Response of Three Annual Grasses to Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Thomas J. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass

In greenhouse studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied preemergence at 0.035 kg ai/ha gave 91% control of goosegrass (Eleusine indicaGaertn. ♯ ELEIN), 79% control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA], and 73% control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA). In field studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.56 kg ai/ha applied preemergence gave 79% control of goosegrass, 76% control of large crabgrass, and 53% control of giant foxtail. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.07 kg/ha gave 79 to 85% control of each grass at the pretillering stage in field studies. The same rate applied at the early tillering stage gave 84% control of goosegrass but only 53 and 58% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively. Relative species response was similar from spray and leaf-spot applications of the herbicide. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 4 μg/plant when spot-applied to leaves of the three grasses at the tillering stage resulted in 65% control of goosegrass but only 20 and 25% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively.

Uptake and Translocation of Fluazifop by Three Annual Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Thomas J. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Species Translocation ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The butyl ester of fluazifop {[(±)-2-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy)propanoic acid} at 0.26 μM in nutrient solution inhibited root growth of hydroponically grown goosegrass (Eleusine indicaGaertn. ♯ ELEIN), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA], and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA). Treating the soil and plant foliage at 0.035 or 0.07 kg ai/ha did not result in greater phytotoxicity than exposing only the foliage of each grass to the herbicide. Foliar-applied fluazifop was retained on the foliage in similar amounts by each of the species. Translocation of14C to all plant parts was detected 6 h after foliar application of the butyl ester of14C-fluazifop to the grasses in the pretillering or tillering stage. The majority (90%) of14C absorbed by each of the species remained in the treated leaf. In hydroponic studies, each species exuded14C into nutrient solution following foliar application of the14C-labeled herbicide. The exuded material was predominantly fluazifop with small amounts of compounds more polar than the butyl ester of fluazifop. Uptake and translocation studies suggest that the greater sensitivity of goosegrass to fluazifop may be related to higher concentrations of the herbicide present in plant tissue.

Tridiphane as a Synergist for Herbicides in Corn (Zea mays) and Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Ezra ◽  
Jack H. Dekker ◽  
Gerald R. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] is a potent synergist of atrazine for postemergence control of weeds such as giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA]. We determined whether: a) tridiphane could syngergize the activity of other herbicides known to be detoxified via enzymatic conjugation to glutathione, and b) differential toxicities of the synergized herbicides could provide control of proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. ♯ PANMI) in corn (Zea maysL. “PAG SXIII”). Four herbicides were used in this study: EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], CDAA (N-N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]. Herbicides and herbicide-synergist combinations were applied postemergence. In corn, tridiphane synergized the activity of EPTC at 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, causing 22 to 25% growth reduction. Atrazine was ineffective and CDAA only slightly effective in combination with tridiphane in causing growth reduction. However, alachlor was markedly synergized by tridiphane at both 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, resulting in 36 to 54% growth reduction compared with plants treated with herbicides alone. Proso millet followed a similar trend to corn: EPTC and alachlor were effectively synergized by tridiphane, while atrazine and CDAA were ineffective. Importantly, however, the rates of herbicide used for proso millet control were much lower than those used for corn. Our data suggest that tridiphane used in combination with EPTC or alachlor could provide improved control of proso millet in corn.

Consecutive Annual Applications of Alachlor and Metolachlor to Continuous No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peyton Doub ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Consecutive annual applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were made to continuous no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ in 1982 and 1983, ‘Pioneer 3744’ in 1984, and ‘Pioneer 3378’ in 1985 to 1987). In a 5-yr study, control of the dominant annual grass species, large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], by alachlor declined to less than 50% by the fifth year. Control of large crabgrass by metolachlor remained greater than 80% throughout the study but metolachlor allowed the establishment of a greater fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI) population in this and an additional 3-yr study than in chloroacetamide-free checks. In the 3-yr study in which giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) was dominant, annual applications of metolachlor and a microencapsulated formulation of alachlor provided better control in the second year than the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of alachlor, but formulation differences diminished in the third year.

Factors Influencing Control of Annual Grasses with Sethoxydim or RO-13-8895

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon P. Chernicky ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
Tim R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Studies were conducted to measure the foliar activity of sethoxydim (BAS 9052 OH) {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[D-2-[p-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy] phenoxy] propionyl] oxime} as affected by adjuvants, soil moisture, and growth stage of grasses, and to compare the responses of three grass species to these herbicides. The activity of both herbicides was increased by adjuvants. The activity of sethoxydim was not significantly affected by soil moisture. Goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. ♯3ELEIN] and broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb. ♯ BRAPP) Nash] control was greater with RO-13-8895 at the high than at the low soil moisture level. Soil moisture did not influence large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA] control, since it was relatively tolerant to RO-13-8895. Both herbicides gave greater control at early than at late growth stages. When averaged over all variables, sethoxydim gave greater large crabgrass control than RO-13-8895, but RO-13-8895 gave greater goosegrass and broadleaf signalgrass control than sethoxydim.

Interaction of Acifluorfen with Fluazifop for Annual Grass Control

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Godley ◽  
Lynn M. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Large Crabgrass

In field and greenhouse studies, tank mixing 0.3 and 0.4 kg ai/ha of the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} with 0.4 kg ai/ha of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} reduced control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltataL.f. # ROOEX) compared to fluazifop applied alone in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Less antagonism between the two herbicides was observed in a year when conditions were optimum for large crabgrass control with fluazifop. Application of acifluorfen 1 to 3 days before application of fluazifop decreased large crabgrass control. Antagonism between fluazifop and acifluorfen was avoided when fluazifop was applied 3 to 5 days before acifluorfen. No antagonism was observed when fluazifop at 0.3 or 0.4 kg/ha was tank mixed with acifluorfen at 0.4 kg/ha for control of itchgrass. Itchgrass was more susceptible to fluazifop than large crabgrass.

Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control during Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
R. L. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Residual Control ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] applied early enough for large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] control provided full season goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] control during bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Midiron’ and ‘Tufcoat’] establishment from sod strips. Prosulfalin {N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine}, DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] and bensulide [0,0-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] gave full season goosegrass control in well-established Midiron bermudagrass, but not during the initial establishment period where open bare soil was present. Napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] provided long term residual control of goosegrass with some interference with rooting of bermudagrass from stolon nodes. Winter survival of Midiron bermudagrass was superior to Tufcoat bermudagrass. Controlling annual grasses permitted superior bermudagrass growth, and winter survival was improved tremendously. Postemergence goosegrass control was obtained with MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) and methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] when repeated several times during the season. A mixture of MSMA and methazole was superior to either used alone. The rate of bermudagrass establishment was increased through the control of goosegrass with herbicides.

Postemergence Grass Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Thurman E. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla ◽  
Large Crabgrass

CGA 82725 {2-propynyl [2-[4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)] phenoxy] propanoate}, haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, and fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} were applied postemergence to Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], and broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.)Nash. # BRAPP] in peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner’). Fluazifop applied at 280 and 410 g ai/ha, sethoxydim at 340 g ai/ha, haloxyfop at 140 g ai/ha, and CGA 82725 at 280 g ai/ha usually gave better control when applied to annual grasses in the two- to four-leaf stage than when applied at the six- to eight-leaf stage. Higher rates of application were required to provide acceptable weed control at the later stage of growth. Peanut yields were usually higher following the early applications, indicating that timing of application is important in obtaining improved yields.

scholarly journals Weed Interference in Container-grown `San Jose' Juniper

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Kandy L. Walker ◽  
David J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Experiments in two consecutive years indicated that barnyardgrass (Echirzochloa crusgalli L.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) reduced growth of container-grown `San Jose' juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `San Jose') 83 days after transplanting grass seedlings into the containers. Grass densities of one to six weeds per container reduced `San Jose' juniper growth. By 83 days of grass interference, juniper shoot dry weight was reduced as much as 43% by six weeds per container.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of14C-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Cassandra R. Mayhew ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of14C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT.

Annual Grass Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with Postemergence Graminicides

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted during 1982 to 1988 in Virginia to evaluate BAS 517, CGA 82725, clethodim, cloproxydim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, paraquat, quizalofop, SC-1084, sethoxydim, sethoxydim plus thifensulfuron, and terbacil for control of annual grasses in alfalfa. Herbicides were applied to alfalfa and grasses 2 to 30 cm in height after the first and/or second cuttings. Overall, the herbicides were highly effective in controlling fall panicum, giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass. Alfalfa yields were not increased with herbicide treatments in several experiments. Only paraquat, applied later than recommended after cutting in one experiment, and sethoxydim plus thifensulfuron at one location reduced alfalfa yields.

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