A Re-examination of the Therfield Heath Long Barrow, Royston, Hertfordshire

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
East End

Therfield heath, the expanse of chalk downland on the west side of Royston, has long enjoyed a local fame for the number of barrows and other antiquities which diversify its surface. On the north side it is bounded by the Icknield Way and so is well placed on the corridor between Wessex and East Anglia.By far the most important monument on the Heath is a small long barrow notable as the only example known in East Anglia, its nearest neighbours being the destroyed Dunstable barrow 25 miles to the west, and, further still, the Churn barrow west of the Thames near the Goring Gap.The outward form of the barrow is well-preserved (fig. 1, plan 1), exhibiting the typical club-shaped plan, the broader and higher end to the east. It is 110 feet long, 56 feet wide and 6 feet high at the east end, and 25 feet wide and 2 feet wide at the west. The Ordnance Survey references are Herts 6 inch 4 NE and 25 inch 4, 8. The latitude is 52°2′35″ and the longitude 0° 2′ 40″ w. The height above sea level is 385 feet.It is unfortunate that the late E. B. Nunn of Royston, who opened most of the barrows on the Heath, completely gutted the interior of this long barrow. By the courtesy of Dr W. M. Palmer, M.A., M.D., F.S.A. I am able to publish the following extract from Nunn's manuscript describing his operations here eighty years ago. Fig. 2 is a reproduction of the sketch which illustrates his account.

The Early Expansion of the Kingdom of Mithridates VI

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Duane W. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side

Mithridates VI the Great began his solidified rule by expanding his kingdom, seemingly with the goal of encircling the Black Sea. He gained possession of the ancient territory of Colchis and then strengthened his predecessors’ control of the Bosporos, on the north side of the sea. He also established a presence on the west side of the sea. The locals on the north side of the sea welcomed the king because they were constantly subject to barbarian pressures. There were also economic benefits to the Pontic kingdom in acquisition of the new territories. Mithridates also established a Pontic presence south and west of his kingdom, in Paphlagonia and Galatia. Yet such aggressive actions by the king were noticed by the Romans, even though the northern Black Sea was not in any region of their direct interest.

IV.—The Upper Trias of Leicestershire

1913 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Black Shales ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Boundary ◽  
East End

Although the Rhætic beds are not exposed continuously along the eastern boundary of the Keuper outcrop, they have been proved at many points from the River Trent in the north on the Nottinghamshire border to Glen Parva in the south. South of this point there is so much drift, and borings within the Liassic outcrop have been so isolated or shallow, that there is a gap in our knowledge of the intervening ground between the last point and the Rugby district. The Countesthorpe boring, carried to a depth of over 600 feet, encountered Upper Keuper beneath the Drift, with no intervening Rhætics. Commencing in the north in the Gotham district the two outliers are capped above the Red Marl and Tea-green Marl with Rhætic beds, and Lower Lias Limestone (Ps. planorbe zone) above. At Ash Spinney at the south end of the southern outlier, and at the east end of Crownend Wood, Black Shales with Avicula contorta crop out; and on the west side septaria are seen. On the north-west side of the northern outlier at Cottager's Hill Protocardium phillipianum has been found in a well-section near the lane. Rhætic shales are seen in the shafts driven for gypsum works about Gotham.

Laconia

1950 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 261-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cook ◽  
R. V. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
West Side ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village

The village of Kalývia Sokhás lies against the base of one of the massive foothills in which Taygetus falls to the plain three or four miles to the south of Sparta (Plate 26, 1). It is bounded by two rivers which flow down in deep clefts from the mountain shelf. The hillside above rises steeply to a summit which is girt with cliffs on all but the west side and cannot be much less than four thousand feet above sea level; this von Prott believed to be the peak of Taleton. Its summit is crowned by the ruins of a mediaeval castle which was undoubtedly built as a stronghold to overlook the Spartan plain; the only dateable object found there, a sherd of elaborate incised ware, indicates occupation at the time when the Byzantines were in possession of Mystra. The location of the other sites mentioned by Pausanias in this region remains obscure, but fortunately that of the Spartan Eleusinion has not been in doubt since von Prott discovered a cache of inscriptions at the ruined church of H. Sophia in the village of Kalývia Sokhás. In 1910 Dawkins dug trenches at the foot of the slope immediately above the village and recovered a fragment of a stele relating to the cult of the goddesses and pieces of inscribed tiles from the sanctuary. The abundance of water in the southern ravine led von Prott to conclude that the old town of Bryseai with its cult of Dionysus also lay at Kalývia Sokhás; but no traces of urban settlement have come to light at the village, and the name rather suggests copious springs such as issue from the mountain foot at Kefalári a mile to the north where ancient blocks are to be seen in the fields.

Galaesus

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
T. J. Dunbabin
Keyword(s):  
George Gissing ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side

In his masterly work on Tarentum, P. Wuilleumier (Tarente, 5) identifies the Galaesus with the Citrezze or Giadrezze, a small stream running into the north side of the Mare Piccolo, about two miles from the channel on the west side of the citadel of Tarentum which connects the Mare Piccolo with the sea. This identification, which has been often repeated since Lenormant's time (La Grande-Grèce, i. 19) and spread beyond the narrow bounds of pure scholarship by the writings of George Gissing (By the Ionian Sea, 60 ff.), Norman Douglas (Old Calabria, 80), and David Randall-Madver (Greek Cities in Italy and Sicily, 76), is likely to hold the field by virtue, of Wuilleumier's support. But it is irreconcilable with the only ancient evidence on the position of this river, given in the account of Hannibal's movements in 212 B.C.

Note on the Occurrence of Dayia navicula (J. de C. Sowerby) in the Lower Ludlow Rocks of Shropshire

1939 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 360-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Great Thickness ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Type Area

In the type area the Ludlow Rocks generally have been divided into Lower Ludlow Shales, Aymestry Limestone, Dayia Shales and Whitcliffe Flags in upward sequence. The Dayia Shales are characterized by the presence of enormous numbers of Dayia navicula (J. de C. Sowerby). This preponderance of D. navicula in the shales immediately above the Aymestry Limestone has caused a tendency to regard beds in other localities containing this fossil as being on the same stratigraphical horizon in spite of the character of the accompanying fauna. In two recent papers on the Ludlow Rocks of the Welsh Borderland (Straw, 1937, and Earp, 1938) it has been shown that D. navicula ranges through at least 3,000 feet of strata, occurring commonly throughout this great thickness and outlasting more than one change of fauna. Although, in this area, the brachiopod ranges from the zone of Monograptus nilssoni into the Upper Ludlow it has not hitherto been recorded below the Aymestry Limestone in Shropshire. This gap in our knowledge is now filled by the discovery of specimens in Lower Ludlow Shales exposed in a small quarry 40 yards north-east of Stokewood Cottage, which is on the west side of the railway line a little over a mile south of Craven Arms. The quarry shows about 15 feet of nodular shales with thin limestone seams. The commonest fossils are Chonetes laevigata (J. de C. Sowerby), C. minima (J. de C. Sowerby), and Stropheodonta filosa (J. de C. Sowerby) which occur in large numbers on some of the bedding surfaces. Other fossils are Stropheodonta euglypha (Dalman), Delthyris sp., Orthoceras sp., Dalmanites sp., and a plectambonitid. Dayia navicula seems to be confined to a thin layer on the north side of the quarry. Graptolites referable to Monograptus cf. chimaera occur fairly commonly. About 400 yards in a south-easterly direction another small quarry exposes Conchidium Limestone which is about 170 feet stratigraphically above the beds in the first quarry.

scholarly journals RAGAM BENTUK TINGGALAN BUDAYA MEGALITIK Dl PAPUA (Variation of Megalithic Culture in Papua)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlin Novita ldje Djami
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Stone Carving

Papua is a place which is potential to have variety of cultural heritage of megalithic, and it spreads over the Papua. The megalithic tradition has been in this area since the prehistory period, even this it is continuing until today. The influence of this culture in Papua came from the west side through Sulawesi, Maluku and finally reached to Papua. Moreover, from the north side, it came through the Mikronesia area, Melanesia dan then arrived to Papua. The culture of megalithic is believed that it is influnced by the Austronesia people. The forms of megalithic in Papua include the terraces stone, mareuw, stone pole, ainining duka, mortar stone, sharpening stone, stone path, soul path, stone enclosure, megalithic archa, woming stone, throne stone, menhir (standing stone), table stone (dolmen), engraving stone, carving stone, totor, and turtle stone. This discovery of megalithic culture is related with the religious activity dan the other social cuture activities. AbstrakPapua merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi keberadaan tinggalan budaya megalitik yang cukup banyak dan beragam bentuknya, lokasinya tersebar hampir di seluruh wilayah tersebut. Kehadiran tradisi megalitik di wilayah ini, sudah ada sejak zaman prasejarah, bahkan di beberapa tempat di Papua tradisi megalitik masih berlangsung hingga kini. Pengaruh budaya megalitik di wilayah Papua datang melalui dua jalur yaitu jalur barat melalui daerah Sulawesi, Maluku, hingga sampai ke Papua. Sedangkan jalur utara melalui wilayah Mikronesia, Melanesia, dan sampai ke Papua. Keberadaan budaya megalitik di Papua sebagai salah satu bentuk pengaruh dari bangsa Austronesia. Bentuk-bentuk tinggalan megalitik di wilayah Papua berupa bangunan berundak, mareuw, tiang batu, ainining duka, lumpang batu, batu asah, jajaran batu, jalan arwah, batu temugelang, area megalitik, batu peringatan, tahta batu, menhir, dolmen, batu bergores, pahatan batu, totor, dan batu teteruga. Temuantemuan tinggalan budaya tradisi megalitik tersebut berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas religi dan aktivitas sosial budaya lainnya.

XIX. A further account of some Druidical Remains in Derbyshire. By Hayman Rooke, Esq.

Archaeologia ◽  
1785 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Hayman Rooke
Keyword(s):  
High Peak ◽  
The West ◽  
Plate Xiii ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
East End ◽  
North End

On Hathersage Moor in the high Peak, not far from the road that goes from Sheffield to Manchester, is a British work, called Cair's work. See the plan Pl. XIII. fig. I. It is about two hundred yards in length, and sixty-one in width. It takes in an hill precipitous all round, except at the north end, where there is a wall of a very singular construction. It is near three feet thick, and consists of three rows of very large stones. On the top are other large stones, set obliquely end ways, a view of which is in the same plate fig. I. at b. The inside is filled up with earth and stones, which form the vallum, and slope inwards twenty-five feet. The height of the wall to the top of the sloping stones (as abovementioned) is nine feet four inches. The principal entrance seems to have been at the east end of the wall; a lesser one is on the west side; both marked (c) in the plan. The area of this work is full of rocks and large stones; several of these are rocking stones, three of which are engraved in Plate XIII. fig 2. (a) thirteen feet in length, (b) eight feet, (c) nine feet fix inches; and others have rock basons.

The Mudurnu Valley, West Anatolia, Turkey, earthquake of 22 July 1967

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-589
Author(s):  
N. N. Ambraseys ◽  
A. Zatopek
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
West Central ◽  
East End

abstract A severe earthquake in the west-central part of the Anatolian fault zone occurred on 22 July 1967, causing loss of life and widespread damage. The earthquake was associated with 80 kilometers of fresh faulting, part of which occurred in a zone ruptured ten years earlier. The sense of movement along the fault break is right lateral with the north side downthrown. Maximum relative displacements of 190 centimeters lateral and 120 centimeters vertical were measured. Damage caused by shaking in the immediate vicinity of the fault-break was equal to or smaller than that caused at some distance from the fault. Thus, proximity to the fault-break was found to be an unjustified criterion for higher intensities. The instrumental epicenter of the main shock had been located near the east end of the fault break. The bulk of the aftershocks is concentrated at the other end of the break, in the extreme west.

Aşvan Kale

1973 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 121-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Direct Relevance ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Architectural Features

The purpose of this interim report is to give a description of the major architectural features of the site, the evidence for their dating, and a brief account of the artifactual remains from them. This work is necessarily incomplete: only the major excavated levels are distinguished and illustrated; a detailed division of the Medieval levels into subsidiary phases has not been attempted here; and before a complete and definitive account of the artifactual remains, especially the pottery, can be given, further work must be done on the material. This may throw new light on the problems of dating.Fig. 1 shows the area excavated, with the exception of the step trenches dug down the north side of the mound, which are of no direct relevance to the architecture of the later periods considered here, and the trenches on the west side of the mound, dug ad hoc to investigate the later Medieval structures. These are shown in Figs. 11 and 12. The continuous thin lines in Fig. 1 indicate the internal sections which were drawn from the topsoil to the point where excavation was halted but which were later removed.

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