scholarly journals Picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction from laser-shocked semiconductors

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUTAKA G. NAKAMURA ◽  
YOICHIRO HIRONAKA ◽  
HIDETAKA KAWANO ◽  
HIROAKI KISHIMURA ◽  
KEN-ICHI KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Lattice Deformation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Beam ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Ultrashort pulsed hard X rays are generated by focusing an intense femtosecond laser beam onto metal targets. Kαemissions are obtained from a Cu target. Picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction is performed to investigate structural dynamics of laser-shocked semiconductors using the laser plasma X-ray pulses. Lattice deformation associated with shock-wave propagation is directly observed. Evolution of strain profiles inside the crystal is determined without disturbance from the time-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns.

scholarly journals Time-resolved X-ray diffraction at NERL

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENICHI KINOSHITA ◽  
HIDEKI HARANO ◽  
KOJI YOSHII ◽  
TAKERU OHKUBO ◽  
ATSUSHI FUKASAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

For ultrafast material analyses, we constructed the time-resolved X-ray diffraction system utilizing ultrashort X-rays from laser-produced plasma generated by the 12-TW–50-fs laser at the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory. Ultrafast transient changes in laser-irradiated GaAs crystals were observed as X-ray diffraction patterns. Experimental results were compared with numerical analyses.

scholarly journals Study on X-ray Induced Two-Dimensional Thermal Shock Waves in Carbon/Phenolic

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3553
Author(s):  
Dengwang Wang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Haipeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Anisotropic Material ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Depth

Carbon/Phenolic (C/P), a typical anisotropic material, is an important component of aerospace and often used to protect the thermodynamic effects of strong X-ray radiation. In this paper, we establish the anisotropic elastic-plastic constitutive model, which is embedded in the in-house code “RAMA” to simulate a two-dimensional thermal shock wave induced by X-ray. Then, we compare the numerical simulation results with the thermal shock wave stress generated by the same strong current electron beam via experiment to verify the correctness of the numerical simulation. Subsequently, we discuss and analyze the rules of thermal shock wave propagation in C/P material by further numerical simulation. The results reveal that the thermal shock wave represents different shapes and mechanisms by the radiation of 1 keV and 3 keV X-rays. The vaporization recoil phenomenon appears as a compression wave under 1 keV X-ray irradiation, and X-ray penetration is caused by thermal deformation under 3 keV X-ray irradiation. The thermal shock wave propagation exhibits two-dimensional characteristics, the energy deposition of 1 keV and 3 keV both decays exponentially, the energy deposition of 1 keV-peak soft X-ray is high, and the deposition depth is shallow, while the energy deposition of 3 keV-peak hard X-ray is low, and the deposition depth is deep. RAMA can successfully realize two-dimensional orthotropic elastoplastic constitutive relation, the corresponding program was designed and checked, and the calculation results for inspection are consistent with the theory. This study has great significance in the evaluation of anisotropic material protection under the radiation of intense X-rays.

X-Ray Diffraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-480
Author(s):  
Kannan M. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Point Group ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Symmetry Point Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
Scattering Factor ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Lattice Planes

X-rays diffraction is fundamental to understanding the structure and crystallography of biological, geological, or technological materials. X-rays scatter predominantly by the electrons in solids, and have an elastic (coherent, Thompson) and an inelastic (incoherent, Compton) component. The atomic scattering factor is largest (= Z) for forward scattering, and decreases with increasing scattering angle and decreasing wavelength. The amplitude of the diffracted wave is the structure factor, F hkl, and its square gives the intensity. In practice, intensities are modified by temperature (Debye-Waller), absorption, Lorentz-polarization, and the multiplicity of the lattice planes involved in diffraction. Diffraction patterns reflect the symmetry (point group) of the crystal; however, they are centrosymmetric (Friedel law) even if the crystal is not. Systematic absences of reflections in diffraction result from glide planes and screw axes. In polycrystalline materials, the diffracted beam is affected by the lattice strain or grain size (Scherrer equation). Diffraction conditions (Bragg Law) for a given lattice spacing can be satisfied by varying θ or λ — for study of single crystals θ is fixed and λ is varied (Laue), or λ is fixed and θ varied to study powders (Debye-Scherrer), polycrystalline materials (diffractometry), and thin films (reflectivity). X-ray diffraction is widely applied.

scholarly journals Optical control, selection and analysis of population dynamics in ultrafast protein X-ray crystallography

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2145) ◽  
pp. 20170474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. M. Hutchison ◽  
Jasper J. van Thor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vibrational Coherence ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Ultrafast Optical

Ultrafast pump-probe X-ray crystallography has now been established at X-ray free electron lasers that operate at hard X-ray energies. We discuss the performance and development of current applications in terms of the available data quality and sensitivity to detect and analyse structural dynamics. A discussion of technical capabilities expected at future high repetition rate applications as well as future non-collinear multi-pulse schemes focuses on the possibility to advance the technique to the practical application of the X-ray crystallographic equivalent of an impulse time-domain Raman measurement of vibrational coherence. Furthermore, we present calculations of the magnitude of population differences and distributions prepared with ultrafast optical pumping of single crystals in the typical serial femtosecond crystallography geometry, which are developed for the general uniaxial and biaxial cases. The results present opportunities for polarization resolved anisotropic X-ray diffraction analysis of photochemical populations for the ultrafast time domain. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.

Picosecond structural dynamics in photoexcited semiconductors probed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka G. Nakamura ◽  
Hiroaki Kishimura ◽  
Yoichiro Hironaka ◽  
Ken-ichi Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

The Use of 2-D Detector Utilizing Laser-Stimulated Luminescence for X-ray Diffraction Studies on Mechanical Behaviour of Materials

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yoshioka ◽  
T. Shinkai ◽  
S. Ohya
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Material Evaluation ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Position Sensitive Detectors

The development of linear position-sensitive detectors (PSD) has resulted in a large reduction of data acquisition times in the field of x-ray stress analysis. However, we also require two-dimensional (2-D) diffraction patterns for material evaluation. Especially, the microbeam x-ray diffraction technique gives valuable information on the structure of crystalline materials and this technique has been applied to fracture analysis by x-rays. Many kinds of 2-D PSD have been developed that have insufficient spatial resolution. So x-ray film has still been used as a 2-D detector, but it requires relatively long exposure times and then the process after exposure is very troublesome.

scholarly journals A Flow-Through Reaction Cell for Studying Minerals Leaching by In-Situ Synchrotron Powder X-ray Diffraction

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Nikkhou ◽  
Fang Xia ◽  
Xizhi Yao ◽  
Idowu A. Adegoke ◽  
Qinfen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Leaching ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Cell ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A flow-through reaction cell has been developed for studying minerals leaching by in-situ time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction, allowing for a better understanding of the leaching mechanisms and kinetics. The cell has the capability of independent control of temperature (up to 95 °C) and flow rate (>0.5 mL min−1) for atmospheric pressure leaching. It was successfully tested at the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Galena powder was leached in a citrate solution under flow-through condition at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1, while diffraction patterns were collected during the entire leaching process, showing rapid galena dissolution without the formation of secondary mineral phases. The flow-through cell can be used to study leaching processes of other ore minerals.

Shock Wave Compression of NaCl Single Crystals observed by Flash-X-Ray Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Müller ◽  
E. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Plane Shock ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wave Compression ◽  
Shock Wave Compression ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Flash-x-ray-diffraction patterns (FXD) with an exposure time of 4 ns of NaCl single crystals compressed by plane shock waves are obtained at pressures of about 30 kbar. From the diffraction patterns the compression is determined and compared with Hugoniot data. During shock load the lattice shows an uniaxial compression. While in case of measurements at the free surface an observation time of only a few nanoseconds is available, this experimental set-up allows an observation time of two microseconds.

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