Bilingualism and testing: A special case of bias. G. Valdes and R. Figueroa. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1994. Pp. 255.

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Evangeline Harris Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Leader ◽  
Special Case

Guadalupe Valdes and Richard Figueroa carefully and clearly craft an argument for why bilingualism and testing constitute a special case of bias that continues to have serious consequences for today's school-age minority population in the United States. This argument could not be more timely, given the drive in the United States for standards and a rising wave of state-mandated standardized testing programs for all students, including bilinguals. Perhaps a summary of this book should be on the desk of every educational leader and policymaker charged with the mandate of administering standardized tests to bilingual students and comparing their scores with those of monolingual groups for the purpose of special education and vocational placements.

Speech-Language Pathology in the Peace Corps: Necessity and Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language Pathology

In countries other than the United States, the study and practice of speech-language pathology is little known or nonexistent. Recognition of professionals in the field is minimal. Speech-language pathologists in countries where speech-language pathology is a widely recognized and respected profession often seek to share their expertise in places where little support is available for individuals with communication disorders. The Peace Corps offers a unique, long-term volunteer opportunity to people with a variety of backgrounds, including speech-language pathologists. Though Peace Corps programs do not specifically focus on speech-language pathology, many are easily adapted to the profession because they support populations of people with disabilities. This article describes how the needs of local children with communication disorders are readily addressed by a Special Education Peace Corps volunteer.

Exploring Stakeholder and Parent Perspectives of a County Response to Adolescent Vaping and E-Cigarette Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262199349
Author(s):  
Natasha Kurji ◽  
Thomas Koza ◽  
Amanda Sharp ◽  
Kathleen Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
School Age ◽  
Parent Perspectives ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Hillsborough County

In the United States, regular cigarette use has steadily declined over the years; however, it has been met with an increase in vaping and e-cigarette use. In Tampa, Florida, this trend has been found especially prevalent among school-aged youth. To combat issues of substance use among youth and prevent criminalization for nonviolent crimes, school-age youth cited for use and possession of tobacco products in Hillsborough County were mandated to attend the Youth Tobacco Awareness Course (YTAC). The aim of this study was to investigate YTAC for its perceived effectiveness and usefulness in mitigating adolescent e-cigarette use. Classroom observations, parent focus groups, and program stakeholder interviews were conducted to comprehensively evaluate this program. Findings from this evaluation led to a deeper understanding of the barriers and facilitators to an effective course, the needs and perceptions of program stakeholders, as well as recommendations for improved future interventions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a 38 L Explosive Chamber for Testing Coal Dust Explosibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert Eades ◽  
Kyle Perry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Underground Coal Mine ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Dust Explosions

Coal dust explosions are the deadliest disasters facing the coal mining industry. Research has been conducted globally on this topic for decades. The first explosibility tests in the United States were performed by the Bureau of Mines using a 20 L chamber. This serves as the basis for all standardized tests used for combustible dusts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of a new 38 L chamber for testing coal dust explosions. The 38 L chamber features design modifications to model the unique conditions present in an underground coal mine when compared to other industries where combustible dust hazards are present. A series of explosibility tests were conducted within the explosive chamber using a sample of Pittsburgh pulverized coal dust and a five kJ Sobbe igniter. Analysis to find the maximum pressure ratio and Kst combustible dust parameter was performed for each trial. Based upon this analysis, observations are made for each concentration regarding whether the explosibility test was under-fueled or over-fueled. Based upon this analysis, a recommendation for future explosibility testing concentrations is made.

Clinical correlates of laterality among school-age children in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-639
Author(s):  
Nancy Lu ◽  
Devyn C. Rigsby ◽  
Sarah A. Keim ◽  
Eli Rapoport ◽  
Andrew Adesman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Clinical Correlates

scholarly journals Aging and Disability Among Hispanics in the United States: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Kyriakos S Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Population

Abstract Background and Objectives Hispanics are the most rapidly aging minority population in the United States. Our objective is to provide a summary of current knowledge regarding disability among Hispanics, and to propose an agenda for future research. Research Design and Methods A literature review was conducted to identify major areas of research. A life course perspective and the Hispanic Paradox were used as frameworks for the literature review and for identifying future areas of research. Results Four research areas were identified: (1) Ethnic disparities in disability; (2) Heterogeneity of the U.S. older Hispanic population; (3) Risk factors for disability; and (4) Disabled life expectancy. Older Hispanics are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to be disabled or to become disabled. Disability varied by country of origin, nativity, age of migration, and duration in the United States. Important risk factors for disability included chronic health conditions, depression, and cognitive impairment. Protective factors included positive affect and physical activity. Older Hispanics have longer life expectancy than non-Hispanic whites but spend a greater proportion of old age disabled. Future research should continue to monitor trends in disability as younger generations of Hispanics reach old age. Attention needs to be given to regional variation within the United States for disability prevalence, early-life risk factors, and factors that may contribute to variation in disabled life expectancy. There is also an urgent need for interventions that can effectively prevent or delay the onset of disability in older Hispanics. Discussion and Implications Considerable research has examined disability among older Hispanics, but continued research is needed. It is important that research findings be used to inform public policies that can address the burden of disability for older Hispanic populations.

Assessment for Monitoring of Education Systems: The U.S. Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Erin M. Fahle ◽  
Benjamin R. Shear ◽  
Kenneth A. Shores
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Monitoring ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Monitoring Test ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Standardized tests are regularly used as education system monitoring tools to compare the average performance of students living in different states or belonging to different subgroups (e.g., defined by race/ethnicity, sex, or parental income) and to track their progress over time. This article describes some uses and design features of tests in system monitoring contexts. We provide the example of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the only large-scale system monitoring test in the United States. The availability of NAEP data, in turn, has facilitated the construction of the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA), a publicly available database that can be used to describe patterns of achievement for nearly all school districts in the United States. Here, we discuss progress in and challenges to the use of standardized tests as system monitoring tools.

GED: An Option for Students with Visual Impairments

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cassels ◽  
O.V. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preparation Program ◽  
General Equivalency Diploma ◽  
Ged Preparation

The general equivalency diploma (GED), which is an equivalent high school credential, is authorized by all states in the United States and is recognized as a diploma by both colleges and employers. This article describes the development and implementation of a GED-preparation program at the New York Institute for Special Education, which serves students who are visually impaired.

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