scholarly journals An Essay on Terminology, Myths, - and Known Facts: Solar Transient - Flare - CME - Driver Gas - Piston - BDE - Magnetic Cloud - Shock Wave - Geomagnetic Storm

1996 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Rainer Schwenn
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Magnetic Cloud ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Driver Gas ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Mass Ejection

AbstractIn the field of solar-terrestrial relations a clear and unique terminology is needed in order to abolish and avoid unnecessary confusion between the scientists from several involved disciplines. For example, the widely used abbreviation CME (for coronal mass ejection) has turned out to be somewhat misleading. Early on it had been known that other than coronal material is often involved in such events. The discoverers observed transient events of mass ejections from the sun, which could be observed in the corona owing to the newly available coronagraphs. This article is meant to clarify the terminology, with emphasis on giving credit to the original discoverers and the terms they introduced. With this aim in mind I suggest some minor modifications of the terminology.

scholarly journals The solar origin of the January 1997 coronal mass ejection, magnetic cloud and geomagnetic storm

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 2469-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Webb ◽  
E. W. Cliver ◽  
N. Gopalswamy ◽  
H. S. Hudson ◽  
O. C. St. Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Magnetic Cloud ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Mass Ejection

scholarly journals On Formation Of A Shock Wave In Front Of A Coronal Mass Ejection With Velocity Exceeding The Critical One

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Eselevich ◽  
M. Maksimovic ◽  
K. Issautier ◽  
N. Meyer-Vernet ◽  
M. Moncuquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Mass Ejection

Disturbed region and a shock wave driven by a coronal mass ejection

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157-1159
Author(s):  
M. V. Eselevich ◽  
V. G. Eselevich
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Disturbed Region ◽  
Mass Ejection

Carrington Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh S. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Solar Event ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Mass Ejection

The Carrington event in 1859, a solar flare with an associated geomagnetic storm, has served as a prototype of possible superflare occurrence on the Sun. Recent geophysical (14C signatures in tree rings) and precise time-series photometry [the bolometric total solar irradiance (TSI) for the Sun, and the broadband photometry from Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, for the stars] have broadened our perspective on extreme events and the threats that they pose for Earth and for Earth-like exoplanets. This review assesses the mutual solar and/or stellar lessons learned and the status of our theoretical understanding of the new data, both stellar and solar, as they relate to the physics of the Carrington event. The discussion includes the event's implied coronal mass ejection, its potential “solar cosmic ray” production, and the observed geomagnetic disturbances based on the multimessenger information already available in that era. Taking the Carrington event as an exemplar of the most extreme solar event, and in the context of our rich modern knowledge of solar flare and/or coronal mass ejection events, we discuss the aspects of these processes that might be relevant to activity on solar-type stars, and in particular their superflares. ▪ The Carrington flare of 1859, though powerful, did not significantly exceed the magnitudes of the greatest events observed in the modern era. ▪ Stellar “superflare” events on solar-type stars may share common paradigms, and also suggest the possibility of a more extreme solar event at some time in the future. ▪ We benefit from comparing the better-known microphysics of solar flares and CMEs with the diversity of related stellar phenomena. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 59 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Variability of Geomagnetic Field with Interplanetary Magnetic Field at Low, Mid and High Latitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
S. Bhardwaj ◽  
P. A. Khan ◽  
R. Atulkar ◽  
P. K. Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
The State ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Mass Ejection

 The fluctuations in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field significantly affect the state of geomagnetic field particularly during the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events. In the present investigation we have studied the influence of Interplanetary Magnetic Field changes on the geomagnetic field components at high, low and mid latitudes. To carry out this investigation we have selected three stations viz. Alibag (18.6°N, 72.7°E), Beijing MT (40.3°N, 116.2°E) and Casey (66.2°S, 110.5°E) one each in the low, mid and high latitude regions. Then we selected geomagnetic storm events of three types namely weak (-50≤Dst≤-20), moderate (100≤Dst≤-50) and intense (Dst≤-100nT). In each storm category 10 events were considered. From our study we conclude that geomagnetic field components are significantly affected by the changes in the IMF at all the three latitudinal regions during all the storm events. At the same time we also found that the magnitude of change in geomagnetic field components is highest at the high latitudes during all types of storm events while at low and mid latitude stations the magnitude of effect is approximately the same.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Sequential Chromospheric Brightening and the Corona

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S327) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
M. S. Kirk ◽  
K. S. Balasubramaniam ◽  
J. Jackiewicz ◽  
H. R. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Flux Emergence ◽  
Complex Region ◽  
Magnetic Features ◽  
Mass Ejection ◽  
Early Indication

AbstractThe chromosphere is a complex region that acts as an intermediary between the magnetic flux emergence in the photosphere and the magnetic features seen in the corona. Large eruptions in the chromosphere of flares and filaments are often accompanied by ejections of coronal mass off the sun. Several studies have observed fast-moving progressive trains of compact bright points (called Sequential Chromospheric Brightenings or SCBs) streaming away from chromospheric flares that also produce a coronal mass ejection (CME). In this work, we review studies of SCBs and search for commonalties between them. We place these findings into a larger context with contemporary chromospheric and coronal observations. SCBs are fleeting indicators of the solar atmospheric environment as it existed before their associated eruption. Since they appear at the very outset of a flare eruption, SCBs are good early indication of a CME measured in the chromosphere.

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