Insights from functional neuroimaging studies of behavioral state regulation  in healthy and depressed subjects

New data are presented showing excellent replicability and test-retest reliability of REM sleep findings from functional brain imaging studies in healthy subjects on which newer brain-based models of human dreaming have been constructed. Preliminary region-of-interest findings related to bottom-up versus dissociable brain systems mediating REM sleep and dreaming are also presented.[Hobson et al.; Solms]>

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Cerebral Substrates for Controlling Rhythmic Movements

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10080514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 514

Author(s):

Naho Konoike ◽

Katsuki Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Sensory Modality ◽

Body Part ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Rhythmic Movements ◽

Independent Manner ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Functional Brain ◽

The Brain

Our daily lives are filled with rhythmic movements, such as walking, sports, and dancing, but the mechanisms by which the brain controls rhythmic movements are poorly understood. In this review, we examine the literature on neuropsychological studies of patients with focal brain lesions, and functional brain imaging studies primarily using finger-tapping tasks. These studies suggest a close connection between sensory and motor processing of rhythm, with no apparent distinction between the two functions. Thus, we conducted two functional brain imaging studies to survey the rhythm representations relatively independent of sensory and motor functions. First, we determined brain activations related to rhythm processing in a sensory modality-independent manner. Second, we examined body part-independent brain activation related to rhythm reproduction. Based on previous literature, we discuss how brain areas contribute rhythmic motor control. Furthermore, we also discuss the mechanisms by which the brain controls rhythmic movements.

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Neurophysiology of Yoga Meditation

International Journal of Yoga Therapy ◽

10.17761/ijyt.9.1.v17860173jw24g70 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roy King ◽

Ann Brownstone

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Pure Consciousness ◽

Yoga Therapy ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Yoga Meditation

Recent neuroimaging studies of brain function have led to an explosion of knowledge about psychological processes and states. In this paper functional brain imaging studies of Yoga meditation are reviewed. Tantra-based meditations activate frontal and occipital cortical regions involved in focused, sustained attention and visual imagery. The overall pattern of brain activation in Tantra-based meditations is similar to that of self-hypnosis but different from that of sleep onset. Pure consciousness, the ultimate aim of Vedanta-based meditation, also activates frontal cortical areas regulating focused attention but deactivates sensory areas involved in imagery. Functional brain imaging studies thus support the distinction between meditation with conceptual support and pure-consciousness meditation without conceptual support, a distinction that appears throughout Yoga meditation texts. Brain imaging investigations also explain how Yoga therapy may be helpful to those with anxiety disorders by reducing activity in brain regions linked to the processing of negative emotions.

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The Oxford Handbook of Functional Brain Imaging in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.001.0001 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Affective States ◽

Source Imaging ◽

Magnetic Source Imaging ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Cognitive Neurosciences

A large part of the contemporary literature involves functional neuroimaging. Yet few readers are sufficiently familiar with the various imaging methods, their capabilities and limitations, to appraise it correctly. To fulfill that need is the purpose of this Handbook, which consists of an accessible description of the methods and their clinical and research applications. The Handbook begins with an overview of basic concepts of functional brain imaging, magnetoencephalography and the use of magnetic source imaging (MSI), positron emission tomography (PET), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The authors then discuss the various research applications of imaging, such as white matter connectivity; the function of the default mode network; the possibility and the utility of imaging of consciousness; the search for mnemonic traces of concepts the mechanisms of the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories; executive functions and their neuroanatomical mechanisms; voluntary actions, human will and decision-making; motor cognition; language and the mechanisms of affective states and pain. The final chapter discusses the uses of functional neuroimaging in the presurgical mapping of the brain.

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699 IDENTIFYING ICS BLADDER SENSATIONS USING FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING (FMRI) AND CONVENTIONAL URODYNAMICS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND OAB PATIENTS

European Urology Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1569-9056(10)60686-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

W.C. Tsana ◽

J. Kong ◽

A. Yadav ◽

J.R. O'donaghue ◽

B. Andrews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Functional Brain

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1609 IDENTIFYING ICS BLADDER SENSATIONS USING FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING (FMRI) AND CONVENTIONAL URODYNAMICS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND OAB PATIENTS

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1389 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 183 (4S) ◽

Author(s):

Woon Tsang ◽

Joe Kong ◽

Anupam Yadav ◽

John O'Donaghue ◽

Brian Andrews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Imaging ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Functional Brain

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Tryptophan Research in Panic Disorder

International Journal of Tryptophan Research ◽

10.4137/ijtr.s929 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. IJTR.S929 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduard Maron ◽

Jakov Shlik ◽

David J. Nutt

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Panic Disorder ◽

Brain Imaging ◽

Genetic Association ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Research Directions ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Considerable Body

A considerable body of evidence suggests the involvement of serotonin neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Research on pathways and functions of tryptophan, an essential amino acid converted into serotonin, may advance our understanding of serotonergic actions in panic disorder and related phenomena. The investigative approaches in this field include manipulations of tryptophan availability as well as genetic association and functional brain imaging studies. In this review we examine the principle findings of these studies and propose further research directions.

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