The article presents aspects of the legal regulation of international scientific cooperation aimed at the creation and operation of unique scientific installations of the “megascience” class. On the example of scientific projects CERN, ITER and XFEL, the individual features of legal regulation are analyzed: the legal basis, the key provisions of the concluded international agreements, as well as the relationship with the Russian legislation. On the basis of the analysis and generalization, the authors identify the features of legal regulation, which should be taken into account when creating future scientific projects of the “megascience” class.
Scientific connections between Polish People’s Republic and The Second Yugoslavia were a very important element of the bilateral relations between both countries. The mechanisms and rules of the scientific cooperation were similar to the rules and mechanisms of the cultural cooperation and faced the same constraints and possibilities. Types of institutions existing in the field of culture had their correspondences in the field of science and education. Developing of the scientific cooperation was not a strategic aim for both countries in the interwar period as well as during the Communism due to the situation on the international political scene. In the era of globalization, in the context of international scientific cooperation, interslavic relations has become the weakest in the last two centuries. Nowadays, even more than before, the scientific cooperation between all Slavic countries depends on individuals and their involvement.
Chapter 11 deals with the slow process of restoring international scientific cooperation after the end of the World War, highlighting the Dutch role and Lorentz’s untiring efforts in the various, at first unsuccessful attempts to include German scientists in international scientific cooperative bodies. In particular, his important role as member and later chairman of the commission for international intellectual cooperation of the League of Nations (CICI) is discussed.
Chapter 9 contains a description of Lorentz’s role in the Dutch and international peace movement and his efforts to keep communication alive between the scientific communities of the two warring parties during World War One. It deals with the differences in the political opinions between scientists in Germany and in other parts of Europe, as well as various efforts, particularly on the part of Lorentz, to salvage international scientific cooperation.
Chapter 12 deals with Lorentz’s final years as a renowned physicist who traveled extensively. It describes the festivities around the golden anniversary of his doctorate and his seventieth birthday and how he received a multitude of national and international honors and tributes and was a sought-after speaker and respected participant in international scientific cooperation. It highlights how Lorentz, already in his seventies, undertook two lengthy and strenuous speaking tours across the United States, twice spending time to teach at Caltech in Pasadena, and how he continued to actively participate in physics to the very end of his life, when he died at the age of seventy-five after a short illness caused by an Erysipelas infection. It ends with a description of Lorentz’s funeral, attended by international luminaries as well as the general population.
AbstractThe paper considers the notion of Science Policy from a postcolonial perspective. It examines the theoretical implications of the recent trend to include emerging and developing countries in international Science Policies by way of the case study of Switzerland. This country’s new international science policy instruments and measures have challenged the classical distinction between international scientific cooperation and development cooperation, with consequences on standards and evaluation criteria. The analysis reveals that the underlying assumptions of the concept of Science Policy perpetuate traditional asymmetries in the global political economy of science. The paper suggests that the present legacy of Science Policy institutions and practices needs to be transformed to reflect an increasingly diverse spectrum of scientific purposes and traditions. It offers a revised set of foundational assumptions on Science Policy and, more broadly, proposes a fresh point of entry for the field of Science & Technology Studies (STS) to contribute to the Science Policy discourse.
In November 2020, the main work on the commissioning of the centimeter range radio telescope RT-32, equipped with highly sensitive receiving equipment, which allows simultaneous observation in the range of 6; 3 and 1.35 cm, was completed. This opens wide opportunities for international scientific cooperation in the field of radio astronomy and the return of Ukraine to the world's largest radio interferometric network with ultra-long bases, the European VLBI Network.
Features and perspectives of international cooperation within the implementation of projects megascience class
