S. LETTUCE CULTIVATION UNDER DIFFERENT RECIRCULATION INTERVALS OF THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS USING BRACKISH WATER     2 ABSTRACT   This study aimed to evaluate the growth and production of lettuce using brackish water under different recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution in hydroponic systems. Two experiments were conducted concomitantly, in a randomized block design with five replicates. Three lettuce cultivars (Gloriosa, Robusta and Tainá) were grown in the same hydroponic channel, under the following interactions: between two hydroponic systems (NFT – Nutrient Film Technique and DFT – Deep Flow Technique, both in PVC tubes) and two levels of electrical conductivity of water – ECw (0.3 and 5.3 dS m–1), in Experiment I; in Experiment II, between the same two levels of ECw (0.3 and 5.3 dS m–1) and three recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution (0.25, 2 and 4 h), only in the DFT system. In Experiment I, in general, hydroponic systems caused no significant changes in the growth and production variables of lettuce. For Experiment II, it was viable to adopt recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution of up to 2 h (cultivar Robusta) and 4 h (cultivars Gloriosa and Tainá) in the DFT system in tubes. Generally, despite the reductions in growth and production of lettuce using brackish water (ECw 5.3 dS m–1), but without deleterious effects on the visual quality of the product for commercialization.   Keywords: Lactuca sativa L., soilless cultivation, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nutrient solution temperature.


1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Greenway ◽  
MG Pitman

Measurements have been made both on the uptake of potassium and potassium isotope from a nutrient solution and their redistribution within barley plants. During the experimental period the seedlings had three leaves which represented different stages in leaf development, i.e. from the mature to the rapidly developing stage.


1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Johnson

`Vates' collard (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group) was more susceptible to tipburn than `Blue Max' or “Heavi Crop' in field and nutrient solution culture experiments. The root system of Vates' was smaller than that of `Blue Max' in all experiments. Because of its smaller root system, `Vates' may be more susceptible to moisture stress than `Blue Max' when grown under high-temperature conditions on sandy soils, thus increasing susceptibility to tipburn. Root system size, however, did not influence Ca accumulation or Ca concentration in the plants. Calcium accumulation rate was higher for `Blue Max' and `Heavi Crop' than for Yates' during the 3rd through the 5th weeks of culture, in a nutrient solution that contained 5 mM Ca. Calcium efficiency ratio (CaER, milligrams of dry matter produced per milligram of Ca in tissue) for young leaves was higher for `Blue Max' and `Heavi Crop' than “for `Vates' when plants were grown with 1 mM Ca, which may partly explain the greater susceptibility of `Vates' to tipburn. `Heavi Crop' had a higher total plant CaER than `Blue Max' when grown with 5 mM Ca.


HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 881C-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Hayes* ◽  
Ed Ryder ◽  
Bert Robinson

Big vein (BV) disease of lettuce is caused by soil borne fungal vectored viruses, and reduces marketability through head deformation. Tolerant cultivars reduce BV frequency, but no resistant cultivars exist. L. virosa L. is highly resistance. The objectives were to 1) determine if L. virosa P.I.s exhibit variation for resistance, and 2) determine if resistance is transferable to lettuce. Seedlings were inoculated with root macerate of BV infected plants, transplanted to BV infested soil, and greenhouse grown for 3 months. Twelve plants in each of 1,2, or 3 reps of Great Lakes 65 (GL65-susceptible), Pavane (Pav-tolerant), L. virosa (11 accessions), and BC1 F2 through F5 families of lettuce cultivars x L. virosa accession IVT280 were tested. The percentage of BV afflicted plants was recorded. In hybrid families, BV free plants from tolerant families were selected and advanced. No BV was found in L. virosa. Variation for tolerance was observed in BC1 F2 and F3 families; 33% had greater tolerance than Pav (17% afflicted). Additional tests identified 11 BC1 F3 families (14%) with greater tolerance than Pav (42% afflicted). Subsequent BC1 F4 and F5 generations however, were more susceptible than Pav. Lactuca virosa is highly resistant, but resistance did not transfer to hybrid progeny. Variation for tolerance was observed in BC1 F2 and F3 families, but later generations were susceptible. Interactions or linkage of genes for developmental processes and BV resistance may hinder introgression. Introgression will continue using congruity backcrossing and a greater diversity of L. virosa.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document