Women, Missions and Modernity: From Anti-Slavery to Missionary Zeal, 1780s to 1840s

This paper focuses on women and the early period of the modern missionary movement from the late eighteenth century to the 1830s, considering links between the anti-slavery campaigns and the development of overseas missions within a framework of early twenty-first century understandings of modernity. There are three sections. The first discusses women's writing in relation to anti-slavery, the second examines the shift from women's anti-slavery activism at home to broader activities at home and overseas, while the third focuses on the London-based Female Education Society and its role as an organising body for women in educational work overseas. Connecting the three sections is an understanding of women's lives in a changing world, caught up in Britain's expanding empire. The women described here were mostly from Christian families in a time when religious affiliation was in a state of flux. This paper argues that women's interest in anti-slavery became enmeshed with a desire to bring education to those who would attain freedom and was encompassed in broader understandings of liberty and enlightenment. The desire to educate expanded to include the “heathen” in many parts of the world, and this paralleled the burgeoning of modern missions.

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Beyond hegemony and sisterhood: transnational Tianhou-Mazu cult in East Asia

Asian Education and Development Studies ◽

10.1108/aeds-01-2018-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

Chi-cheung Choi

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Popular Religion ◽

Religious Practice ◽

First Century ◽

Content Type ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Imperial State

Purpose Studies of Tianhou-Mazu cult have been focused on three themes: studies in Taiwan emphasize hegemonic order; studies in Hong Kong reveal a relationship of “sisterhood” alliances; and studies in Singapore highlight the important role of ethnic groups. The rebuilding of the goddess’s ancestral temple in early 1980s and her acquiring a world intangible cultural heritage status in the early twenty-first century facilitate the redefinition of overseas Chinese’s religious affiliation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this global development of the cult from the 1980s and its ritual implication in overseas Chinese communities. Design/methodology/approach This paper, by comparing the Tianhou-Mazu cult in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asian Chinese settlements, argues that from sisters to descended replicas, or from local alliances to global hegemony, the cult of Tianhou-Mazu since the 1980s has not only replaced local culture with an emphasis on “high culture,” but also represents a religious strategy regarding local people’s interpretation of correctness and authority. Findings This paper argues that despite the imposition of hegemonic power from various authorities, popular religion is a matter of choice. This reflects how local religious practice is construed according to the interpretation of global cultural languages by the elite Chinese; their decision of when and how to reconnect with the goddess’s ancestral temple or the “imperial state,” or to form alliances with other local communities; and the implementation of the local government’s cultural policy. Originality/value This paper is one of the few attempts comparing development of a folk cult in various communities.

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1. Origins

The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780190079819.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. xx-13

Author(s):

Linda Greenhouse

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

National Court ◽

First Century ◽

Secure Base ◽

Early Twenty ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

At Home

How does the Supreme Court in the early twenty-first century differ with regard to the intentions of the Framers in 1787? “Origins” looks at the Court’s development from a diffuse institution, with judges based at home or traveling around the country, to a secure base in the Capitol. Ever since Article III announced a national court with the authority to decide cases “arising under” the country’s Constitution, the role of the Supreme Court has been a matter of dispute. From the beginning, the Court has filled in the blanks contained in Article III. How has the modern Court become able to define and exercise its own power?

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Introduction

Travel and Home in Homer's Odyssey and Contemporary Literature ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198814016.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Carol Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Practical Reasoning ◽

Return Time ◽

First Century ◽

Creative Potential ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

Literary Encounters ◽

At Home

This book is an experiment in improvisatory criticism, and the introduction lays out a new interpretive rationale for reading Homer’s Odyssey together with a series of twentieth- and early twenty-first-century novels that share that poem’s interest in travel and return. Philosophers and musicians alike highlight the productive nature of improvisation—we gain new understanding of ourselves through improvised encounters with others in an inherently experimental and even deceptive process of self-enactment. Odysseus is famous for his metis, exactly the kind of experimental or practical reasoning upon which improvisation depends, and close readings of his encounters abroad with the Cyclops and at home with Eumaeus, Telemachus, Penelope, and Laertes show that Odysseus’ lies and acts of deception do not temporarily disguise his true identity but rather enable him to construct himself and his world in new ways. Read in this improvisatory context, the Odyssey is shown to focus on the creative instability of what it means to be Odysseus and these insights about the creative potential of the improvisatory encounter extend to my goals for the book overall. By putting the Odyssey in contact with other texts, we as readers are participating in a kind of improvisatory interpretive experiment—each text emerges from these literary encounters in a new light, and spaces are opened up for new readings. Rather than remain a stable text to which we as readers return time and again to find it unchanged, the Odyssey, together with the texts with which it engages, changes and adapts with each new literary encounter.

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Jazz Bubble

10.1525/california/9780520279377.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dale Chapman

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Political Economy ◽

Social Practice ◽

Global Economy ◽

First Century ◽

Music Culture ◽

Social Trends ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Early Twenty ◽

A Site

Hailed by corporate, philanthropic, and governmental organizations as a metaphor for democratic interaction and business dynamics, contemporary jazz culture has a story to tell about the relationship between political economy and social practice in the era of neoliberal capitalism. The Jazz Bubble approaches the emergence of the neoclassical jazz aesthetic since the 1980s as a powerful, if unexpected, point of departure for a wide-ranging investigation of important social trends during this period. The emergence of financialization as a key dimension of the global economy shapes a variety of aspects of contemporary jazz culture, and jazz culture comments upon this dimension in turn. During the stateside return of Dexter Gordon in the mid-1970s, the cultural turmoil of the New York fiscal crisis served as a crucial backdrop to understanding the resonance of Gordon’s appearances in the city. The financial markets directly inform the structural upheaval that major label jazz subsidiaries must navigate in the music industry of the early twenty-first century, and they inform the disruptive impact of urban redevelopment in communities that have relied upon jazz as a site of economic vibrancy. In examining these issues, The Jazz Bubble seeks to intensify conversations surrounding music, culture, and political economy.

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Voters and Voting in Context

10.1093/oso/9780198792130.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Harald Schoen ◽

Sigrid Roßteutscher ◽

Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck ◽

Bernhard Weßels ◽

Christof Wolf

Keyword(s):

Voting Behavior ◽

Contextual Effects ◽

First Century ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Opinion Formation ◽

Contextual Features ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Rich Data ◽

Theoretical Issues

After a brief review of the scholarly discussion about the idea that context affects political behavior, this chapter proposes a model for the analysis of contextual effects on opinion formation and voting behavior. It highlights theoretical issues in the interplay of various contextual features and voter predispositions in bringing about contextual effects on voters. This model guides the analyses of contextual effects on voter behavior in Germany in the early twenty-first century. These analyses draw on rich data from multiple voter surveys and various sources of information about contextual features. The chapter also gives an overview of different methodological approaches and challenges in the analysis of contextual effects on voting behavior.

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Continuing Visions

10.1093/oso/9780198813279.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Freedman

Keyword(s):

Social Activism ◽

William Blake ◽

First Century ◽

Ridley Scott ◽

American Novel ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Protest Group ◽

Late Twentieth ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

Dead Man

The questions that drove Blake’s American reception, from its earliest moments in the nineteenth century through to the explosion of Blakeanism in the mid-twentieth century, did not disappear. Visions of America continued to be part of Blake’s late twentieth- and early twenty-first century American legacy. This chapter begins with the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by the British Ridley Scott but had an American-authored screenplay and was based on a 1968 American novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It moves to Jim Jarmusch’s 1995 film, Dead Man and Paul Chan’s twenty-first century social activism as part of a protest group called The Friends of William Blake, exploring common themes of democracy, freedom, limit, nationhood, and poetic shape.

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Dewey and Pragmatist Feminist Philosophy

The Oxford Handbook of Dewey ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190491192.013.34 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 270-290

Author(s):

Lisa Heldke

Keyword(s):

Political Philosophy ◽

Philosophy Of Education ◽

Family Members ◽

Value Theory ◽

Feminist Epistemology ◽

First Century ◽

Feminist Philosophy ◽

Small Field ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Late Twentieth

John Dewey’s record as a feminist and an advocate of women is mixed. He valued women intellectual associates whose influences he acknowledged, but did not develop theoretical articulations of the reasons for women’s subordination and marginalization. Given his mixed record, this chapter asks, how useful is Dewey’s work as a resource for feminist philosophy? It begins with a survey of the intellectual influences that connect Dewey with a set of women family members, colleagues, and students. It then discusses Dewey’s influence on the work of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century pragmatist feminist philosophers. Dewey’s influence has been strongest in the fields of feminist epistemology, philosophy of education, and social and political philosophy. Although pragmatist feminist philosophy remains a small field within feminist philosophy, this chapter argues that its conceptual resources could be put to further good use, particularly in feminist metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory.

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