Unfolding plane curves with cusps and nodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Juan J. Nuño Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Finite Codimension ◽  
Plane Curves ◽  
Singular Set ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Double Points ◽  
Euler Obstruction ◽  
Type Singularity ◽  
Transverse Slice

Given an irreducible surface germ (X, 0) ⊂ (ℂ3, 0) with a one-dimensional singular set Σ, we denote by δ1 (X, 0) the delta invariant of a transverse slice. We show that δ1 (X, 0) ≥ m0 (Σ, 0), with equality if and only if (X, 0) admits a corank 1 parametrization f :(ℂ2, 0) → (ℂ3, 0) whose only singularities outside the origin are transverse double points and semi-cubic cuspidal edges. We then use the local Euler obstruction Eu(X, 0) in order to characterize those surfaces that have finite codimension with respect to -equivalence or as a frontal-type singularity.

KNOT POINTS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAPS AND RELATED PROPERTIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TRAMONTANA ◽  
L. GARDINI ◽  
D. FOURNIER-PRUNARET ◽  
P. CHARGE
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Singular Line ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Singular Set ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Attracting Set ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Stable And Unstable Sets

We consider the class of two-dimensional maps of the plane for which there exists a whole one-dimensional singular set (for example, a straight line) that is mapped into one point, called a "knot point" of the map. The special character of this kind of point has been already observed in maps of this class with at least one of the inverses having a vanishing denominator. In that framework, a knot is the so-called focal point of the inverse map (it is the same point). In this paper, we show that knots may also exist in other families of maps, not related to an inverse having values going to infinity. Some particular properties related to focal points persist, such as the existence of a "point to slope" correspondence between the points of the singular line and the slopes in the knot, lobes issuing from the knot point and loops in infinitely many points of an attracting set or in invariant stable and unstable sets.

2. Applications of the Theorem that Two Closed Plane Curves intersect an even number of times

1878 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tait
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Double Point ◽  
Closed Curve ◽  
British Association ◽  
Plane Curves ◽  
Double Points ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Closed Plane

The theorem itself may be considered obvious, and is easily applied, as I showed at the late meeting of the British Association, to prove that in passing from any one double point of a plane closed curve continuously along the curve to the same point again, an even number of intersections must be passed through. Hence, if we suppose the curve to be constructed of cord or wire, and restrict the crossings to double points, we may arrange them throughout so that, in following the wire continuously, it goes alternately over and under each branch it meets. When this is done it is obviously as completely knotted as its scheme (defined below) will admit of, and except in a special class of cases cannot have the number of crossings reduced by any possible deformation.

Extremal Values of the Basic Invariants of Plane Curves

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 1085-1126
Author(s):  
Jianming Yu ◽  
Jianyi Zhou ◽  
Jianzhong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Number ◽  
Plane Curves ◽  
Explicit Formulas ◽  
Double Points ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Extremal Values ◽  
Extremal Value

In [A2] V.I. Arnold introduced three basic invariants St, J+ and J- of plane curves and proposed some interesting conjectures concerning the extremal value of these invariants on a given set of curves. Partial answers have been obtained by O. Viro and A. N. Shumakovich. We give explicit formulas for these extremal values of sets of plane curves with fixed number of double points and of Whitney index and we determine on which curves these extremal values are attained (Theorems 3-6). Our arguments are based on understanding of the fine structures of generic curves and some surgery operations on curves.

Parity conditions for realizability of Gauss diagrams

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950015
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Biryukov
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Plane Curves ◽  
Double Points ◽  
Gauss Diagram ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Closed Plane

We consider a problem of realizability of Gauss diagrams by closed plane curves where the plane curves have only double points of transversal self-intersection. We formulate the necessary and sufficient conditions for realizability. These conditions are based only on the parity of double and triple intersections of the chords in the Gauss diagram.

scholarly journals On the regularity of timelike extremal surfaces

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Jerrard ◽  
Matteo Novaga ◽  
Giandomenico Orlandi
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Dimension ◽  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Singular Set ◽  
Natural Topology ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Class C

We study a class of timelike weakly extremal surfaces in flat Minkowski space ℝ1+n, characterized by the fact that they admit a C1 parametrization (in general not an immersion) of a specific form. We prove that if the distinguished parametrization is of class Ck, then the surface is regularly immersed away from a closed singular set of Euclidean Hausdorff dimension at most 1 + 1/k, and that this bound is sharp. We also show that, generically with respect to a natural topology, the singular set of a timelike weakly extremal cylinder in ℝ1+n is one-dimensional if n = 2, and it is empty if n ≥ 4. For n = 3, timelike weakly extremal surfaces exhibit an intermediate behavior.

scholarly journals Variation of Mixed Hodge Structures Associated to an Equisingular One-dimensional Family of Calabi-Yau Threefolds

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Isidro Nieto-Baños ◽  
Pedro Luis del Angel-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
General Position ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Good Position ◽  
Hodge Structures ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Double Points ◽  
Hodge Filtration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mixed Hodge Structures

Abstract We study the variations of mixed Hodge structures (VMHS) associated with a pencil ${\mathcal{X}}$ of equisingular hypersurfaces of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{P}^{4}$ with only ordinary double points as singularities, as well as the variations of Hodge structures (VHS) associated with the desingularization of this family $\widetilde{{\mathcal{X}}}$ . The notion of a set of singular points being in homologically good position is introduced, and, by requiring that the subset of nodes in (algebraic) general position is also in homologically good position, we can extend Griffiths’ description of the $F^{2}$ -term of the Hodge filtration of the desingularization to this case, where we can also determine the possible limiting mixed Hodge structures (LMHS). The particular pencil ${\mathcal{X}}$ of quintic hypersurfaces with 100 singular double points with 86 of them in (algebraic) general position that served as the starting point for this paper is treated with particular attention.

HOLOMORPHIC FOLIATIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC NUMBERS

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIO G. SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Projective Space ◽  
Complex Manifold ◽  
Complex Projective Space ◽  
Holomorphic Foliation ◽  
Compact Complex Manifold ◽  
Holomorphic Foliations ◽  
Singular Set ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Characteristic Numbers ◽  
Complex Projective

We relate the characteristic numbers of the normal sheaf of a k-dimensional holomorphic foliation [Formula: see text] of a compact complex manifold Mn, to the characteristic numbers of the normal sheaf of a one-dimensional holomorphic foliation associated to [Formula: see text]. In case M is a complex projective space, we also obtain bounds for the degrees of the components of codimension k - 1 of the singular set of [Formula: see text].

On the notion of a first neighbourhood ring with an application to the AF + BΦ theorem

1957 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Northcott
Keyword(s):  
Plane Curves ◽  
Local Domain ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Considerable Advantage ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
The Subject

In an earlier paper (3) the author developed a theory of the neighbourhoods of a local domain, in which the concept of the first neighbourhood ring played a central role. This notion has since proved useful in connexion with certain one-dimensional problems, but it has emerged, in the process, that a considerable advantage would be gained if the theory could be freed from the assumption that the basic ring was to be without zero-divisors. This parallels the situation in the geometry of plane curves, where it is desirable, so far as is possible, that results and methods should apply with equal facility to reducible as well as to irreducible curves. Accordingly Part I of the present paper is devoted to a fresh account of the first neighbourhood ring from a more general standpoint than that used previously. Besides the greater generality thus obtained, the theory is extended by the addition of some new results. Furthermore, the proof of one of the main results of the original paper ((3), Theorem 10) has been considerably simplified. Of course, the ideas of (3) reappear here in a modified form, but, to spare the reader the irritating fragmentation of the subject which would otherwise be necessary, the revised account has been made independent of the earlier one. To this extent, Part I is self-contained.

Plane Curves with Consecutive Double Points

1914 ◽  
Vol 16 (1/4) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Sharpe ◽  
C. F. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Plane Curves ◽  
Double Points
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