Morphological processing of Chinese compounds from a grammatical view

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHIL D. LIU ◽  
CATHERINE McBRIDE-CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Visual Priming ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect

ABSTRACTIn the present study, morphological structure processing of Chinese compounds was explored using a visual priming lexical decision task among 21 Hong Kong college students. Two compounding structures were compared. The first type was the subordinate, in which one morpheme modifies the other (e.g., 籃 球 [laam4 kau4, basket-ball, basketball]), similar to most English compounds (e.g., a snowman is a man made of snow and toothpaste is a paste for teeth; the second morpheme is the “head,” modified morpheme). The second type was the coordinative, in which both morphemes contribute equally to the meaning of the word. An example in Chinese is 花 草 (faa1 cou2, flower grass, i.e., plant). There are virtually no examples of this type in English, but an approximate equivalent phrase might be in and out, in which neither in nor out is more important than the other in comprising the expression. For the subordinate Chinese compound words, the same structure in prime and target facilitated the semantic priming effect, whereas for coordinative Chinese compound words, the same structure across prime and target inhibited the semantic priming effect. Results suggest that lexical processing of Chinese compounds is influenced by compounding structure processing.

Semantic Priming Effect of Metaphor Constituent Terms

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Class Inclusion ◽  
Inclusion Model ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
The Asymmetry

Camac and Glucksberg reported there was no priming effect between constituent terms of a metaphor and argued that there was no prior similarity or association between the constituents. However, their study had several limitations. An important one was that they neglected the asymmetry of metaphor constituent terms. The purpose of this study is to replicate their experiment under the condition in which one of the constituents preceded the other. The experiment was conducted with Japanese participants using Japanese metaphoric sentences as stimuli. The results showed that the decision was facilitated if the vehicle served as prime and the topic served as target. In contrast, if the topic preceded the vehicle, no priming effect was found. These results are discussed in terms of the class inclusion model proposed earlier by Glucksberg and Keysar.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in semantic priming effect with a lexical decision task in patients after left hemisphere stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT Investigations on the semantic priming effect (SPE) in patients after left hemisphere (LH) lesions have shown disparities that may be explained by the variability in performance found among patients. The aim of the present study was to verify the existence of subgroups of patients after LH stroke by searching for dissociations between performance on the lexical decision task based on the semantic priming paradigm and performance on direct memory, semantic association and language tasks. All 17 patients with LH lesions after stroke (ten non-fluent aphasics and seven non aphasics) were analyzed individually. Results indicated the presence of three groups of patients according to SPE: one exhibiting SPE at both stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), one with SPE only at long SOA, and another, larger group with no SPE.

scholarly journals Semantic Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Comparing third Graders and College Students in two Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Differences in the semantic priming effect comparing child and adult performance have been found by some studies. However, these differences are not well established, mostly because of the variety of methods used by researchers around the world. One of the main issues concerns the absence of semantic priming effects on children at stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) smaller than 300ms. The aim of this study was to compare the semantic priming effect between third graders and college students at two different SOAs: 250ms and 500ms. Participants performed lexical decisions to targets which were preceded by semantic related or unrelated primes. Semantic priming effects were found at both SOAs in the third graders' group and in college students. Despite the fact that there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of semantic priming effects when SOA was 250ms, at the 500ms SOA their magnitude was bigger in children, corroborating previous studies. Hypotheses which could explain the presence of semantic priming effects in children's performance when SOA was 250ms are discussed, as well as hypotheses for the larger magnitude of semantic priming effects in children when SOA was 500ms.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC PRIMING EFFECT ON SURVEY RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Olha Filonik ◽  
Svitlana Winters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Empirical Significance ◽  
Survey Results

This article presents the findings of an experimental study focusing on the effect of semantic priming on survey respondents. The study involved manipulation of survey questions so that one version included priming triggers and the other one did not. The two versions of the survey were tested on two groups of Canadians (50 respondents each). The results confirmed the authors’ hypotheses, as they demonstrated that the inclusion of the priming triggers activated the relevant concepts in respondents’ minds and, as a result, they included concepts similar to those triggers in their responses to open-ended questions. To be precise, respondents who were exposed to priming triggers “one”, “first” and “three”, as well as “saving on food”, were significantly more likely to say they shop one or three times a week and to recall the grocery store “Save-On-Foods” in an unaided recall qustion. The findings in this study have theoretical and empirical significance and should be taken into consideration by all the researchers who design questionnaires in their research projects. Based on this research, one can conclude that a researcher who designs questionnaires should be cautions and make sure to sequence questions in a way that would minimize the priming effect on questions following priming triggers.

Head position and the mental representation of nominal compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marelli ◽  
Davide Crepaldi ◽  
Claudio Luzzatti
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Nominal Compounds ◽  
Internal Head

There is a significant body of psycholinguistic evidence that supports the hypothesis of an access to constituent representation during the mental processing of compound words. However it is not clear whether the internal hierarchy of the constituents (i.e., headedness) plays a role in their mental lexical processing and it is not possible to disentangle the effect of headedness from that of constituent position in languages that admit only head-final compounds, like English or Dutch. The present study addresses this issue in two constituent priming experiments (SOA 300ms) with a lexical decision task. Italian endocentric (head-initial and head-final) and exocentric nominal compounds were employed as stimuli and the position of the primed constituent was manipulated. A first-level priming effect was found, confirming the automatic access to constituent representation. Moreover, in head-final compounds data reveal a larger priming effect for the head than for the modifying constituent. These results suggest that different kinds of compounds have a different representation at mental level: while head-final compounds are represented with an internal head-modifier hierarchy, head-initial and exocentric compounds have a lexicalised, internally flat representation.

scholarly journals Multi-talker background and semantic priming effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dekerle ◽  
Véronique Boulenger ◽  
Michel Hoen ◽  
Fanny Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect

scholarly journals Evidence for Early Morphological Decomposition: Combining Masked Priming with Magnetoencephalography

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3366-3379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Lehtonen ◽  
Philip J. Monahan ◽  
David Poeppel
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Morphological Decomposition ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Prime Target

Are words stored as morphologically structured representations? If so, when during word recognition are morphological pieces accessed? Recent masked priming studies support models that assume early decomposition of (potentially) morphologically complex words. The electrophysiological evidence, however, is inconsistent. We combined masked morphological priming with magneto-encephalography (MEG), a technique particularly adept at indexing processes involved in lexical access. The latency of an MEG component peaking, on average, 220 msec post-onset of the target in left occipito-temporal brain regions was found to be sensitive to the morphological prime–target relationship under masked priming conditions in a visual lexical decision task. Shorter latencies for related than unrelated conditions were observed both for semantically transparent (cleaner–CLEAN) and opaque (corner–CORN) prime–target pairs, but not for prime–target pairs with only an orthographic relationship (brothel–BROTH). These effects are likely to reflect a prelexical level of processing where form-based representations of stems and affixes are represented and are in contrast to models positing no morphological structure in lexical representations. Moreover, we present data regarding the transitional probability from stem to affix in a post hoc comparison, which suggests that this factor may modulate early morphological decomposition, particularly for opaque words. The timing of a robust MEG component sensitive to the morphological relatedness of prime–target pairs can be used to further understand the neural substrates and the time course of lexical processing.

scholarly journals SPAML: Semantic Priming Across Many Languages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Michelle Buchanan ◽  
Kelly Cuccolo ◽  
Nicholas Alvaro Coles ◽  
Aishwarya Iyer ◽  
Neil Anthony Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Word Pair ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect

Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. These studies provide evidence of cognitive underpinnings of the structure and organization of semantic representation in both healthy and clinical populations. In this registered report, we propose to create a large database of semantic priming values, alleviating the sample size and limited language issues with previous studies in this area. Consequently, this database will include semantic priming data across multiple languages using an adaptive sampling procedure. This study will test the size of semantic priming effect and its variability across languages. Results will support semantic priming when reduced response latencies are found for related word-pair conditions in comparison to unrelated word-pair conditions. Differences in semantic priming across languages will be supported when priming effect confidence intervals do not overlap.

Morpho-orthographic segmentation of opaque and transparent derived words: New evidence for Spanish

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097703
Author(s):  
Miguel Lázaro ◽  
Lorena García ◽  
Víctor Illera
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
New Evidence

Semantic transparency has been extensively analysed in research on visual word recognition. Under the masked priming paradigm, it has consistently been shown that opaque and transparent words are facilitated relative to form-related controls, but differences in priming between one condition and another have not been conclusively proven. Hence, research has been unable to theoretically elucidate the possible value of semantic transparency in the processing of derived words. This study describes two lexical decision experiments in Spanish. Experiment 1 revealed differences between the transparent and orthographic conditions, with no differences between the other conditions in the analyses of the error rates. In the second experiment, the participants visited the laboratory on two occasions, separated by a week. The task was administered twice, with participants responding to one of the experimental lists on each day. The results of this second experiment revealed significant differences in the size of the priming effect of the opaque and transparent conditions compared with the form-related condition, but without differences between these two effects. We discuss these findings from the perspective of current models of visual lexical processing.

scholarly journals Semantic Priming in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Subjects: Effect of Different Time of Presentation of Word-Pairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Guglielmi ◽  
Davide Quaranta ◽  
Ilaria Mega ◽  
Emanuele Maria Costantini ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Introduction: Semantic memory is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Two main hypotheses about this finding are debated and refer to the degradation of stored knowledge versus the impairment of semantic access mechanisms. The aim of our study is to evaluate semantic impairment in MCI versus healthy subjects (HS) by an experiment evaluating semantic priming. Methods: We enrolled 27 MCI and 20 HS. MCI group were divided, according to follow up, into converters-MCI and non converters-MCI. The semantic task consisted of 108 pairs of words, 54 of which were semantically associated. Stimuli were presented 250 or 900 ms later the appearance of the target in a randomized manner. Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results: Both HS and MCI answered more quickly for word than for non-word at both stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) intervals. At 250 ms, both MCI and HS experienced a shorter time of response for related-word than for unrelated words (priming effect), while only the converters-MCI subgroup lost the priming effect. Further, we observed a rather larger Cohen’s d effect size in non converters-MCI than in converters-MCI. Conclusion: Our data, and in particular the absence of a semantic priming effect in converters-MCI, could reflect the impairment of semantic knowledge rather than the accessibility of semantic stores in MCI individuals that progress to dementia.

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