scholarly journals Discontinuities in a Transverse Velocity Profile of a Valley Glacier Measured by Photogrammetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kick
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Block Motion ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Unit Block ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Shear Planes

The surface movement of part of a Nanga Parbat (Himalaya) glacier immediately below an ice fall has been investigated by terrestrial stereophotogrammetry. This method provides an opportunity of measuring many more points than by using other procedures. The shape of the transverse velocity profile indicated normal stream-like flow and not “blockschollen movement”, as might have been expected, because of its high velocity (45 cm/d). But, one feature of the ice fall above had been carried down-glacier to the location of the profile; namely, several discontinuities along the velocity diagram. The ice fall had transmitted a small part of its splitting into seracs to the flatter area below, but not its blockschollen movement. There seems to be a contradiction in that on one side there are discontinuities, i.e. the glacier is torn up into blocks by shear planes, but on the other side the glacier moves en bloc. In fact, a short-term investigation over hours or just a few days discloses cracks but, after time periods of a week or more, these irregularities compensate for one another so that they merge into a single unit block motion.

scholarly journals Discontinuities in a Transverse Velocity Profile of a Valley Glacier Measured by Photogrammetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kick
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Block Motion ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
Unit Block ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Shear Planes

The surface movement of part of a Nanga Parbat (Himalaya) glacier immediately below an ice fall has been investigated by terrestrial stereophotogrammetry. This method provides an opportunity of measuring many more points than by using other procedures. The shape of the transverse velocity profile indicated normal stream-like flow and not “blockschollen movement”, as might have been expected, because of its high velocity (45 cm/d). But, one feature of the ice fall above had been carried down-glacier to the location of the profile; namely, several discontinuities along the velocity diagram. The ice fall had transmitted a small part of its splitting into seracs to the flatter area below, but not its blockschollen movement.There seems to be a contradiction in that on one side there are discontinuities, i.e. the glacier is torn up into blocks by shear planes, but on the other side the glacier moves en bloc. In fact, a short-term investigation over hours or just a few days discloses cracks but, after time periods of a week or more, these irregularities compensate for one another so that they merge into a single unit block motion.

Purchasing behaviour and supplier base evolution – a longitudinal case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubois ◽  
Lars-Erik Gadde ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Time Periods

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the evolution of the supplier base of a buying firm and the reasons behind these changes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a case study of the changes over 52 years in a sub-set of the supplier base of a firm manufacturing fork-lifts. Findings The study shows that some relationships feature substantial longevity. However, the duration of one-third of the total relationships is shorter than five years. There was considerable variation over time in the dynamics of the supplier base in terms of entries and exits of suppliers. Owing to this variation, research findings and conclusions in short-term studies are heavily dependent on the specific conditions at the time of the study. Finally, no less than one-fourth of the terminated supplier relationships were reactivated later. Research limitations/implications The study was designed in a time when purchasing was considered entirely from the perspective of the buying firm. Further studies, therefore, must increasingly emphasise the role of suppliers and the interaction in the buyer–supplier relationships, as well as the embeddedness in networks. Originality/value The findings of the study are unique in two ways. First, they are based on systematic observations over more than 50 years. Second, the study involves the purchases of 11 components representing different technical and economic features. The (few) previous studies are based on much shorter time periods and involves fewer suppliers/components. Moreover, the findings regarding re-activation of terminated relationships represent unique contributions.

An Investigation of the Transverse Velocity Profile in the Case of Internal Viscous Aerodynamic Problems

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kotidis ◽  
P. Chaviaropoulos ◽  
K. D. Papailiou
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Shear Layer ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Viscous Shear ◽  
Rotational Part ◽  
Confined Flows

The development of transverse velocity profile is directly related to the development of secondary vorticity. In the internal aerodynamics case with potential external flow, although vorticity remains confined inside the viscous shear layer, secondary vorticity induced velocities exist outside of it. If the secondary vorticity field is known, the induced secondary velocity field is well approximated following Hawthorne’s classical analysis. In the present work, the above analysis is used to separate the velocity field in the transverse plane into a potential and a rotational part. In the case of confined flows, the rotational part is confined inside the viscous shear layer, while the potential part occupies the whole flow field. This last part is the consequence of the “displacement” effects of the shear layer in the transverse plane. Therefore, the present work allows a re-examination of the flow two-zone model (separation of the flow field in a viscous and an inviscid part) in confined flows. On the other hand, the limitations of Hawthorne’s theory are examined, while a parallel analysis is presented for the case where the secondary vorticity distribution varies not only along the blade height, but also circumferentially.

scholarly journals Piecemeal resection of 20- to 25-mm colorectal polyps necessitates short-term surveillance colonoscopy to reduce local recurrence similar to en bloc removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Imai ◽  
Kinichi Hotta ◽  
Sayo Ito ◽  
Yuichiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Kishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Surveillance Colonoscopy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Piecemeal Resection

Long-Term Interaction

2011 ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Christoph Haffner ◽  
Thorsten Völkel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Interactive Television ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Potential Impact

This chapter introduces the application of concepts for long-term interaction to support long-term relationship in the interactive television (iTV) domain. While classical interaction concepts cover short-term interaction cycles only, theoretical models for long-term interaction and relationships deal with time periods exceeding the human short-term working memory. The user must be supported by memory cues to resume interrupted long-term interactions immediately. The iTV domain offers many long-term interaction scenarios in the context of establishing long-term relationships of recipients and broadcasters. The authors adopt concepts for long-term interaction towards iTV and develop a basic classification of long-term interaction. Three scenarios within the iTV domain illustrate the potential impact for the design of iTV applications.

Short-term outcomes following endoscopic submucosal dissection of large protruding colorectal neoplasms

Endoscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Sakamoto ◽  
Yutaka Saito ◽  
Fumihiko Nakamura ◽  
Seiichiro Abe ◽  
Hiroyuki Takamaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasms ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Submucosal Dissection

Abstract Background Although submucosal dissection is useful for treating laterally spreading colorectal tumors, there is little information regarding the endoscopic treatment of large protruding colorectal neoplasms. Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for protruding colorectal neoplasms ≥ 20 mm in diameter. Methods In total, 112 consecutive patients undergoing treatment between January 2005 and June 2017 were enrolled retrospectively. The study period was divided into six periods to evaluate any changes in outcomes over time. We reviewed all short-term clinical outcomes, including lesion characteristics, procedure time, and percentages of en bloc resection, curative resection, adverse events, and treatment discontinuation. Results The percentages of en bloc, en bloc R0, and en bloc curative resections were 88 %, 82 %, and 59 %, respectively. Perforation occurred in 11 patients (10 %), and the endoscopic procedure was discontinued in five patients (4 %) because of technical difficulty. For lesions ≥ 40 mm in diameter, the procedure time showed a statistically significant decreasing trend in the latter half of the study period. However, the rate of cure did not improve along with enhancements to the procedure’s technological aspects. Conclusions Although endoscopic submucosal dissection for large protruding lesions has advanced in terms of its technical aspects, its ability to cure large protruding neoplasms has not shown gratifying results.

Effect of Short-Term Fixation on Perceived Size of a Circle

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1217-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen P. Sjostrom ◽  
Robert H. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male College ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
Time Periods

The apparent size of a circle was measured after it was fixated by 2 male college Ss for periods from 50 msec. to 10,000 msec. The circle shrank for practically all time periods. The amount of the shrinkage increased to 6,000 msec. for S2 and 8,000 msec. for S1. It is possible that fixation effects influence the apparent size of various visual phenomena.

Question Form and Context Effects in the Measurement of Partisanship: Experimental Tests of the Artifact Hypothesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Bishop ◽  
Alfred J. Tuchfarber ◽  
Andrew E. Smith ◽  
Paul R. Abramson ◽  
Charles W. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Question Form

Previous articles in this Review, including a Controversy in 1992, debated the comparability of alternative forms of the question about partisanship asked in Gallup and Michigan SRC surveys. Bishop, Tuchfarber and Smith contribute to this debate by reporting and analyzing evidence from 15 experimental surveys in Ohio in 1991–1993. They conclude that the distribution of partisan loyalties will generally be the same whether one uses the Gallup or Michigan Survey Research Center question and that, contrary to findings of Abramson and Ostrom, the Gallup form is no more responsive to short-term political forces than its SRC counterpart. In response, Abramson and Ostrom agree that during many time periods there will be little difference between aggregate levels of macropartisanship regardless of which measure is used. But they argue that during periods of political volatility the Gallup approach will accentuate differences, while the SRC version will attenuate them.

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