EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) hasil belajar kewirausahaan yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw lebih tinggi dibandingkan hasil belajar kewirausahaan yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, (2) secara keseluruhan, siswa yang memilki minat belajar tinggi lebih tinggi hasil belajar kewirausahaan, dibandingkan dengan siswa yang memiliki minat belajar, (3) terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan minat belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar kewirausahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan faktorial 2 x 2. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis varian dua jalur dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 dengan Uji F, pengujian lanjut menggunakan Uji Scheffe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa SMK Negeri 8 Medan yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD,pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 dengan Fh sebesar 6,49 dan Ftabel = 4,00, jadi Fhitung > Ftabel = 6,49 >4,00. Hipotesis telah teruji kebenarannya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, (2) hasil perhitungan tentang perbedaan hasil belajar kewirausahaan antara kelompok siswa yang memiliki minat belaja rtinggi dan rendah pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 dengan Fh sebesar 28,15 dan Ftabel = 4,00jadi Fhitung> Ftabel = 28,15 >4,00, maka hipotesis telah teruji kebenarannya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, (3) besarnya rata-rata hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa untuk setiap kelompok pembelajaran A1B1 = 91,94dan A1B2 = 78,59 sedangkan A2B1 = 83,06 dan A2B2 = 79,65. Hasil perhitungan Anava factorial 2x2 diperoleh hasil perhitungan Fh = 8,52 dan harga tabel Ft = 4,00 adalah Ft(0,05)(1,64) = 4,00, sehingga dapat dinyatakan Fh (8,52) > Ft (4,00), Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Model, Minat Belajar, Hasil Belajar Kewirausahaan Abstract: This research means to know: (1) The learning result of enterprise of student that thought by JIGSAW type cooperative learning model higher than the result of the enterprise which thought by cooperative learning model STAD type.(2) By all the students who have to learn high interest higher than the result of enterprise study compare with the student who has low-interest learning.(3) There is the interaction between the learning model and the learning interest of students to study enterprise from the student. The technic of taking a sample is used sample Cluster Random Sampling based on student interest so that this research sample in learning group and each group consist of 33 students for the experiment, and 35 students for the control group. The research method which used is experiment quasi with factorial 2x2 analysis technic which used is variant analysis two ways significant level a =0.05 by testing F, the test continues to use scheffe test. The research result mention = (1) learning result of students enterprise that thought with cooperative learning model JIGSAW type higher than cooperative learning model STAD type, at significant level a= 0.05 with Fh as big as 6.49 and = 4 Ftable 00 so Fcount >Ftable=6.49 > 4.00 Hypothesis has tasted its correctness Ha is given and he is refused (2) the calculation result about the difference of learning result enterprise between the group of students who have high study interest and low at a significant level a =0.05 with Fa as big as 28.15 and F table= 4.00 so F count > Ftable =28.15 >4.00 so hypothesis has tested its correctness. Ha is given and Ho is refused,(3) its big average the result of students enterprise learning for each learning group XA1.B1 = 91.94 and XA1 B2 =78.59 whereas XA2B1 =83.06 and XA2B2 =79.65 the calculation result factorial ANOVA 2x2 is received the result of calculation Fh=8.52 and table prise F1=4.00 is Ft (0.05) (1.64)=4.00 Keywords: Effect of Model, Interest Of Student, Result of Enterprise

ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY DAN TAKUT GAGAL - MANA YANG LEBIH BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KECURANGAN AKADEMIK?

Salah satu proses evaluasi yang dilakukan untuk menentukan kelulusan siswa SMA di Indonesia adalah melalui Ujian Nasional (UN) dan Ujian Sekolah Berbasis Nasional (USBN). UN maupun USBN tidak terlepas dari berbagai kecurangan akademik. Dari berbagai penelitian terdahulu, sebagian besar siswa pernah melakukan kecurangan akademik dalam berbagai bentuk. Terdapat banyak faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku kecurangan akademik, di antaranya adalah academic self-efficacy dan takut akan kegagalan. Academic self-efficacy memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kecurangan akademik dan di sisi lain, takut akan kegagalan memiliki hubungan positif dengan perilaku kecurangan akademik. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan keduanya merupakan faktor dominan dalam perilaku kecurangan akademik sehingga salah satu tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin melihat pengaruh kedua variabel terhadap kecurangan akademik ketika keduanya dalam kategori tinggi. Populasi partisipan penelitian merupakan siswa SMA kelas 12. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner daring dengan teknik convenience sampling. Partisipan dalam penelitian berjumlah 875 siswa dari 146 sekolah, 56 kota dan 22 provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji multiple regression dan factorial anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan academic self-efficacy dan takut akan kegagalan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kecurangan akademik. Makin tinggi academic self-efficacy dan makin rendah takut akan kegagalan berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan akademik yang makin rendah dan begitu pula sebaliknya. Namun demikian, kecurangan akademik berada dalam kategori tinggi jika derajat takut akan kegagalan tinggi meskipun dengan academic self-efficacy yang tinggi. Pengaruh keduanya terhadap kecurangan akademik dapat memberikan umpan balik kepada stakeholder untuk meningkatkan academic self- efficacy dan menurunkan takut akan kegagalan dalam upaya mengurangi perilaku kecurangan akademik yang terjadi.

Genetic Interaction between Mfrp and Adipor1 Mutations Affect Retinal Disease Phenotypes

Adipor1tm1Dgen and Mfrprd6 mutant mice share similar eye disease characteristics. Previously, studies established a functional relationship of ADIPOR1 and MFRP proteins in maintaining retinal lipidome homeostasis and visual function. However, the independent and/or interactive contribution of both the genes to similar disease phenotypes, including fundus spots, decreased axial length and photoreceptor degeneration has yet to be examined. We performed a gene-interaction study where homozygous Adipor1tm1Dgen and Mfrprd6 mice were bred together and the resulting doubly heterozygous F1 offspring were intercrossed to produce 210 F2 progeny. Four-month-old mice from all nine genotypic combinations obtained in the F2 generation were assessed for white spots by fundus photo documentation, for axial length by caliper measurements, and for photoreceptor degeneration by histology. Two-way factorial ANOVA was performed to study individual as well as gene interaction effects on each phenotype. Here, we report the first observation of reduced axial length in Adipor1tmlDgen homozygotes. We show that while Adipor1 and Mfrp interact to affect spotting and degeneration, they act independently to control axial length, highlighting the complex functional association between these two genes. Further examination of the molecular basis of this interaction may help in uncovering mechanisms by which these genes perturb ocular homeostasis.

Perceptions of authenticity towards Māori Branding: Congruence as determinator?

<p>Increasingly, both local and global organisations are implementing indigenous branding in their market offerings, regardless of whether they have ancestral connections to indigenous culture. However, numerous criticisms and claims of cultural appropriation have been raised in response to organisations’ commercialisation and commodification of indigenous culture through indigenous branding. This raises questions about the authentic and appropriate use of indigenous culture, language and iconography in commerce, particularly with regards to consumers perceptions of authenticity towards this use. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand consumers’ perceptions of authenticity in the context of indigenous (Māori) branding and organisational values. In this study, a 2x2x2 between-subjects experimental design was conducted using an online questionnaire. Subjects in the study were presented with a scenario communicating information about a brands values (either conventional or tikanga Māori), and their proposed brand concept (either orthodox or Māori branding). As the purpose of the study was to investigate both Māori and non-Māori perspectives, the sample was comprised of 570 adult Māori and non-Māori consumers currently living in New Zealand. These subjects were randomly distributed to one of the eight experimental conditions. Data from the questionnaire was analysed using a factorial ANOVA. The findings indicate that congruence among branding, organisational values and consumers’’ ethnic identification exerts the most leverage on consumers’ authenticity perceptions. Although, Māori consumers also perceived congruent (conventional) organisational values and (orthodox) branding as highly authentic. Interestingly, consumers, in general, found incongruent Māori branding and conventional values to be the least authentic, a finding attributed to issues of cultural appropriation. The results of the analyses contribute to the current understanding of perceived authenticity and indigenous brands. Moreover, this indigenous branding congruence effect extends social identity theory as it illuminates the fluidity of indigenous consumers social experiences and understandings. Managerially, marketers should be cognizant of the effects of congruence among branding, values and their target market, and make efforts to achieve congruence among these factors. If congruence cannot be achieved, then marketers should make efforts to be perceived as congruent through only communicating those factors which are congruent.</p>

Perceptions of authenticity towards Māori Branding: Congruence as determinator?

<p>Increasingly, both local and global organisations are implementing indigenous branding in their market offerings, regardless of whether they have ancestral connections to indigenous culture. However, numerous criticisms and claims of cultural appropriation have been raised in response to organisations’ commercialisation and commodification of indigenous culture through indigenous branding. This raises questions about the authentic and appropriate use of indigenous culture, language and iconography in commerce, particularly with regards to consumers perceptions of authenticity towards this use. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand consumers’ perceptions of authenticity in the context of indigenous (Māori) branding and organisational values. In this study, a 2x2x2 between-subjects experimental design was conducted using an online questionnaire. Subjects in the study were presented with a scenario communicating information about a brands values (either conventional or tikanga Māori), and their proposed brand concept (either orthodox or Māori branding). As the purpose of the study was to investigate both Māori and non-Māori perspectives, the sample was comprised of 570 adult Māori and non-Māori consumers currently living in New Zealand. These subjects were randomly distributed to one of the eight experimental conditions. Data from the questionnaire was analysed using a factorial ANOVA. The findings indicate that congruence among branding, organisational values and consumers’’ ethnic identification exerts the most leverage on consumers’ authenticity perceptions. Although, Māori consumers also perceived congruent (conventional) organisational values and (orthodox) branding as highly authentic. Interestingly, consumers, in general, found incongruent Māori branding and conventional values to be the least authentic, a finding attributed to issues of cultural appropriation. The results of the analyses contribute to the current understanding of perceived authenticity and indigenous brands. Moreover, this indigenous branding congruence effect extends social identity theory as it illuminates the fluidity of indigenous consumers social experiences and understandings. Managerially, marketers should be cognizant of the effects of congruence among branding, values and their target market, and make efforts to achieve congruence among these factors. If congruence cannot be achieved, then marketers should make efforts to be perceived as congruent through only communicating those factors which are congruent.</p>

Impact of Active Breaks in the Classroom on Mathematical Performance and Attention in Elementary School Children

Background: The increasing need to face the problem of sedentarism, especially in the COVID-19 era, induced teachers and researchers to find new intervention methodologies in school context. Active breaks (ABs) include brief periods of physical activity as a part of the curriculum. This study aimed to investigate the AB acute responses on attentive skills and mathematical performance and attention in a primary school. Methods: A total of 141 children (aged 9.61 ± 0.82), divided into six classes, participated in this study. Each class was randomly assigned to three groups on the basis of the type of protocol performed during the three ABs scheduled in a school day: fitness (FIT), creativity (CREAT), and control group (CON). At baseline and at the end of interventions, all participants underwent the Stroop Color and Word test (SCWT) and the math test (MATH) to assess the level of attention and mathematical performance, respectively. The degree of enjoyment was evaluated through the modified Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Results: The factorial ANOVA showed significant differences between the FIT and CON in MATH test (p = 0.023) and SCWT (p = 0.034). CREAT and FIT groups showed higher degree of enjoyment than the CON (both ps < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed a positive acute impact of AB interventions. FIT positively influenced attentive and math performances more than the CREAT, probably due to the correct work/rest ratio and executive rhythm that allowed children to reach a good level of exertion. This report showed that ABs can be a useful and productive activity to be performed between curricular lessons.

Thermal-cycling, simulated brushing, and beverages induced color changes and roughness of CAD/CAM poly (methyl methacrylate) denture resins

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of thermal-cycling, mechanical brushing and beverage storage on the color changes and surface roughness of conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM PMMA used to fabricate complete dentures. A total of 100 specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were fabricated from conventional PMMA resin (Heat-cured, Major. Base.20, Moncalieri, Italy) and CAD/CAM blocks (Opera system, Principauté de Monaco, French). The specimens were subjected to a combined surface treatment involving thermo-cycling, mechanical brushing, and immersed in either artificial saliva (AS), coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, or lemon juice. Colour differences (∆E) and surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a spectrophotometer and non-contact profilometer, respectively. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v.20 (α=0.05). Factorial ANOVA showed that independent factors, namely material, beverages, and the interaction between independent factors, significantly influenced ΔE (F=76.862; p<0.001) and surface roughness (F=71.685; p<0.001). The overall highest and lowest colour differences was obtained for CAD/CAM PMMA (∆E=1.93 ± 1.29) and conventional PMMA (∆E=1.41 ± 1.39) resins, respectively (p=0.061). Conventional PMMA (1.22±0.20) demonstrated significantly increased roughness compared to CAD/CAM PMMA (0.91±0.17) (p <0.001). Pearson correlation showed a low degree of correlation, which was non-significant for both the PMMA (r=0.015; p=0.917) and C-PMMA materials (r=0.097; p=0.505). CAD/CAM milled PMMA resins demonstrated greater colour change and lower surface roughness compared to conventional heat-polymerized PMMA resins. Specimens in tea and coffee demonstrated maximum colour changes and were perceivable by the human eye. On the contrary, specimens immersed in low pH acidic beverages namely Coca-Cola and lemon juice demonstrated maximum surface roughness.

effect of learning strategy and cognitive style on student’s narrative writing ability

In the class, most of the teacher use a single teaching strategy to students who have different cognitive styles when teaching narrative essays in the class. Therefore, it is necessary to improve teaching strategies in the teaching and learning process. The teaching strategies that fit with the cognitive style of students in order that the learning objective is improved. This paper investigates the effect of learning strategy and cognitive style on student’s narrative writing ability. This study was conducted on the VII grade students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ibnu Taimiyah Bogor, West Java. Treatment by level design and two-factorial ANOVA analysis with ? = 0.05 were applied in this experimental study. The sample was 40 students grouped into experiment classes and 40 students was grouped into control classes. There was a different ability in narrative writing in Bahasa Indonesia between students having field independent cognitive style (A1) and students having field dependent cognitive style (A2). Results of two-way interrow analysis of variance showed that Fcalculated (4.123) was higher than Ftable (3.97) at a significant level of ? = 0.05.

Vitamin D status and obesity in children from Chile

Background Vitamin D [25(OH)D] is essential for normal bone development and maintenance. Furthermore, its deficiency has been associated with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. Objective To determine the incidence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) among apparently healthy Chilean children (4–14 years old) from three Chilean geographic areas during May–September 2018. Materials and methods Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by a competitive protein-binding ELISA assay in 1134 children, and correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI, and geographic area were calculated. Individuals were grouped according to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (ng/ml): severe deficiency: <5; moderate deficiency: 5–10.9; mild deficiency: 11–20.9; insufficiency: 21–29.9 and sufficiency: 30–100. Results We found 80.4% of children had serum 25(OH)D deficiency, with 1.7% severe, 24.6% moderate, and 54.1% mild. In the three cities, the percentage of serum 25(OH)D deficit was increased when comparing overweight or obesity with a healthy weight. Additionally, an interaction effect was observed between geographic area, nutritional status, and serum 25(OH)D levels using the factorial ANOVA test (p = 0.038). In Antofagasta, there were more overweight children and also a higher percentage of children with VitD deficiency (<30 ng/ml) compared to Santiago or Concepción. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency in children between 4 and 14 years old in Chile (80.4%) during May–September 2018. Obese and overweight children had the highest prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency.

Repair Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Aged Resin and Glass-Matrix CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials Using Two Different Repair Systems

This study evaluates the repair bond strength of resin-matrix and glass-matrix CAD/CAM ceramic materials based on two repair systems. Thirty specimens measuring 2.5 mm in thickness were prepared from Crystal Ultra (CU), Vita Enamic (EN), Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS), and Vitablocs Mark II (VM2) materials and aged for 5000 thermal cycles. Specimens were randomly allocated into three groups: control, Monobond-S (MS) primer, and Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP). Composite resin (Tetric N Ceram) (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) was packed and light-cured onto treated specimen surfaces. Subsequently, the specimens’ shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated, and failure modes was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (a = 0.05). The factorial ANOVA revealed significant interactions between the material type and repair system, which was significant (p < 0.01). The highest and lowest SBS were obtained for CU (27.09 ± 1.11) and VM2 (4.30 ± 0.59) in MS and control groups, respectively. In all the groups, CU demonstrated higher SBS, whereas VM2 demonstrated lower SBS. There were no significant differences in SBS between EN and LU, and CS and CU in all the study groups (p > 0.05). The Monobond-S repair system provided non-significantly higher SBS compared to the MEP systems, except for VM2 and LU materials. The new resin-matrix CAD/CAM material demonstrated the highest SBS compared to the other materials for both conventional and MEP repair systems. Both repair systems showed clinically acceptable bond strength and allowed for successful repair of the resin-matrix ceramic materials.