scholarly journals Phonological priming in children's picture naming

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA J. BROOKS ◽  
BRIAN MACWHINNEY
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Familiar Objects

Two experiments examined phonological priming in children and adults, using a cross-modal picture-word interference task. Pictures of familiar objects were presented on a computer screen, while interfering words (IWs) were presented over headphones. In terms of their relation to target pictures, IWs were either phonologically related, unrelated, neutral (the word go), or identical. Ninety children (30 aged 4;11 to 5;11, 30 aged 6;11 to 7;11, and 30 aged 9;5 to 11;9) and 30 adults were instructed to name the pictures as quickly as possible while ignoring the IWs. In Experiment 1, related IWs shared onset consonants with the names of the pictures. Across ages, participants named pictures faster with related IWs than with unrelated IWs. In Experiment 2, related IWs rhymed with the targets. Here, only the youngest children (five to seven-year-olds) named pictures faster with related IWs than with unrelated IWs. The results indicate that priming effects reach a peak during a time when articulatory information is being consolidated in the output phonological buffer. The disappearance of the rhyme priming effect with age may reflect the gradual emergence of the onset as an organizing structure in speech production. This increased prominence of the onset can be viewed as one component of a just-in-time, incrementalist approach to speech production that allows adults to speak more fluently than children.

scholarly journals Activation of segments, not syllables, during phonological encoding in speech production

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels O. Schiller ◽  
Albert Costa
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Phonological Encoding ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm

Two experiments are reported that tested whether syllables can be primed in English speech production using a (masked) priming paradigm. In Experiment 1, we presented masked syllable primes for 45 ms. In Experiment 2, primes were presented for either 45 ms or 105 ms under unmasked conditions. In both experiments, we tested three different SOAs, namely −200 ms, 0 ms, and +200 ms. Both under masked and under unmasked conditions phonological priming effects were obtained. However, no evidence for a syllabic priming effect was found. Instead, at SOAs −200 ms and 0 ms, priming effects increased when the segmental overlap between prime and target was increased. This outcome supports a segmental overlap account but contradicts the syllable priming hypothesis. The theoretical implications of the results for current theories of phonological encoding are discussed.

The locus of Katakana–English masked phonological priming effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIKO ANDO ◽  
KAZUNAGA MATSUKI ◽  
HEATHER SHERIDAN ◽  
DEBRA JARED
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Orthographic Representations ◽  
Latency Distributions ◽  
Japanese English

Japanese–English bilinguals completed a masked phonological priming study with Japanese Katakana primes and English targets. Event related potential (ERP) data were collected in addition to lexical decision responses. A cross-script phonological priming effect was observed in both measures, and the effect did not interact with frequency. In the ERP data, the phonological priming effect was evident before the frequency effect. These data, along with analyses of response latency distributions, provide evidence that the cross-script phonological priming effects were the consequence of the activation of sublexical phonological representations in a store shared by both Japanese and English. This activation fed back to sublexical and lexical orthographic representations, influencing lexical decision latencies. The implications for the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA+) model of word recognition are discussed.

Syllabic Priming Effects in Picture Naming in French

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Perret ◽  
Patrick Bonin ◽  
Alain Méot
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Word Naming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Initial Syllable ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Naming Latencies

Ferrand, Segui, and Grainger (1996 ) found robust syllable priming effects in picture naming latencies: Pictures primed with their initial syllable (e.g., ba for baleine [whale]) were processed faster than pictures primed with a string of letters shorter or longer than their initial syllable (e.g., bal for baleine). However, in several studies, these priming effects have not been replicated in word naming or in picture naming either in Dutch or in English ( Schiller, 1998 , 1999 , 2000 ). The present study was aimed at replicating syllable priming effects in picture naming in French using a masked priming paradigm. The study employed a larger number of participants and items than were used in the Ferrand et al. (1996 ) study. The syllable priming effect in picture naming latencies was not replicated. Subsampling procedures were then used to examine the stability of the Ferrand et al. (1996 ) pattern of results in picture naming in greater detail. The syllabic priming effect in picture naming turned out to be an extremely rare event.

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

scholarly journals Preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation for picture naming is reliable in mapping segments of the arcuate fasciculus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Giampiccolo ◽  
Henrietta Howells ◽  
Ina Bährend ◽  
Heike Schneider ◽  
Giovanni Raffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Preoperative Mapping ◽  
Production Errors

Abstract In preoperative planning for neurosurgery, both anatomical (diffusion imaging tractography) and functional tools (MR-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation) are increasingly used to identify and preserve eloquent language structures specific to individuals. Using these tools in healthy adults shows that speech production errors occur mainly in perisylvian cortical sites that correspond to subject-specific terminations of the major language pathway, the arcuate fasciculus. It is not clear whether this correspondence remains in oncological patients with altered tissue. We studied a heterogeneous cohort of 30 patients (fourteen male, mean age 44), undergoing a first or second surgery for a left hemisphere brain tumour in a language-eloquent region, to test whether speech production errors induced by preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation had consistent anatomical correspondence to the arcuate fasciculus. We used navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during picture naming and recorded different perisylvian sites where transient interference to speech production occurred. Spherical deconvolution diffusion imaging tractography was performed to map the direct fronto-temporal and indirect (fronto-parietal and parieto-temporal) segments of the arcuate fasciculus in each patient. Speech production errors were reported in all patients when stimulating the frontal lobe, and in over 90% of patients in the parietal lobe. Errors were less frequent in the temporal lobe (54%). In all patients, at least one error site corresponded to a termination of the arcuate fasciculus, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobes, despite distorted anatomy due to a lesion and/or previous resection. Our results indicate that there is strong correspondence between terminations of the arcuate fasciculus and speech errors. This indicates that white matter anatomy may be a robust marker for identifying functionally eloquent cortex, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobe. This knowledge may improve targets for preoperative mapping of language in the neurosurgical setting.

scholarly journals Spoken word recognition with gender-marked context

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
Fanny Meunier ◽  
Alix Seigneuric
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Gender Information

In a cross-modal (auditory-visual) fragment priming study in French, we tested the hypothesis that gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine or unefeminine) is used early in the recognition of the following word to discard gender-incongruent competitors. In four experiments, we compared lexical decision performances on targets primed by phonological information only (e.g. /kRa/-CRAPAUD /kRapo/; /to/-TOAD) or by phonological plus gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine /kra/-CRAPAUD; a /to/-TOAD). In all experiments, we found a phonological priming effect that was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles were congruent (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or incongruent (Experiment 4) with the target gender. Moreover, phonological facilitation was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles allowed exclusion of less frequent competitors (Experiment 1) or more frequent ones (Experiments 2 and 3). We concluded that gender information extracted from a preceding gender-marked determiner is not used early in the process of spoken word recognition and that it may be used in a later selection process.

scholarly journals Orthographic and phonological facilitation in speech production: New evidence from picture naming in Chinese

2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Zhao ◽  
Wido La Heij ◽  
Niels O. Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
New Evidence

Is lexical selection in bilingual speech production language-specific? Further evidence from Spanish–English and English–Spanish bilinguals

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Costa ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

In this study we address the question of how lexical selection is achieved by bilingual speakers during speech production. Specifically, we test whether there is competition between the two lexicons of a bilingual during lexical access. In two picture–word interference experiments we explore the performance of two groups of bilinguals, English–Spanish and Spanish–English proficient bilinguals while naming pictures either in their L1 (Spanish) or in their L2 (Spanish). Picture naming was facilitated when the name of the picture and the distracter word were the “same”, regardless of the language in which the distracter was printed: same-language (e.g., mesa–mesa [table in Spanish]) or different-language pairs (e.g., mesa–table). The magnitude of this facilitatory effect was similar when naming in L1 (Experiment 1) and in L2 (Experiment 2). We also found that naming latencies were slower when the distracter word was semantically related to the picture's name (e.g., mesa–chair), regardless of the language in which the distracter was printed. The results suggest that there is no competition between the two lexicons of a bilingual during lexical access for production. This interpretation favors a model of lexical access in which lexical selection is language-specific both when speaking in L1 and in L2.

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