The Electromagnetic Parameters of Selected Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Rocks and Glasses

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 545-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Fensler ◽  
E. F. Knott ◽  
A. Olte ◽  
K. M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Lunar Landing ◽  
Radar Echoes ◽  
Radar Astronomy ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Reflecting Surface

Determination of the physical properties of the surface layers of celestial bodies is one of the areas of research in radar astronomy. Radar pulses reflected from such a body contain information about the reflecting surface. Information concerning the composition and density of the outer layer of the lunar surface derived from radar echoes is of practical importance in view of proposed lunar landing.

Near earthquakes in Central California*

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Byerly
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Waves

Summary Least-squares adjustments of observations of waves of the P groups at central and southern California stations are used to obtain the speeds of various waves. Only observations made to tenths of a second are used. It is assumed that the waves have a common velocity for all earthquakes. But the time intercepts of the travel-time curves are allowed to be different for different shocks. The speed of P̄ is found to be 5.61 km/sec.±0.05. The speed for S̄ (founded on fewer data) is 3.26 km/sec. ± 0.09. There are slight differences in the epicenters located by the use of P̄ and S̄ which may or may not be significant. It is suggested that P̄ and S̄ may be released from different foci. The speed of Pn, the wave in the top of the mantle, is 8.02 km/sec. ± 0.05. Intermediate P waves of speeds 6.72 km/sec. ± 0.02 and 7.24 km/sec. ± 0.04 are observed. Only the former has a time intercept which allows a consistent computation of structure when considered a layer wave. For the Berkeley earthquake of March 8, 1937, the accurate determination of depth of focus was possible. This enabled a determination of layering of the earth's crust. The result was about 9 km. of granite over 23 km. of a medium of speed 6.72 km/sec. Underneath these two layers is the mantle of speed 8.02 km/sec. The data from other shocks centering south of Berkeley would not fit this structure, but an assumption of the thickening of the granite southerly brought all into agreement. The earthquakes discussed show a lag of Pn as it passes under the Sierra Nevada. This has been observed before. A reconsideration of the Pn data of the Nevada earthquake of December 20, 1932, together with the data mentioned above, leads to the conclusion that the root of the mountain mass projects into the mantle beneath the surface layers by an amount between 6 and 41 km.

scholarly journals Organizational and pedagogical conditions for arranging educational practice in the process of vocational training of future managers

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sergeevich Pasholikov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Internship Programs ◽  
The University

This article is dedicated to determination of organizational and pedagogical conditions for arranging educational practice in the process of vocational training of future managers in the university. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by dissatisfaction of the pedagogues, students and employers’ representatives with the results of educational practice. The author compares the international models of management education, and highlights the key differences in the Russian and foreign approaches towards arranging educational practice for the bachelors in management. The author describes the basic organizational and pedagogical conditions for improving the effectiveness of educational activity, implemented in Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia within the framework of the Bachelor’s Program in Management. The novelty of this research consists in the proposal of criteria and indicators for assessing the results of organization of educational practice from the perspective satisfaction of its subjects, as well in elucidation of the key mechanisms for improving the stages of training and conducting educational practice, such as individualization of the process of vocational training of future managers, establishment of long-term relations between the graduate departments and employers’ representatives, continuous improvement of the content and mechanisms of its organization. Practical importance of this work consists in the possibility of application of the selected organizational and pedagogical conditions for arranging educational practice in development and implementation by the institutions of higher education of the basic programs of vocational education for training future specialists; development of  the programs for educational, industrial and other types of practices; as well as creation of the corporate internship programs.

Determination of the parameters of surface layers on glasses by p-polarized reflectances

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Liu ◽  
Peihui Liang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layers

The structure and associations of the double S layer on the cell wall of Aquaspirillum sinuosum

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Smith ◽  
Robert G. E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Bacterial Surface

Aquaspirillum sinuosum cell walls bear two paracrystalline, proteinaceous surface layers (S layers). Each shows a different symmetry: the inner layer is closely apposed to the outer membrane and is a tetragonal array (90° axes; 5-nm units; repeat frequency 8 nm); the outer layer is a hexagonal array on the external surface (14-nm units; repeat frequency 18 nm) and, although the units have a six-pointed stellate form, the linkage between units is not resolved. The outer layer consists of a major 130-kDa protein and a 180-kDa minor component; these co-extract, co-assemble, and are inseparable by hydroxylapatite chromatography or by recrystallization. The solubilizing effects of reagents suggest stabilization by hydrogen bonding and Ca2+. The two outer layer proteins are serologically related and show partial identity by peptide mapping. Periodic acid – Schiff staining of the 180-kDa band suggests that this may be a glycosylated form of the 130-kDa component. The inner layer components form a doublet of 75- and 80-kDa polypeptides with extreme resistance to extraction. Close apposition to the outer membrane, resistance to chaotropes, aqueous insolubility, and behaviour in charge-shift electrophoresis suggest hydrophobic interaction between subunits and an integral association with the outer membrane. Key words: bacterial surface, cell wall, surface layers, cell-wall proteins, cell-wall assembly.

scholarly journals Radar efficiency and the calculation of decade-long PMSE backscatter cross-section for the Resolute Bay VHF radar

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Swarnalingam ◽  
W. K. Hocking ◽  
P. S. Argall
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Vhf Radar ◽  
Radar Echoes ◽  
Summer Echoes ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Coherent Radar ◽  
Backscatter Cross Section

Abstract. The Resolute Bay VHF radar, located in Nunavut, Canada (75.0° N, 95.0° W) and operating at 51.5 MHz, has been used to investigate Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) since 1997. PMSE are a unique form of strong coherent radar echoes, and their understanding has been a challenge to the scientific community since their discovery more than three decades ago. While other high latitude radars have recorded strong levels of PMSE activities, the Resolute Bay radar has observed relatively lower levels of PMSE strengths. In order to derive absolute measurements of PMSE strength at this site, a technique is developed to determine the radar efficiency using cosmic (sky) noise variations along with the help of a calibrated noise source. VHF radars are only rarely calibrated, but determination of efficiency is even less common. Here we emphasize the importance of efficiency for determination of cross-section measurements. The significant advantage of this method is that it can be directly applied to any MST radar system anywhere in the world as long as the sky noise variations are known. The radar efficiencies for two on-site radars at Resolute Bay are determined. PMSE backscatter cross-section is estimated, and decade-long PMSE strength variations at this location are investigated. It was noticed that the median of the backscatter cross-section distribution remains relatively unchanged, but over the years a great level of variability occurs in the high power tail of the distribution.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the green bond market and its role in regional security

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 09040
Author(s):  
Valentina Karginova-Gubinova ◽  
Anton Shcherbak ◽  
Sergey Tishkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Bond Index ◽  
Lm Test ◽  
The Russian Federation

Financing capital-intensive projects in the green economy is possible through green bonds. The assessment of the economic efficiency of the green bond market, the determination of its role in ensuring the energy and economic security of the regions and the development of directions and instruments for improving the efficiency and significance of the market for the Russian Federation are the aim of the study. The methodology involved the determination of the autocorrelation presence in the calendar series of bond yields using the Broysch-Godfrey LM test, the application of applied statistics methods to verify the existence of calendar effects on the stock exchange and analyze market reviews. Data on the green bond market were compared with data on other bonds. Market performance calculations were based on the S&P Green Bond Index and S&P 500 Bond Index. Features and benefits of green bonds as an instrument to ensure regional security were identified. The lack of market efficiency for green and other bonds, even in a weak form, was shown. The necessary institutional changes to improve the efficiency of the green bond market and develop it in the Russian Federation have been proposed. The findings are of theoretical importance, complementing the work on testing the hypothesis of an effective market, and of practical importance in the form of recommendations for on market improving.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document