scholarly journals HTA in the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
John Gabbay

I was dismayed to find that the article on HTA in the United Kingdom in the recent Special Issus of IJTAHC on the History of HTA (1) makes so little mention of the main component of HTA in England and Wales, namely the NHS HTA Programme. That seems a puzzling oversight for a program that, since its inception in 1993, has spent 138 million GBP on commissioning nearly 850 in-depth HTA studies, sifted and prioritized from some 15,000 suggestions drawn from all quarters of UK health service, policy, and research worlds. From these, it has published nearly 500 full-length HTA monographs (with over 125 more currently in editorial review) in the series Health Technology Assessment, which has attracted over 15 million downloads as well as being distributed in hard copy to just over 128,000 recipients. Around 120 of these monographs resulted from research commissioned explicitly to advance the methodology of HTA—a contribution that is unique among the world's HTA agencies. This stream of HTA publications, which has also spawned countless summaries, local adaptations, translations, academic papers, and other spinoffs, has had an acknowledged impact throughout the world of HTA.

Author(s):  
Frédéric Neyrat

“This evening, the city of Copenhagen is a crime scene, with those responsible fleeing for the airport.” It was in this manner that John Sauven, the executive director of Greenpeace for the United Kingdom, expressed himself following the Copenhagen summit on climate change.1 A crime? What sort of crime? What exactly happened during this summit? More than likely, no kind of event that would be capable of immediately changing the history of the world. But nevertheless, there was a noticeable turning point in relation to how societies were discussing the management of climate change; there was a revelatory moment in regard to what we have taken to calling the ...


1886 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Cornelius Walford

We commence our third epoch with the year 1721, and with the fact that there was at that period but one Life Assurance Office in existence in Great Britain—the Amicable, founded 1706. That too, so far as we have the means of knowing, was the only Life Assurance Association in the world. It was very defective in its mode of working, at the best; but it stood alone. The Society had at this date an accumulated fund of about £50,000; it had distributed in death claims £118,000. Thus it had obtained a solid hold upon public confidence, but I suspect its business suffered considerably from the general shock to public credit. The days of Mutual Contribution Life Assurance Associations, as such, were gone for ever in England. This Society had to take steps to mitigate the element of uncertainty, or it would most probably have died out. Solidity was now the one thing sought for.


Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral

Every civilization in the history of humanity has had its myth of creation. Humans have a deeply rooted and seemingly insatiable desire to understand not only their own origins but also the origins of other things around them. Most if not all of the myths since the dawn of man involve some kind of higher or supernatural beings which are intimately related to the existence and functioning of all things in the Universe. Modern man still holds a multitude of different views of the ultimate origin of the Universe, though a couple of the most well represented religions, Christianity and Islam, maintain that there was a single creator responsible for all that we see around us. It is a predominant belief in Catholicism, accounting for about one-sixth of humanity, that the Creator achieved full creation of the Universe out of nothing – a belief that goes under the name of creation ex nihilo. (To be fair, not all Catholics believe this, but they ought to if they follow the Pope.) Postulating a supernatural being does not really help explain reality since then we only displace the question of the origins of reality to explaining the existence of the supernatural being. To this no religion offers any real answers. If you think that scientists might have a vastly more insightful understanding of the origin of the Universe compared to that of major religions, then you’d better think again. Admittedly, most scientists are probably atheists (interestingly, more than 95% in the United Kingdom) but this does not necessarily mean that they do not hold some kind of a belief about what the Creation was like and where all this stuff around us comes from. The point is that, under all the postulates and axioms, if you dig far enough, you’ll find that they are as stumped as anyone else. So, from the point of view of explaining why there is a reality and where it ultimately comes from, being religious or not makes absolutely no difference – we all end up with the same tricky question. Every time I read a book on the religious or philosophical outlook of the world I cannot help but recognize many ideas in there as related to some ideas that we have in science.


Author(s):  
M. Mahruf C. Shohel ◽  
Naznin Akter ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Arif Mahmud ◽  
Muhammad Shajjad Ahsan

Home education is the fastest growing educational movement in the world and the research remains limited on why and how it has become so popular. This chapter highlights the historical development of home education and its legal base in the context of the United Kingdom. It also explores many of the current issues facing the home educators, the government of the UK, and the wider community. Based on the existing literature, it briefly explores the history of the home education movement in the UK and how policy and practice come to this point at this time. It investigates the different perspectives on how and why home education is the fastest growing educational movement in the 21st century's UK.


2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Tresna Yunita

Gerakan nasionalisme berkembang di Eropa pada tahun 1830 dan menyebar ke berbagai negara di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Gerakan nasionalisme Eropa pada perkembangannya memberi pengaruh yang besar terhadap perkembangan nasionalisme di kawasan Asia-Afrika khususnya di Indonesia dan perkembangan dalam sejarah musik. Gerakan nasionalisme dalam musik diawali di Rusia lalu kemudian diikuti gerakan nasionalisme di negara-negara Skadinavia, Spanyol, Italia, Hongaria, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Nasionalisme Eropa mempengaruhi beberapa komponis dalam menciptakan karya musiknya. Mereka memasukkan unsur-unsur melodi dan syair yang sesuai dengan musik rakyat dan yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat mereka. Di Indonesia, nasionalisme membuat para komponis Indonesia menciptakan lagu dengan tujuan mengobarkan semangat berjuang untuk melepaskan diri dari penjajah. Beberapa komponis Indonesia pada waktu jaman itu antara lain, W.R. Supratman, Kusbini, Ismail Marzuki dan Cornel Simanjuntak. Lagu seriosa yang diciptakan para komponis Indonesia mempunyai peranan yang besar terhadap perjuangan mencapai kemerdekaan. Lagu-lagu seriosa yang diciptakan dengan menggunakan ilmu-ilmu musik dari Barat seperti tangganada diatonis, harmoni, struktur bentuk lagu, ritmes dan lain sebagainya merupakan hasil pengaruh musikal dari Barat.Kata kunci: Nasionalisme, pengaruh musikal, lagu seriosaABSTRACTNasionalism in Europ and Its Impact on Indonesian Seriosa Song. The growing of nationalism movements in Europe in 1830 had spread out to all over the world, as well as in Indonesia. It gave considerable influence on the development of nationalism in Asia and Africa, especially in Indonesia, in term of the development in the history of music. The nationalism movement in music began in Russia and then was followed by the movement of nationalism in Scandinavian countries, Spain, Italy, Hungary, the United Kingdom and the United States. European nationalism has affected several composers in creating their music as they incorporate elements of melody and lyric in accordance with folk music which they have been familiar with. In Indonesia, nationalism made Indonesian composers created songs as an expression of their spirit against the Dutch colonial government. Some of Indonesian composers at that time, among others, were WR Supratman, Kusbini, Ismail Marzuki and Cornel Simanjuntak. Seriosa Song composed by Indonesian composers who had an important role to fight for the Indonesian independence. Seriosa songs which are created by using western musical’s standard as diatonic scales, harmony, the structure of a song form, rhyme, and so forth can be said as a result of the western musical influences.Keywords: Nationalism, musical influences, seriosa song


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Maria Zhukova ◽  
Elena Maystrovich ◽  
Elena Muratova ◽  
Aleksey Fedyakin

Author(s):  
Mykola Trofymenko

Public diplomacy of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the EU and in the world. The United Kingdom has developed an extremely efficient public diplomacy mechanism which includes BBC World Service (which due to its popularity boosts the reputation and the image of Great Britain), Chevening Scholarships (provides outstanding foreign students with opportunity to study in Great Britain and thus establishes long-lasting relations with public opinion leaders and foreign countries elite) and the British Council, which deals with international diplomatic ties in the field of culture. The British Council is a unique organization. Being technically independent, it actively and efficiently works on consolidating Great Britain’s interests in the world and contributes to the development of public diplomacy in Great Britain.   The author studies the efforts of the British Council as a unique public diplomacy tool of the United Kingdom. Special attention is paid to the role of British Council, which is independent of the governing board and at the same time finds itself under the influence of the latter due to the peculiarities of the appointment of Board’s officials, financing etc. The author concludes that the British Council is a unique organization established in 1934, which is a non-departmental state body, charitable organization and public corporation, technically independent of the government. The British Council, thanks to its commercial activities covers the lack of public funding caused by the policy of economy conducted by the government. It has good practices in this field worth paying attention by other countries. It is also worth mentioning that the increment in profit was getting higher last year, however the issue of increasing the influence of the government on the activities of British Council is still disputable. Although the Foreign Minister officially reports to the parliament on the activities of the British Council, approves the appointment of the leaders of organizations, the British Council preserves its independence of the government, which makes it more popular abroad, and makes positive influence on the world image of Great Britain. The efficiency of the British Council efforts on fulfillment of targets of the United Kingdom public diplomacy is unquestionable, no matter how it calls its activities: whether it is a cultural relations establishment or a cultural diplomacy implementation. Keywords: The British Council, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, Foreign Office, Her Majesty’s Government, official assistance for development


Author(s):  
Ros Scott

This chapter explores the history of volunteers in the founding and development of United Kingdom (UK) hospice services. It considers the changing role and influences of volunteering on services at different stages of development. Evidence suggests that voluntary sector hospice and palliative care services are dependent on volunteers for the range and quality of services delivered. Within such services, volunteer trustees carry significant responsibility for the strategic direction of the organiszation. Others are engaged in diverse roles ranging from the direct support of patient and families to public education and fundraising. The scope of these different roles is explored before considering the range of management models and approaches to training. This chapter also considers the direct and indirect impact on volunteering of changing palliative care, societal, political, and legislative contexts. It concludes by exploring how and why the sector is changing in the UK and considering the growing autonomy of volunteers within the sector.


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