Uptake and Translocation of Fluazifop by Three Annual Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Thomas J. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Species Translocation ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The butyl ester of fluazifop {[(±)-2-[4-[[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy)propanoic acid} at 0.26 μM in nutrient solution inhibited root growth of hydroponically grown goosegrass (Eleusine indicaGaertn. ♯ ELEIN), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA], and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA). Treating the soil and plant foliage at 0.035 or 0.07 kg ai/ha did not result in greater phytotoxicity than exposing only the foliage of each grass to the herbicide. Foliar-applied fluazifop was retained on the foliage in similar amounts by each of the species. Translocation of14C to all plant parts was detected 6 h after foliar application of the butyl ester of14C-fluazifop to the grasses in the pretillering or tillering stage. The majority (90%) of14C absorbed by each of the species remained in the treated leaf. In hydroponic studies, each species exuded14C into nutrient solution following foliar application of the14C-labeled herbicide. The exuded material was predominantly fluazifop with small amounts of compounds more polar than the butyl ester of fluazifop. Uptake and translocation studies suggest that the greater sensitivity of goosegrass to fluazifop may be related to higher concentrations of the herbicide present in plant tissue.

Response of Three Annual Grasses to Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Thomas J. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass

In greenhouse studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied preemergence at 0.035 kg ai/ha gave 91% control of goosegrass (Eleusine indicaGaertn. ♯ ELEIN), 79% control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA], and 73% control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA). In field studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.56 kg ai/ha applied preemergence gave 79% control of goosegrass, 76% control of large crabgrass, and 53% control of giant foxtail. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.07 kg/ha gave 79 to 85% control of each grass at the pretillering stage in field studies. The same rate applied at the early tillering stage gave 84% control of goosegrass but only 53 and 58% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively. Relative species response was similar from spray and leaf-spot applications of the herbicide. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 4 μg/plant when spot-applied to leaves of the three grasses at the tillering stage resulted in 65% control of goosegrass but only 20 and 25% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively.

Annual Grass Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with Postemergence Graminicides

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted during 1982 to 1988 in Virginia to evaluate BAS 517, CGA 82725, clethodim, cloproxydim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, paraquat, quizalofop, SC-1084, sethoxydim, sethoxydim plus thifensulfuron, and terbacil for control of annual grasses in alfalfa. Herbicides were applied to alfalfa and grasses 2 to 30 cm in height after the first and/or second cuttings. Overall, the herbicides were highly effective in controlling fall panicum, giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass. Alfalfa yields were not increased with herbicide treatments in several experiments. Only paraquat, applied later than recommended after cutting in one experiment, and sethoxydim plus thifensulfuron at one location reduced alfalfa yields.

Surface Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Residues, Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi), and Soybean (Glycine max) Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribas A. Vidal ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to determine the effect of 0 to 12 Mg ha−1of surface wheat residues (SWR) on giant foxtail density and crown node length, and soybean yield. Giant foxtail density decreased as SWR increased from 0 to 12 Mg ha−1. SWR of 6 to 12 Mg ha−1reduced giant foxtail density by 2 to 50 % compared to bare soil. The crown node of giant foxtail was 2 cm above the soil surface with 12 Mg ha−1of SWR. Frost in 1992 injured soybean more than weeds in plots with SWR while soybean in soil with no SWR was not injured. In absence of frost in 1993 and 1994, yield of weedy soybean increased 20 to 29%, respectively, with the increase of SWR from 0 to 6 Mg ha−1. In weed-free plots, soybean yield was similar across all SWR levels. These results confirm the hypothesis that high levels of SWR increased soybean yield in weedy plots because of decreased giant foxtail infestation.

Factors Influencing Fluorochloridone Activity in No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Carry Over

Application time did not greatly influence control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) or common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) in no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3747’) with fluorochloridone {3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-2-pyrrolidinone}. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) control was reduced as much as 25% by 90 days after planting when fluorochloridone was applied early preplant rather than preemergence. Fluorochloridone at 0.8 kg/ha applied preplant or preemergence gave 83% or greater control of common lambsquarters and giant foxtail for the entire growing season. However, velvetleaf control with the same treatments was 61% or less. Fluorochloridone caused minimal corn injury. Greenhouse bioassay indicated that fluorochloridone may carry over and injure soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr.] the year after application. Imbibition of fluorochloridone by seed of corn and giant foxtail did not reduce germination at concentrations up to 10-3M. Giant foxtail seedling fresh weight was reduced 80% following imbibition of 10-5M fluorochloridone. Corn seedling fresh weight was not reduced by imbibition of up to 10-4M fluorochloridone.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Bentazon in Sunflower (Helianthus annum)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Irons ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thinlayer Chromatography ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Addition of a surfactant (alkylaryl polyglycol ether) increased the rate and quantity of14C-bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] absorbed by leaves of 3-week-old hydroponically grown sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). Autoradiographs and radioassays of plant parts indicated that the surfactant enhanced acropetal movement of bentazon in sunflower, whereas bentazon applied alone remained in the treated leaves. Basipetal movement of14C-bentazon was insignificant in sunflower. High-pressure liquid chromatography showed that 3 days after treatment 40% of the absorbed14C-bentazon was metabolized to a methanol-soluble metabolite. Thinlayer chromatography substantiated the occurrence of a14C-bentazon metabolite 3 days after treatment.

Differential Root Growth of FourSetariaTaxa

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Controlled Environments

We studied the early root growth of fourSetariataxa: giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), giant green foxtail [Setaria viridisvar.major(Gaud.) Posp.], robust white foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-albaSchreiber), robust purple foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-purpureaSchreiber). Growth studies in controlled environments showed significant differences in root elongation among the taxa at three photoperiods. Seminal root lengths after 4 days followed the order presented for selectivity and metabolism of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] (robust white foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > giant foxtail). Giant foxtail had the greatest root diameter, resulting in the greatest surface area and volume when lengths were equated. The order of seminal root lengths or diameters changed little after 7 days. Robust white foxtail had the most and longest first order lateral roots. Diameter of first order laterals showed giant foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > robust white foxtail.

Effect of separating giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds from soil using potassium carbonate and centrifugation on viability and germination

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Jack H. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Carbonate Solution ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Potassium Carbonate Solution

Changes in weed seedbank composition are often monitored by removing seeds from soil samples. One extraction method accomplishes this by creating a slurry of soil and a concentrated inorganic salt solution. Centrifugation is then used to separate constituents of differing densities. We have found that centrifugation of giant foxtail seeds in 3.2 M potassium carbonate solution as conducted in a centrifugation/flotation extraction method can reduce viability as measured by germination and tetrazolium tests. In one experiment, centrifugation/flotation separation reduced germination of giant foxtail seeds from 94 to 52%. The likely cause of seed damage was the high pH of the potassium carbonate solution in conjunction with the increased hydrostatic pressure due to centrifugation. While centrifugation affected quantitative measures of seed viability, it did not alter qualitative viability estimates using a pressure test.

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