Relationships Between Social Dominance and Feeding Behaviour in Lactating Heifers During Periods of Heavy Competition

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
A.D. Kenwright ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
The Way

Previous research has shown that social dominance in dairy herds can be measured using replacements of one cow by another at feed stations (Rutter et al,1987). When there is competition for feed or space, the motivation to engage in physical and non-physical agonistic interactions will be stronger than if resources are freely available. When resources are limited, social dominance becomes very important and high ranking animals have priority.This becomes especially important after cows are returned from milking and/or when fresh feed is added when the number of cows is far greater than the number of feeding spaces (Campling and Morgan, 1981). This experiment aimed to further investigate the way in which social interaction between cows affects the feeding behaviour, particularly at times of peak feeding activity.

Judges

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Servants ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
And Training ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks briefly at the way judges are recruited in France and how and to what degree this is reflected in their way of reasoning and style of argument. It outlines the requirements for admission to the profession of being a judge in France and the methods adopted for training them. This outline is confined to professional judges, but it should be noted that, in France, commercial and employment cases are adjudicated at the first instance by lay judges. Further, judges in the administrative courts are not included in the teaching and training processes provided for by the École Nationale de la Magistrature (ENM). Administrative judges are recruited from the pool of high-ranking civil servants, many of them trained at the prestigious ENA (École Nationale d'Administration).

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Yudhie Suchyadi ◽  
Yulia Ambarsari ◽  
Elly Sukmanasa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
The Way

Differences in the characteritics of children with special needs will require the ability of teachers to combine various abilities and talents of each child, such as mentally retarded children who need communication like children in general. His developmental delays are often excluded from his playing enviranment, thus the need for good social interaction with mentally retarded children. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to describe the findings of social interaction in mentally retarded children in extraordinary school Mentari Kita. The research is a descriptive analysis with qualitative research approach. Technique of data analysis was performed with data reduction stage, the presentation of data, and verification (conclusions). Researchers used the test of credibility, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, and konfirmabilitas to obtain the validity of the data. The result showed that the way social interaction with mental retardation children how do social contacts and communication as being able to respond when invited to communicate but it should be repeated over and over,the subject has a weakness in the concentration of so when invited to talk hard staring at your opponents interlocutor. When did the subject communication using language that sounds stilted. Social contact subject well againts his peers is characterized by sensitivity to her friends when in distress, want to help his friend like get a pencil, and divide the food per day taken by subject. Based on the above research result it can be concluded that the way the social interactions of the child with mental retardation how do social contacts and communication in accordance with the terms of the occurrence of social interaction. Keywords: Social Interaction, Mental Retardation

WIR im interaktionalen Gebrauch: Zur Verwendung des Pronomens der 1. Person Plural in der institutionellen Kommunikation – am Beispiel onkologischer Aufklärungsgespräche

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-334
Author(s):  
Susanne Günthner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The Way

Abstract This empirically oriented article focuses on uses of the pronoun “wir” (‘we’) in medical interaction – more precisely, in oncological consultations. After a brief presentation of major research on the 1st person plural pronoun in German, I will – based on methods of Interactional Linguistics – analyze interactional uses of this deictic pronoun in institutional doctor-patient conversations. This article aims at contributing to research of how grammar is used in response to local interactional needs within social interaction (Auer/Pfänder 2011). As the data show, participants in these institutional settings make use of various types of “wir” – beyond the prototypical forms of usage (a) “self and person addressed”; (b) “self and person or persons spoken of” and (c) “self, person or persons addressed, and person or persons spoken of” (Boas 1911: 39). These “alternative”, non-prototypical uses of “wir”, which partly override the “residual semanticity” (Silverstein 1976: 47), are found to be related to the way in which they are embedded within the particular “social field” (Hanks 2005: 18). Thus, the indexical anchoring of “wir” proves to be rather flexible and responsive to interactional contingencies.

Adaptive changes in the appetite, growth and feeding behaviour of pony mares offered ad libitum access to a complete diet in either a pelleted or chaff-based form

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. McG. Argo ◽  
J. E. Cox ◽  
C. Lockyer ◽  
Z. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractSeven, 3-year-old pony mares (~230 kg) were used in a cross-over study to compare the appetite, energy and nutrient digestibilities, growth rate and feeding behaviour, when a complete diet was offered ad libitum in either the original loose-chaff mix (C), or as a more convenient, milled and pelleted preparation (P). Ad libitum access to the study diet (gross energy = 17·2 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) was attained over 2 weeks. In the following 4 weeks, groups 1 (no. = 3) and 2 (no. = 4) received pelleted and chaff-based diets respectively. Dietary forms were exchanged during week 5 and ad libitum provision continued for a further 4 weeks. Behaviour and apparent nutrient digestibilities were assessed in weeks 3 and 4 of each period. Pelleted food had a lower proportion of water (P, 0·12; C, 0·22), but relative proportions of oil (0·04), crude protein (0·08), crude fibre (0·29), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0·53) and gross energy (GE) were neither altered by food processing nor time. Apparent digestibilities (DM, 0·49; GE, 0·50; NDF, 0·40 in period 1) of the pelleted and chaff-based diets were similar within periods but decreased (P 0·01) to a similar extent for both diet types (proportional changes: DM, –0·14; GE, –0·16; NDF, –0·28) in period 2. Overall, mean intakes of digestible energy (DE) for chaff-fed animals during period 1 were 0·73 (P 0·001) of pellet DE intake (DEI). Mean DEI of pellets increased (P 0·001) during period 1 to attain 1·76 (s.e. 0·25) MJ/kg M0·75 on day 25. Following transfer from pellets to chaff, DEI decreased (P 0·001) to 0·68 (s.e. 0·07) MJ/kg M0·75 by the end of period 2. In contrast, DEI of animals which progressed from chaff to pellets remained relatively constant between periods. Oestrous behaviour caused no detectable change in the appetite of individual mares. Irrespective of differences in DEI, average daily gain (ADG) in body weight and condition score (CS) did not differ between groups. Overall, mean ADG decreased (P 0·01) from 1·54 (s.e. 0·17) kg/day in period 1 to 0·26 (s.e.0·08) kg/day in period 2. Changes in body weight were associated with CS (R2 = 0·72). Each CS point represented a 53·4 (s.e. 4·8) kg gain in body weight. Chaff meals were longer (30·6 (s.e. 1·6) min, P 0·001), less frequent (23·8 (s.e. 1·4) per day, P 0·001) and associated with a lower bite rate (3·8 (s.e.0·2) per min, P 0·001) and increased chewing requirement (23 (s.e. 1·2) per bite, P 0·001), which decreased the rate of DM intake (17·0 (s.e. 0·9) g/min, P 0·0.01). Overall, chaff-fed animals spent more time feeding (0·50 (s.e. 1·3) of the time; P 0·0.01), primarily at the expense of non-feeding activity and rest. The ad libitum feeding regime enabled stabled ponies to re-establish natural feeding patterns and offers a viable alternative to meal and forage feeding. The more slowly ingested chaff form maximized time spent feeding and limited changes in DEI during the introductory period. Although CS and ADG increased over the first 4 weeks, growth and appetite returned to near maintenance values within 9 weeks in association with a decrease in dietary energy intake and nutrient digestibility.

Comparison of feeding behaviour and performance of weaned pigs given food in two types of dry feeders with integrated drinkers

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laitat ◽  
M. Vandenheede ◽  
A. Désiron ◽  
B. Canart ◽  
B. Nicks
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Type V

AbstractPerformance of 80 (tests 1 and 2) or 60 (tests 3 and 4) weaned pigs were compared when using ‘Tubetype’ feeder (T), allowing the animals to mix meal and drinking water, or another type (V) where drinking and eating places are separated. The difference in growth rate was not significant but the mean daily water consumption (1 per pig per day) was higher with T than with V in each test but significantly only in tests 1 and 3 (1·84 v. 1·40, and 2·11 v. 1·26, P < 0·01).Feeding behaviour was assessed during tests 2 and 4. Multifactor analysis of variance revealed effects (P < 0·01) of feeder, group size and period of the day on the occupation time and the average number of animals using the feeders simultaneously. These two variables were higher for V than for T (test 2: 23·4 per 24 h v. 21·5 per 24 h and 4·5 v. 3·7, P < 0·05; test 4: 20·0 per 24 h v. 18·2 per 24 h, P< 0·01). In each test, both feeders were used for a longer time and by more piglets during the ‘day’ than during the ‘night’ (P < 0·01). When grouping 40 pigs, animals used both feeders during almost all the day period (V: 15·9 per 16 h and T: 15·8 per 16 h). During the night period, this was only true with V (V: 7·4 per 8 h; T: 5·8 per 8 h). The use of feeder V in crowded conditions thus prevented preferential diurnal feeding activity, commonly described in pigs. In conclusion, even if productivity is not affected, feeding behaviour and thus eventually welfare are influenced by the type of feeder, especially with high numbers of animals.

Comparative Agonistic and Feeding Behavior of Hatchery-Reared and Wild Salmon in Aquaria

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen C. Fenderson ◽  
W. Harry Everhart ◽  
Kenneth M. Muth
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Wild Salmon

When hatchery-reared and wild landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of the same age and size were permitted to compete for social dominance and for food in aquaria, twice as many hatchery salmon attained dominance as wild salmon. Dominant hatchery salmon also showed a higher intensity of aggressiveness than dominant wild salmon, displaying a higher and more variable mean nipping rate. Socially dominant salmon ate more food per fish than subordinates, but there were no statistically significant differences in feeding rate between dominant hatchery and dominant wild salmon, or between subordinate hatchery and subordinate wild salmon.Hatchery salmon displayed lower feeding rates than wild salmon when they were held in separate compartments of an aquarium and compared at three temperatures. This difference in feeding rate probably was not a reflection of differences in adaptation to temperature or food preference, but, rather, was the result of interference with feeding caused by the more intense social interaction among hatchery fish.It is suggested that high levels of aggressiveness may contribute to mortalities of hatchery-reared salmon planted in streams because of loss of feeding time, excessive use of energy, and increased exposure to predators.

Feeding behaviour and grazing impacts of a Euplotes sp. on attached bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Lawrence ◽  
R A Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Feeding Effort ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Time Series Images

The locomotory and feeding responses of a Euplotes sp. to attached populations of Vibrio natriegens and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a continuous flow system were analyzed by computer image analysis of video microscopy recordings. Upon entry into the chamber, the ciliates moved in long continuous arcs 300 µm in length during which time no bacteria were consumed. As feeding began, the average path length shortened, the arcs became tighter, and the ciliates changed direction more frequently. The feeding activity of the Euplotes appeared to be gregarious, being concentrated in patches within the biofilm of attached bacteria. It was also noted that the feeding effort targeted patches previously visited by other Euplotes, despite reduced bacterial density relative to the surrounding field of attached bacteria. This focused and intense feeding activity resulted in localized zones of nearly complete clearance within the attached bacterial populations. Loss of bacteria and averaged ciliate presence within feeding patches were determined from digitized time series images and discrimination thresholds for particle size. These data were used to determine grazing rates indicating that Euplotes sp. removed 120 V. natriegens cells·ciliate–1·h–1 and up to 882 P. fluorescens cells·ciliate–1·h–1. However, surface clearance rates for Euplotes sp. grazing on V. natriegens and P. fluorescens were 0.02 and 0.03 mm2·ciliate–1·h–1, respectively, indicating that surface grazing pressure was fairly consistent within the patches of intense feeding activity. The effect of such intense localized feeding behaviour on attached or biofilm bacteria would be to increase spatial and temporal heterogeneity within biofilms. Key words: digital image analysis, Euplotes, grazing, biofilms.

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