Sentence processing in language-impaired children under conditions of filtering and time compression

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Stark ◽  
James W. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
On Line ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Monitoring Performance

ABSTRACTNineteen language-impaired (LI) and 20 language-normal (LN) children participated in an on-line word-monitoring task. Words were presented in lists and in sentences readily comprehended by younger children. The sentences were unaltered, tow-pass filtered, and time- compressed. Both groups had shorter mean response times (MRTs), but lower accuracy, for words in sentences than words in lists. The LI children had significantly longer MRTs under sentence conditions and lower accuracy overall than the LN children. Filtering had an adverse effect upon accuracy and MRT for both subject groups. Time compression did not, suggesting that the reduction in high-frequency information and the rate of presentation exert different effects. Subject differences in attention, as well as in linguistic competence and motor control, may have influenced word-monitoring performance.

The Relevance of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic Module Packaging in the 5G Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000773-000778
Author(s):  
Ton Schless
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
On Line ◽  
4G Lte

Abstract 5th Generation Telecommunications Technology, 5G, is emerging to provide the market with even higher data rates and bandwidth and lower response times than the 4th generation telecommunications technology, 4G/LTE, that is currently deployed. With commercial 5G networks coming on-line in 2020 the network providers and infrastructure companies are quickly developing devices and systems to meet the demand of the 5G market. Since high data rates and high bandwidths demand high frequency microwave, MW, devices, Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic, LTCC, is one of the materials of choice for those modules in a 5G system that require the high 3D integration, high signal integrity, high reliability and high power performance of LTCC. LTCC has proven for more than two decades now to exhibit these qualities in high-frequency telecommunication applications. This paper explores the relevance of LTCC technology in the module packaging market in the 5G market.

Team Organization and Monitoring Performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian O. Morrissette ◽  
John P. Hornseth ◽  
Kathy Shellar
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Milk Glass ◽  
Team Organization ◽  
Monitoring Performance

Monitoring performance of individuals and two-man teams was examined. Two conditions of team organization were tested: Division of labor and redundancy. The task consisted of detecting critical signals randomly presented–spacially and sequentially–on one of four 1-in. (2.54-cm) circular milk-glass display windows. Response times were recorded in 0.1 second intervals. Team performance was found to be superior to individual performance. The average detection times for the two team conditions were not significantly different. Long detection times were observed under the division of labor team organization but not under the redundancy team organization. Consequently, redundancy was considered to be the more effective team organization for the monitoring task used in this study. The data suggest that the team members in a redundancy organization should work in the presence of each other and not in separated work compartments.

The time-course of competition from the L1 grammar in L2 sentence processing: Evidence from cross-linguistic structural priming

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110095
Author(s):  
Holger Hopp ◽  
Theres Grüter
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
On Line ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Comprehension Accuracy

In two visual-world eye-tracking experiments, we explore the extent to which conflicting first-language (L1) based grammatical parses influence second-language (L2) learners’ on-line and off-line interpretation of sentences in the L2. We used cross-linguistic structural priming to potentially boost competition from the L1 grammar during the processing of wh-questions in English. For L1-German learners (Experiment 1), sentence-final interpretations showed effects of conflicting L1 parses in the greater number of misinterpretations of English subject as object wh-questions than vice versa. In a follow-up experiment with a comparison group of L1-Japanese learners (Experiment 2), we found the reverse pattern in sentence-final interpretations, with lower accuracy on English object than subject wh-questions. The asymmetry in comprehension accuracy between Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the effect observed among L1-German learners reflected grammar competition from the L1 rather than general L2 effects. In both experiments, we observed cross-linguistic priming from L1 object questions to L2 object questions in on-line processing. Yet, cross-linguistic priming did not enhance competition from L1 object questions on L2 subject questions in Experiment 1 as reflected in comprehension accuracy or eye-gaze during processing. Together, these findings present evidence of cross-linguistic structural priming for equivalent interpretations (object–object), but indicate that priming does not extend to competing L1 interpretations of word-order equivalent structures cross-linguistically (object–subject). We suggest that interference from conflicting L1-based grammatical parses is narrowly delimited in intermediate to advanced L2 sentence processing.

Vocal Communications of a Developmentally Delayed Child

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Romski ◽  
Sharon Ellis Joyner ◽  
Rose A. Sevcik
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Word Acquisition ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Vocal Communications ◽  
Impaired Children

Studies of first-word acquisition in typical language-learning children frequently take the form of diary studies. Comparable diary data from language-impaired children with developmental delays, however, are not currently available. This report describes the spontaneous vocalizations of a child with a developmental delay for 14 months, from the time he was age 6:5 to age 7:7. From a corpus of 285 utterances, 47 phonetic forms were identified and categorized. Analysis focused on semantic, communicative, and phonological usage patterns.

Accuracy of Four Language Analysis Procedures Performed Automatically

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Long ◽  
Ron W. Channell
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Human Coder ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Metalinguistic Skills

Most software for language analysis has relied on an interaction between the metalinguistic skills of a human coder and the calculating ability of the machine to produce reliable results. However, probabilistic parsing algorithms are now capable of highly accurate and completely automatic identification of grammatical word classes. The program Computerized Profiling combines a probabilistic parser with modules customized to produce four clinical grammatical analyses: MLU, LARSP, IPSyn, and DSS. The accuracy of these analyses was assessed on 69 language samples from typically developing, speech-impaired, and language-impaired children, 2 years 6 months to 7 years 10 months. Values obtained with human coding and by the software alone were compared. Results for all four analyses produced automatically were comparable to published data on the manual interrater reliability of these procedures. Clinical decisions based on cutoff scores and productivity data were little affected by the use of automatic rather than human-generated analyses. These findings bode well for future clinical and research use of automatic language analysis software.

Phonological and Spatial Processing Abilities in Language- and Reading-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi ◽  
Hugh W. Catts ◽  
Daria Mauer ◽  
Kenn Apel ◽  
Betholyn F. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Paper Folding ◽  
Syllable Segmentation ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

In the present study, we further examined (see Kamhi & Catts, 1986) the phonological processing abilities of language-impaired (LI) and reading-impaired (RI) children. We also evaluated these children's ability to process spatial information. Subjects were 10 LI, 10 RI, and 10 normal children between the ages of 6:8 and 8:10 years. Each subject was administered eight tasks: four word repetition tasks (monosyllabic, monosyllabic presented in noise, three-item, and multisyllabic), rapid naming, syllable segmentation, paper folding, and form completion. The normal children performed significantly better than both the LI and RI children on all but two tasks: syllable segmentation and repeating words presented in noise. The LI and RI children performed comparably on every task with the exception of the multisyllabic word repetition task. These findings were consistent with those from our previous study (Kamhi & Catts, 1986). The similarities and differences between LI and RI children are discussed.

Object Transformations in the Play of Language-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Y. Terrell ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Impaired Children

The play behavior of 10 language-impaired children was observed. Their performances in play were compared to those of 10 normal-language children matched for chronological age as well as to those of 10 normal-language children matched for mean length of utterance. The children were observed as they played spontaneously with a standard group of toys and as they played with objects that required object transformations for successful play. The chronological age-matched normal subjects showed a trend toward performance of more object transformations in play than either the language-impaired or younger normal-language children. Additionally, although object transformations were observed in both segments, all children performed more object transformations with objects than with toys.

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