scholarly journals Planetarium Activities in the Federal Republic of Germany

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 374-376
Author(s):  
H.-U. Keller
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
The World ◽  
Deutsches Museum

The planetarium was invented by the German engineer Walther Bauersfeld of the Carl Zeiss Company in 1919, and the first projection-planetarium in the world was installed in the Deutsches Museum in München (Munich) 1923. Most of the German planetariums were destroyed during World War II. Today, nine major planetariums with dome diameters greater than 15m are in operation in the following cities in F.R. Germany; the numbers in brackets are the year of opening, the dome size and the seating capacity: West Berlin (1965; 20 m; 320), Bochum (1964; 20 m; 300), Hamburg (1933; 20.6 m; 270), Mannheim (1984; 20 m; 287), München (1925; 15 m; 156), Münster (1981; 20 m; 280), Nürnberg (1961; 18 m; 255), Stuttgart (1977; 20 m; 277), and Wolfsburg (1983; 15 m; 148).

The war biography of Stefan Csorich – the Olympian and Polish ice hockey representative

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jacko
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
National Team ◽  
The World

The article aims to present the wartime biography of Stefan Csorich, a distinguished Olympian in ice hockey. He was born in Nowy Sącz on September 25, 1921. He grew up in Krynica Zdrój at 422 Lipowa Street. He owes his name to a Hungarian ancestor who was an engineer (built bridges, railway viaducts) and settled in Krynica Zdrój. Until the outbreak of World War II, he managed to graduate from the local primary school, start studying at the newly opened private gymnasium and high school (owned by dr. Roman Molęda). After the Ice Hockey World Championships in 1931 organized in Krynica, he began his adventure with this sport discipline. The war interrupted a brilliantly heralded career. He was a participant in the September 1939 campaign. As a result of the turmoil of war, he was in France, Switzerland and England, among others. After the war, in 1946, he returned to Poland to his hometown. There he continued his career in ice hockey. He appeared 52 times for the Polish national team (1946–1957). He was the scorer of 34 goals. He participated in the World Championships in 1947 (in Prague, where he won the title of the king of goalscorers), 1955 (in the Federal Republic of Germany) and 1957 (in Moscow). He was at the Olympics in St. Moritz (1948) and Oslo (1952). For the 1956 Olympics in Cortina dʼAmpezzo he did not receivea passport for political reasons. He died on July 15, 2008, and was buried in Krynica-Zdrój.

Restoring and Reconstructing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Sinn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Germany ◽  
German Jews ◽  
The City

This chapter examines the path toward recovery of the Jewish community in the city of Munich after World War II. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, a small group of German Jews settled in larger cities outside the displaced persons camps. Against all odds, these Jews began to engage in the process of restoring Jewish communal structures in Germany. The chapter considers the process of restoring and rebuilding Jewish life in postwar Germany as well as the tensions between Jewish displaced persons, German Jews, and international Jewish organizations over the question of whether to remain or to leave. It suggests that the path toward recovery of the Jewish community in the Federal Republic of Germany was made possible by the emergence of a group identity among the so-called stayers and a change in mindset regarding Jewish life in Germany within the global Jewish community.

Immigration and Citizenship in Germany

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Münz ◽  
Ralf Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
German States ◽  
Recent Immigration

In Germany, as in many other European democracies, immigrationand citizenship are contested and contentious issues. In the Germancase it was both the magnitude of postwar and recent immigration aswell as its interference with questions of identity that created politicaland social conflict. As a result of World War II, the coexistenceof two German states, and the persistence of ethnic German minoritiesin central and eastern Europe, (West) Germany’s migration andnaturalization policy was inclusive toward expellees, GDR citizens,and co-ethnics. At the same time, the Federal Republic of Germany,despite the recruitment of several million foreign labor migrantsand—until 1992—a relatively liberal asylum practice, did not developsimilar mechanisms and policies of absorption and integration of itslegal foreign residents.

Introduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Patricia Kennedy Grimsted
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

World War II was the occasion of the greatest theft, seizure, loss, and displacement of art treasures, books, and archives (“cultural items”) in history. Since then, governments and others have attempted to justify either their right to keep or to claim the return of the cultural items displaced as a result of the war and its aftermath. Such issues have intensified on the Eastern Front since the collapse of he Soviet Union and the opening of the Soviet secret depositories of long-hidden cultural items brought to Soviet territories at the end of the war. The principal protagonists in the public arena have been the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), the Republic of Poland, and the Republic of Hungary, each claiming that the Russian Federation (Russia) has refused to negotiate adequately the return of cultural items displaced during and after the war that are now located in its territory.

Restarting Globalization after World War II

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shale Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Side Payments

The present period of economic globalization originated following World War II. Given the strongly protectionist tendencies prevailing at the time, how did this happen? Structural economic and military causes, along with intervening coalitional and institutional factors, are considered. Trade policy change is examined in the five largest trading economies—Britain, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the United States. Structural economic causes best explain why protectionist tendencies were so strong, and why they were weakest in the United States and the Federal Republic. The liberalizing trend inaugurated in the United States and the Federal Republic was also facilitated by coalitional side payments to agriculture. Cold War–related military interests appear to have been the strongest impetus behind the unilateral form of the liberalization.

«Vorzeigeunternehmen» in der Wirtschaftspolitik

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-47
Author(s):  
Louis Pahlow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThe «Carl-Zeiss-Foundation» had a significant influence on the development of the law of business foundations in the Federal Republic of Germany after 1945. Founded by Ernst Abbe in 1889, the Foundation was created to manage two firms driven by a statute in a self-regulated governance exclusively. After World War II such kind of business foundations became part of the German corporated landscape, especially after the 1960s. Critizised by a leading group of ordoliberal lawyers and also in the focus of the legislator, the «Carl-Zeiss-Foundation» was seen as a successful «model-firm», which immunized the law of business foundations against further regulations. The article describes the significant influences of this «model-firm» in the making of policies and the non-making of legal rules.

German Federal Supreme Court: The Distomo Massacre Case (Greek Citizens V. Federal Republic of Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1055
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
International Law ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
Federal Supreme

The judgment of a Greek Court awarding Greek citizens damages against the Federal Republic of Germany for war crimes committed by German troops in Greece during World War II, cannot be recognized because such a judgment violates the international law principle of state immunity.The moratorium on the examination of claims specified in Article 5 paragraph 2 of the London Debt Agreement ended with the entry into force of the Agreement of September 12, 1990 on the final settlement of claims in relation to Germany (Two-plus-Four-Agreement).

Loving the Automobile to Death? Injuries, Mortality, Fear, and Automobility in West Germany and the United States, 1950–1980/Autoliebe und Verkehrstod. Verletzungen, Angst und Automobilismus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den USA 1950–1980

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zeller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Technological Artifacts

Automobility, as it has been understood by historians, has been the historical locus of joy and excitement for millions of drivers and their passengers. Si- multaneously, the growth of the automotive sector has resulted in the deaths and injuries of millions of drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. This paper aims to analyze debates and technological solutions surrounding these crashes and their differing perceptions in the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States during the post-World War II period. West Germany’s response to this lethal crisis was a focus on infrastructures and a call for abolishing speed limits on the part of many drivers and their advocates. In the United States, however, automobiles and their design received more attention. Fears and solutions offered to counter fear shaped technological artifacts; in turn, these artifacts themselves were the objects of emotional debates.

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