scholarly journals Building Britannia: Pre-Flavian Private and Public Construction across Southern Britain

Britannia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Michael Fulford ◽  
Sara Machin
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Ceramic Building Material ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
Public Construction ◽  
Roofing Materials

ABSTRACT Excavation of the Roman tilery at Little London, Pamber, Hampshire, has prompted a reassessment of the dating of relief-patterned tile, assigning the bulk of production to the Claudio-Neronian period rather than the late first to mid-/late second century. This material has been privileged for retention in excavation archives but can now be seen as a proxy for the manufacture of a much wider range of ceramic building material, typically discarded on site, which, in the case of products from Little London and pre-Flavian Minety (Wiltshire), travelled distances of up to 100 km. Redating implies more extensive public and private building in town and country south and east of the Fosse Way before the Flavian period than has previously been envisaged. While private building included the construction of bath-houses, heated rooms and the provision of roofing materials, public building, we suggest, provided tabernas et praetoria along the principal roads of the province. In the private sphere such building provides a possible context for Dio Cassius’ mention of the recall and confiscation of large loans made to Britons before the Boudican rebellion. Finally, consideration of fabric needs to be added to the criteria for retaining ceramic building material in excavation archives.

scholarly journals Investigating Predictors of Public- and Private-Sphere Sustainable Behaviors in the Context of Agritourism

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Sara Brune ◽  
Whitney Knollenberg ◽  
Kathryn Stevenson ◽  
Carla Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Antecedents

Encouraging sustainable behaviors regarding food choices among the public is crucial to ensure food systems’ sustainability. We expand the understanding of sustainable behavioral change by assessing engagement in local food systems (LFSs) in the context of agritourism experiences. Using theory of planned behavior (TPB) and personal norms, we conducted pre–post-surveys at agritourism farms to measure the impact of changes in the TPB behavioral antecedents as predictors of the following behavioral intentions regarding LFS engagement: (1) purchasing local food (private-sphere behavior), (2) increasing monthly budget to purchase local food (private-sphere behavior) and (3) advocating for local food (public-sphere behavior). Our findings indicate that strategies to encourage LFS engagement should seek to activate moral considerations that can motivate action across private and public behaviors, which applies to various demographic groups. To stimulate collective action, strategies should target subjective norms specifically (e.g., encouraging social interaction around local food), while strategies encouraging private behaviors should focus on easing perceived barriers to buying local food (e.g., promoting local food outlets). As agritourism experiences effectively modify the three above-mentioned behavioral antecedents, we advocate for holistic experiences that provide opportunities for deeper engagement with local food, stimulate the senses, and facilitate social interaction around LFSs.

Ceramic Building Material from the Roman Forts on the Colchis Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-526
Author(s):  
Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski ◽  
Shota Mamuladze ◽  
Lasha Aslanischvili ◽  
Małgorzata Daszkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Ceramic Building Material ◽  
Ceramic Building

The article collects the modest evidence available on the use (and possible production) of ceramic building material by the Roman army in Colchis, using it as a backdrop for presenting the exceptional richness, in quantity as much as diversity, of the finds from Gonio/Apsaros. The signatures on these products add to the value of this assemblage. Part 1 of the article presents documented examples of stamps on bricks, roof tiles and ceramic pipes from the Gonio/Apsaros fort and links them to the construction projects of specific Roman army units in the Cappadocia province. The results of laboratory tests conducted on samples of ceramic products and raw clay from Gonio, presented in Part 2, distinguish between two reference groups for the production of which clay from near the fort was used. However, it has not been possible to indicate the specific deposits of such raw material used by the Roman army.

Unveiling Barriers and Challenges of Brothel-Based Sex Workers in Private and Public Sphere of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-211
Author(s):  
Kuntala Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Sex Object

The value of our society is constructed through different patriarchal organization. Sex workers or prostitutes whatever we call them literally they are stigmatized in our society. Double standard of our society influences us to play double role where a man act like a saint in front of society and at the night they are the regular visitor of a brothel but society respects them and abuse those women who provides sexual pleasure to that men. Most of the sex workers are engaged in this profession because of trafficking, blackmailing or they did not have any other way to earn. They are working in this profession as well as they are serving to the customers to fulfill their sexual demand. However the fact is that stigmatization, challenges and barriers are literally faced by those women who are working as sex workers. The intensity of their life struggle is too much among brothel based sex workers where they are confined to maintain all obligations imposed by Sordarni (Madam) or customers. Though challenges and barriers can be varied from chukri (new girls in brothel) to sordarni (experienced sex workers who control new girls), I tried to put intersectional lenses to understand their challenges. Sex workers in brothels are subjects of different kinds of violence in their public and private sphere and they are objectified as sex object. This chapter is going to show the condition and position of women by examining their barriers in public and private sphere of Bangladesh. This chapter also intends to recommend a few ways to redress these kinds of violence against brothel based sex workers.

The Quantification and Interpretation of Ceramic Building Material (CBM) Assemblages in Britain

Britannia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 348-360
Author(s):  
Peter Warry
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Ceramic Building Material ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
High Level

AbstractQuantification of assemblages of ceramic building material (CBM) is now normal excavation practice, but there is insufficient standardisation of methodology and little study of the validity or uses of these analyses. Consequently, it is difficult to interpret confidently the resulting analyses or make comparisons between sites. This paper suggests a simple approach and tests its validity empirically in urban environments where the high level of constructional churn should generate assemblage homogeneity. It then shows how the results can help with site and building interpretation.

THE ROMAN CERAMIC MATERIAL FROM FIELD WALKING IN THE ENVIRONS OF NEPI

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 147-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mills ◽  
Ulla Rajala
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Ceramic Building Material ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
Coarse Wares ◽  
Definition Of

This paper explores the ceramic assemblage of the Nepi Survey Project from the third century bc to the seventh century ad. The surface collection allows the detailed characterization of chronology, ware, fabric supply and functional characteristics. The assemblage shows a settlement explosion in the early second century bc, with another major rise from the Augustan period. The sharp decline in the late second to early third centuries ad is visible here, as it is throughout the region. The later peaks of the late fourth to mid-fifth and the mid-sixth centuries ad conform to the late Roman sequence from Mola di Monte Gelato. The dominant pottery class is oxidized coarse-wares, at 73%. The distribution of the different fabrics, including some of regional supply, suggests a number of different marketing mechanisms. Fine-wares and terra sigillata combined at 3% is what would be expected in the fringes of the Empire. The amphora class makes up over 5% of the assemblage, with the most variety exhibited at large villas and suburban halos. The most important supply originated from North Africa, with fish sauce as the main import. The functional analysis allows the definition of a ritual structure in the proximity of the cemeteries of the Massa area with highly varied types related to eating and drinking. The ceramic building material shows the importance of Campanian contacts, although the lack of imbrices suggests that many tile scatters derive from reused material.

Urban Transport

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José van
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Platformization affects the entire urban transport sector, effectively blurring the division between private and public transport modalities; existing public–private arrangements have started to shift as a result. This chapter analyzes and discusses the emergence of a platform ecology for urban transport, focusing on two central public values: the quality of urban transport and the organization of labor and workers’ rights. Using the prism of platform mechanisms, it analyzes how the sector of urban transport is changing societal organization in various urban areas across the world. Datafication has allowed numerous new actors to offer their bike-, car-, or ride-sharing services online; selection mechanisms help match old and new complementors with passengers. Similarly, new connective platforms are emerging, most prominently transport network companies such as Uber and Lyft that offer public and private transport options, as well as new platforms offering integrated transport services, often referred to as “mobility as a service.”

The Right to Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right

Chapter 6 concerns denial of women’s right to life . The new frame of “femicide” has dramatically increased attention to gender-based killing in the public and private sphere, and encompasses a spectrum of threats and assaults that culminate in murder. The chapter follows the threats to women’s security through the life cycle, beginning with cases of “gendercide” (sex-selective abortion and infanticide) in India, then moving to honor killings in Turkey and Pakistan. We examine public femicide in Mexico and Central America—with comparison to the disappearance of indigenous women in Canada, as “second-class citizens” in a developed democracy. The chapter continues mapping the panorama of private sphere domestic violence in the semi-liberal gender regimes of China, Russia, Brazil, and the Philippines, along with a range of responses in law, public policy, advocacy, and protest.

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