29.—Fine-structure in the Mass-yield Curve for Binary Fission—A Possible Secondary Effect

1974 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
N. Feather
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Neutron Emission ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Α Particles

SynopsisThe recent suggestion (Feather 1974) that the short-range α-particles of fission are emitted predominantly from post-neutron-emission fragments in the mass-number range 140 to 145 is shown to have implications in relation to the fine-structure of the mass-yield curve. An examination of the mass-yield curves of Unik et al. (1973) discloses, in many of them, a fine-structure feature of the type predicted.

CUMULATIVE YIELDS OF THE HEAVY FRAGMENTS IN THE THERMAL-NEUTRON FISSION OF 241Pu

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Farrar ◽  
W. B. Clarke ◽  
H. G. Thode ◽  
R. H. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Thermal Neutron Fission

The relative yields of isotopes of xenon, cesium, barium, cerium, neodymium, and samarium formed by the thermal neutron fission of 241Pu have been obtained by mass spectrometric methods. The relative yields of the elements were normalized by means of the isotope dilution and isobaric techniques, and absolute cumulative yields were determined by summing the relative yields to 100%. The curve obtained for 241Pu is compared with other mass–yield curves. The general shape of this mass–yield curve is similar to that for 239Pu; yet the fine structure shows greater similarity to that for 235U thermal-neutron fission.

Fine structure in the region of symmetric mass distribution for cumulative fission yields

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Thind ◽  
R. H. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Neutron Emission ◽  
Central Peak ◽  
Mass Region ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Energy Neutron ◽  
Cumulative Mass ◽  
Fission Yields

It is predicted that there should be fine structure in the cumulative mass yield curve in the symmetric mass region where major discontinuities in the neutron emission vs. mass curve exist. In the case of low-energy neutron fission of 238U, this fine structure takes the form of a pronounced depression in the region of mass 125. Under similar conditions for 232Th, the fine structure may take the form of depressions in the region of mass 110 and 125 so that the cumulative mass yield curve appears to have a central peak.

24.—The Origin of the Short-range Alpha Particles of Fission

1974 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
N. Feather
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Neutron Emission ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Α Particles

SynopsisThe suggestion is made, and rendered plausible by detailed calculation, that the short-range α-particles of fission, identified by Kugler and Clarke [1], are emitted, in competition with ‘prompt’ γ-rays, from highly excited post-neutron-emission fragments of even neutron number N and, predominantly, of mass number A in the range 140 ≦ A ≧ 145. A similar process is energetically forbidden in relation to triton emission.

THE ABSOLUTE FISSION YIELDS OF TWENTY-EIGHT MASS CHAINS IN THE THERMAL NEUTRON FISSION OF U235

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 693-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Petruska ◽  
H. G. Thode ◽  
R. H. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Absolute Accuracy ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Thermal Neutron Fission ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Fission Yields ◽  
Better Than

Twenty-eight absolute fission yields totalling 78% of the heavy and 16% of the light fragments have been determined using the mass spectrometer and isotope dilution techniques. The precision of the values obtained is in most cases better than 2% and the absolute accuracy is estimated to be about 3%. Fine structure in the mass–yield curve is discussed in terms of structural preference and various chain branching mechanisms.

The Fission Yield ofXe133and Fine Structure in the Mass Yield Curve

1950 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Macnamara ◽  
C. B. Collins ◽  
H. G. Thode
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Fission Yield

STRUCTURE IN THE MASS–YIELD DISTRIBUTION FOR U235 FISSION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Farrar ◽  
R. H. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Neutron Yield ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Fission Fragments ◽  
U235 Fission ◽  
Thermal Neutron Fission ◽  
Mass Yield Distribution

Recent measurements of the cumulative yields of essentially all the mass chains in the thermal neutron fission of U235 have enabled a detailed examination of the fine structure in the mass–yield curve. It has been found that most of the structure results from a slowly changing neutron yield as a function of the mass of the primary fission fragments.

THE CUMULATIVE YIELDS OF THE KRYPTON AND XENON ISOTOPES PRODUCED IN THE FAST NEUTRON FISSION OF Th232

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kennett ◽  
H. G. Thode
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Xenon Isotopes ◽  
Induced Fission ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Fission Yields

The relative fission yields for mass chains ending in stable krypton and xenon isotopes have been measured for the fast neutron-induced fission of Th232. Isotope dilution techniques were used to determine the krypton/xenon ratio to assist in obtaining the absolute fission yields for these mass chains. The absolute yields were determined by the use of two methods, both giving results which were in excellent agreement. The fine structure observed for the Th232 mass–yield curve is compared with that of heavier fissile nuclides.

scholarly journals The Cross Section for the 16O(g,n)15O Reaction

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Giant Resonance ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Single Level ◽  
The Cross

There have been a number of attempts to account for the nature of the giant resonance of nuclear photodisintegration (e.g. Goldhaber and Teller 1948; Steinwedel and Jensen 1950; Wilkinson 1955; and others). Levinger and Bethe (1950) believe that a " many-level" theory of the giant resonance is more satisfactory than a single-level theory. The existence of fine structure in the yield curve of the 16O(?,11,) reaction at energies near the giant resonance (Penfold and Spicer 1955) supports this conclusion. The purpose of the present note is to show that the existence of structure within the giant resonance may be demonstrated more simply than by the tedious study of fine structure in yield curves.

THE FISSION YIELDS OF THE STABLE AND LONG-LIVED ISOTOPES OF XENON, CESIUM, AND KRYPTON IN NEUTRON FISSION OF U233

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Fleming ◽  
R. H. Tomlinson ◽  
H. G. Thode
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Fission Yield ◽  
Neutron Fission ◽  
Fission Yields

The fission yields of Xe131, Xe132, Xe134, Xe136, Cs133, Cs135, Cs137, Kr83, Kr84, 10.27 year Kr85, and Kr86 in the neutron fission of U233 have been determined by mass spectrometer methods. The very pronounced fine structure in the mass yield curve in the mass range 131 to 137 found in U235 fission does not occur in the fission of U233. This disappearance of fine structure would not have been predicted by any of the mechanisms which have been suggested to explain the fine structure in U235 fission. The fission yield of the 10.27 year isomer of Kr85 relative to the other krypton isotopes is considerably higher in U233 fission than in U235 fission, indicating some fine structure in this mass range which may be related to the closed shell of 50 neutrons.

Modeling the green bond yield on bond offering

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2858-2878
Author(s):  
M.I. Emets
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Bond Pricing ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Bond Yield

Subject. The article addresses the green bond pricing as compared to bonds other than green ones. Objectives. The aims are to determine how the fact that a bond is identified as a green one, the issue amount, and the availability of third-party verification, influence the yield to maturity; to make recommendations on effective green bond pricing. Methods. The study employs econometric testing of hypotheses, using the multiple linear regression. The sample includes 318 green and 1695 conventional bonds. Results. Green bonds have a lower yield to maturity in comparison with conventional bonds. The yield to maturity of green bonds with third-party verification is lower, as contrasted with green bonds without verification. Conclusions. The next step in the green bond market development is creating a benchmark yield curve for sovereign green bonds, with parallel issuance of conventional, non-green bonds. The yield curve is crucial for effective bond pricing. Two yield curves, i.e. for green and non-green bonds, will enable investors to estimate the fair price on issuance, as well as to define, if there is a difference in pricing.

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