Effects of dry period diet on feed intake, body composition and subsequent lactational performance of dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies (Moorbyet al, 1994) have shown that supplementing grass silage with undegradable protein (UDP) during the dry period can lead to increased yields of milk protein and lactose. These studies have often involved restriction of forage intake through limitation of access time and the feeding of straw. This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of UDP supplementation withad libitumaccess to grass silage as well as the effects of restricting forage intakes by including straw in the diets of dry cows.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing digestible undegraded protein supply to dairy cows in late gestation on the yield and composition of milk during the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractEffects of feeding a protein supplement to dairy cows during the dry period on performance during the following lactation were investigated in two experiments. Holstein-Friesian cows were paired towards the end of lactation, and, after drying off, one of each pair received a typical dry cow management regime of ad libitum grass silage (experiment 1), or a mix of grass silage and distillers' grains or pressed beet pulp (experiment 2). The other cows were offered restricted access to the same basal diet, together with ad libitum access to barley straw and 0·5 kg/day high protein maize gluten meal. During the following lactation, animals from both groups were treated without reference to dry period treatment, and were offered equal access to the same lactation diet. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of experiment means and by parallel curve analysis using sample means. In experiment 1, milk yields were similar (27·2 v. 27·9 (s.e.d. 2·12) kg/day for control and supplemented animals respectively) but milk protein yields, and hence concentrations, were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (28·9 v. 31·8 (s.e.d. 0·58) g/kg). In experiment 2, milk yields were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (mean 33·3 v. 35·4 (s.e.d. 1·66) kg/day; however, milk protein yields were also significantly increased (P < 0·001) and the change in milk protein concentration was small. No difference in dry-matter intake was recorded in a subset of animals during early lactation in experiment 2. It is hypothesized that the maternal labile body protein pool was maintained or replenished during the dry period by the provision of the protein supplement, and that this had a significant effect on subsequent lactation performance.

Effect of Metabolisable Protein on intake of grass silage and milk protein yield in dairy cows.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 113-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
B.R. Cottrill ◽  
R.M. Mansbridge ◽  
J.S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Few Data

Few data are available to evaluate the Metabolisable Protein (MP) System (AFRC, 1992) as an aid to ration formulation for dairy cows. Responses of lactating dairy cows to MP were evaluated in two experiments.In Experiment One, groups of 10 Holstein cows were offered grass silage ad libitum and 7kg DM/d of one of six (treatments 1-6) compound foods from 39d after calving, for eight weeks. All rations were isoenergetic, assuming silage intake of 11kg DM/d (typical for the herd). Ratios between MP supply (calculated from in situ protein degradability measurements) and requirement (calculated for a standard cow: 565kg live weight, 281 milk/d, 40g/kg butterfat, 33g/kg milk protein, liveweight change =0kg/d) were 1.00, 1.02, 1.06, 1.06, 1.1 and 1.17 for treatments 1-6, respectively.

Maize silage and Italian ryegrass silage as high-energy forages in organic dairy cow diets: Differences in feed intake, milk yield and quality, and nitrogen efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baldinger ◽  
W. Zollitsch ◽  
W.F. Knaus
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Organic Dairy

AbstractDuring the winter feeding period in organic dairy production systems in the alpine and pre-alpine regions of Austria and its neighboring countries, maize silage is an energy-rich forage that is regularly included in grass-silage-based diets to improve the energy supply of the cows. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) is also a high-energy fodder grass popular as forage for dairy cows, but it is rarely cultivated in Austrian organic agriculture. The two crops differ in their cultivation demands and characteristics. Italian ryegrass establishes rapidly and may reduce the risk of soil erosion. Italian ryegrass would be a beneficial addition to crop rotation, which is an essential tool in successful organic farming. In a 15-week feeding trial, Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were fed to 22 lactating Holstein dairy cows. Organically produced Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were included at a rate of 40% [of dry matter (DM)] in grass-silage-based mixed basal diets. The mixed basal diets were supplemented with modest amounts of additional concentrates (2.7–3.0 kg DM day−1). Owing to the higher energy content of maize silage as compared to Italian ryegrass silage, the maize diet provided more energy [6.3 MJ net energy for lactation (NEL) kg−1DM] than the ryegrass diet (6.15 MJ NEL kg−1DM). The protein supply of the maize diet and the ryegrass diet was intended to be equal, but in fact the protein content of the maize diet was significantly lower (122 g crude protein kg−1DM) than that of the ryegrass diet (141 g kg−1DM). When the maize diet was fed, feed intake, milk yield and milk protein content were significantly higher as compared to the ryegrass diet. Also, intake of crude protein was significantly lower when feeding the maize diet, and in combination with the higher milk protein yield, this enabled an efficiency of gross nitrogen (N) utilization as high as 0.304. This level of N efficiency can be considered as above average and was significantly and considerably higher than the level of 0.259 observed when the ryegrass diet was fed. Therefore, maize silage upholds its reputation as an ideal energy-rich component in grass-silage-based dairy cow diets.

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

Changes in nitrogen balance of dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation following different dry period diets

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
S. Miles ◽  
R.T. Evans ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
D.W.R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increases in yields of milk and milk protein have been observed from dairy cows offered a high protein supplement during the dry period (Van Saun, Idleman and Sniffen, 1993; Moorby, Dewhurst and Marsden, 1996). One possible mechanism for this is an accumulation of maternal body protein during late pregnancy and its later release during lactation. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of diet on the potential of dairy cows to accumulate and release body nitrogen over the course of the dry period and the first 20 weeks of lactation.Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered one of three diets for 6 weeks prior to calving, with 4 animals per diet, in an continuous design experiment. Animals were offered ad libitum access to A) grass silage only (medium protein), B) a grass silage/barley straw mix (60:40 on a dry matter basis) (low protein), or C) grass silage plus 0.5 kg/d high protein maize gluten meal (high protein). After calving, all animals were offered a standard lactation diet based on ad libitum grass silage plus 10 kg/d concentrate to week 12 of lactation, with 7 kg/d thereafter. Animals were housed in individual stalls for 6 d N-balance procedures on three separate occasions in two groups of six animals: during the dry period (at approximately 3 to 4 weeks before calving), early-lactation (weeks 7 to 8 after calving) and mid-lactation (weeks 17 to 18).

The effects of offering sucrose and fishmeal to dairy cows receiving different levels of concentrates on food intake and animal performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
J.J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Different Levels

Quota restricts the volume and butterfat content of milk at farm level. However there is no restriction on milk protein concentration. In a previous study in the present series, sucrose supplementation of cows in late lactation offered grass silage based diets increased milk protein concentration, while supplementation with sucrose and fishmeal increased protein concentration and the yields of milk, protein and fat plus protein equivalent to, or greater than, that obtained from the parent herbage. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of partially replacing a concentrate supplement with sucrose and/or fishmeal, over a range of concentrate feed levels, on forage intake, milk production and composition.Herbage was harvested from the primary growth of a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward, unwilted, precision chopped and treated with a formic acid based additive (Add-Safe, Trouw Nutrition) at 2.85 l/t. A concentrate was formulated consisting of unmolassed sugar beet pulp, barley, soyabean meal and minerals and vitamins. Four complete diets were prepared consisting of the silage and either concentrate (20 g/kg fresh silage) (SC), concentrate and sucrose (each at 10 g/kg fresh silage) (SCS) concentrate and fishmeal (each at 10 g/kg fresh silage) (SCF) or sucrose and fishmeal (each at 10 g/kg fresh silage) (SSF).

Effect of undegradable protein given for six weeks before calving on the performance of dairy cows in the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Friesian Cows

Previous studies (Moorby et al, 1994) have shown increased yields of protein and lactose in the subsequent lactation as a consequence of feeding additional undegradable dietary protein (UDP) and restricting energy intake during the dry period. This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementary UDP in the dry period diet of Holstein-Friesian cows given unrestricted access to grass silage and 1.5 kg of barley per day.Sixty-one cows received diets based on ad libitum access to grass silage with either (a) 1.5 kg barley / day or (b) 1.0 kg barley and 0.5 kg Maize Gluten Meal / day. After calving, cows had ad libitum access to grass silage (Metabolisable Energy (ME)=11.3 MJ/kg DM; crude protein (CP)=181 g/kg DM) and received 5 kg/day of concentrates (ME=13.0 MJ/kg DM; CP=250g/kg DM).

Plasma metabolite and hormone responses to rumen inert fat and protein supplies during the dry period in dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 74-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jaurena ◽  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
N.F.G. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Plasma Metabolite

Nutritional regime during the dry period (DP) has been shown to affect lactational performance in dairy cows. These responses could be mediated by a variety of mechanisms (e.g.increased labile body proteins, function of the mammary gland or the liver, or modifying endocrine status), which are likely to exert an overlapping function.This study analysed the effect of protein (P) and/or fat (F) supplementation in the DP on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations, as a complement to studies on body composition (Jaurena et al. 2001b.) and subsequent milk production (Jaurenaet al., 2001a.) performance. Other results also associated with this work are presented in Jaurenaet al. (2003).

scholarly journals Effects of gradual replacement of rapeseed cake with linseed cake in a grass silage-based diet for dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Matti Järvi ◽  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Linseed Cake ◽  
Ad Libitum

Eight Finncattle cows were used in two replicated 4x4 Latin squares with 21 -day periods to study the effects of replacing rapeseed cake with linseed cake in proportions of 0, 1/3, 2/3 and 1 (on air dry basis), the total amount of supplement being 1.5 kg/day (on air dry basis). The basal diet consisted of silage fed ad libitum and a 4.5 kg/day (on air dry basis) barley:oats (1:1) mixture. The experimental diets had no effect on feed intake. Effective protein degrability (EPD) determined by the nylon bag method was higher for linseed cake than for rapeseed cake. Milk production decreased linearly (P

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