Observation in Training Parents of Handicapped Children: A Review

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
J. R. A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
Reporting Practice ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Multiple Outcome ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Natural Settings

Research and service-oriented studies are reviewed to indicate issues and promising strategies for evaluation of field-based parent-training. The main areas which professionals and researchers must address themselves to are indicated. A variety of multiple-outcome measures are used. Skill development and transfer of skills to the natural environment remains a poorly evaluated area. Professional workers need to attempt more control in methodology, reporting practice and using research analyses. Researchers will have to direct study to assessing realiability and validity and developing practical instruments for widespread use. The implications of previous work are discussed. The emphasis of the paper is that direct observations of parents working in their natural settings should be the preferred means of evaluation.

Towards a Virtual Enterprise Architecture for the Environmental Sector

2008 ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Athanasiadis
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Virtual Enterprise ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Management Ownership ◽  
Service Oriented

This chapter introduces a Virtual Enterprise architecture for environmental information management, integration and dissemination. On a daily basis, our knowledge related to ecological phenomena, the degradation of the natural environment and the sustainability of human activity impacts, is growing. As a consequence raises the need for effective environmental knowledge exchange and reuse. In this work, a solution among collaborating peers forming a Virtual Enterprise is investigated. Following an analysis of the main stakeholders, a service-oriented architecture is proposed. Technical implementation options, using web-services or software agents, are considered and issues related to environmental information management, ownership and standardization are discussed.

scholarly journals Shaping space and practice to support autonomy: lessons from natural settings in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305
Author(s):  
Alexia Barrable
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Support Autonomy ◽  
Natural Settings

AbstractIn the present paper, I explore some of the concrete manifestation of autonomy support in natural childcare and early childhood education settings, under the organising framework of self-determination theory. More specifically, I present the ways in which early childhood educators shape the space of natural settings and use the affordances of the natural environment to promote autonomy in children aged 3–8 years. The practices presented are a result of direct observation in several Scotland-based outdoor settings, observations and organic conversations with educators in outdoor and forest kindergartens. Hopefully the practices and spaces presented in this paper can be of use by educators and setting managers who aim to support autonomous learning and intrinsic motivation in their pupils in outdoor natural early years’ settings.

scholarly journals Adoration of the Joint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marc Honore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Natural Settings

<p>At many sites across New Zealand, industrial demands and the built environment have taken precedence over considerations for neighbouring natural settings, with a lack of threshold or transitional space between the two often leading to heavy contextual clashes. This is a prominent issue where the Korokoro Recreation Reserve meets the numerous industrial sites at Cornish Street in Lower Hutt, Wellington.  The aim of this research is to address these fragile contextual issues with an architectural intervention that acts like a joint on multiple theoretical levels, furthering our understanding of how architecture can contribute to the landscape, establishing a narrative between two conflicting conditions while establishing a transitional threshold between them.  Marco Frascari and Kenneth Frampton write on the theory of synecdoche in architecture and the capacity of details as generators, evidencing the skilful joining and consideration of parts, defined as ‘a process of signification’ resulting in synecdochal architecture, in which a part is made to represent the whole and vice versa. When architecture evidences synecdoche, a sensitive viewer can understand an architectural intervention’s underlying meaning and understand architecture as a set of dialogues. Through these means of enabling a greater understanding of architecture, the humble joint provides a didactic role, and through this didactic capability people may come to see and understand the important role that architecture can play in the context of its natural environment.</p>

Language Training in Natural and Clinical Environmexnts

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Spradlin ◽  
Gerald M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Natural Settings

A persistent problem in programs designed to help children acquire language skills is how to promote generalization so that the child can use communication skills in the widest variety of appropriate situations. One solution is to embed the teaching in the natural environment and, perhaps, to use the parent as the teacher. For some families, however, this may not be a feasible arrangement, because of the nature of the child's problem, the characteristics of the environment, or some interaction. It may then be most appropriate to teach the child in a clinical or laboratory environment and to use a formal language training program. When such programs are implemented, there is often a problem in extending or generalizing the child's newly acquired skills. Careful consideration of the manner in which stimuli are presented, the kinds of responses that are required, and the way in which reinforcement is dispensed may help to solve the difficulty in moving from laboratory to natural settings.

scholarly journals Adoration of the Joint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marc Honore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Natural Settings

<p>At many sites across New Zealand, industrial demands and the built environment have taken precedence over considerations for neighbouring natural settings, with a lack of threshold or transitional space between the two often leading to heavy contextual clashes. This is a prominent issue where the Korokoro Recreation Reserve meets the numerous industrial sites at Cornish Street in Lower Hutt, Wellington.  The aim of this research is to address these fragile contextual issues with an architectural intervention that acts like a joint on multiple theoretical levels, furthering our understanding of how architecture can contribute to the landscape, establishing a narrative between two conflicting conditions while establishing a transitional threshold between them.  Marco Frascari and Kenneth Frampton write on the theory of synecdoche in architecture and the capacity of details as generators, evidencing the skilful joining and consideration of parts, defined as ‘a process of signification’ resulting in synecdochal architecture, in which a part is made to represent the whole and vice versa. When architecture evidences synecdoche, a sensitive viewer can understand an architectural intervention’s underlying meaning and understand architecture as a set of dialogues. Through these means of enabling a greater understanding of architecture, the humble joint provides a didactic role, and through this didactic capability people may come to see and understand the important role that architecture can play in the context of its natural environment.</p>

Towards a Virtual Enterprise Architecture for the Environmental Sector

2008 ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Athanasiadis
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Virtual Enterprise ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Management Ownership ◽  
Service Oriented

This chapter introduces a Virtual Enterprise architecture for environmental information management, integration and dissemination. On a daily basis, our knowledge related to ecological phenomena, the degradation of the natural environment and the sustainability of human activity impacts, is growing. As a consequence raises the need for effective environmental knowledge exchange and reuse. In this work, a solution among collaborating peers forming a Virtual Enterprise is investigated. Following an analysis of the main stakeholders, a service-oriented architecture is proposed. Technical implementation options, using web-services or software agents, are considered and issues related to environmental information management, ownership and standardization are discussed.

Creating Inclusive Functional Content Using Dot-Codes

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Jenn Gallup ◽  
Celal Perihan ◽  
Yoshie Tatsuma ◽  
Shigeru Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Support Functional ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
Functional Content

The purpose of this chapter is to assist educators in understanding how to create handmade content to support functional skills, following a multi-step recipe will serve as the example, while the application of dot codes can be applied to other content areas as well as support transfer of skills to the home environment. Students are using the speaking-pen in both the home and classroom conditions to support repeated trials in their natural environment. A succinct description of implementing dot-codes into the classroom to support functional skills specific to individuals with ASD will be shared. This chapter will focus on following a multi-step recipe; however, the implementation can be applied to multiple areas of functional instruction.

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