The in situ degradation of four concentrate feeds in the caecum of ponies

Previous work as shown that incubation sequence has no effect on the degradation profile of feeds in the rumen of cattle and sheep. However, compared to the rumen the equine caecum is small, digesta passage rate through it is fast and total digesta volumes can vary widely. Consequently, this experiment examines the effect of bag incubation sequence on degradation co-efficients in situ in the equine caecum.Four caecally fistulated Welsh cross pony geldings (approx LW 250 kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay (DM: 938, CP: 70; NDF: 728) plus 30 g/h/d of a horse mineral supplement. Duplicate incubation bags (monofilament polyester, 6.5 x 20 cm, 41 um pores, 16 mg/cm2 sample size) containing a commercial horse concentrate (DM: 918, CP:151, NDF: 403) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0,3,5,16,8,24,48) or reverse (48,24,8,16,5,3,0) incubation sequence.

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The effect of incubation sequence on in situ degradation of concentrate feed components in the caecum of ponies

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200592965 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 97-97

Author(s):

J J Hyslop ◽

G J Stefansdottir ◽

D Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Mineral Supplement ◽

Grass Hay ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Digesta Passage ◽

Fixed Times ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Previous work as shown that incubation sequence has no effect on the degradation profile of feeds in the rumen of cattle and sheep. However, compared to the rumen the equine caecum is small, digesta passage rate through it is fast and total digesta volumes can vary widely. Consequently, this experiment examines the effect of bag incubation sequence on degradation co-efficients in situ in the equine caecum.Four caecally fistulated Welsh cross pony geldings (approx LW 250 kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay (DM: 938, CP: 70; NDF: 728) plus 30 g/h/d of a horse mineral supplement. Duplicate incubation bags (monofilament polyester, 6.5 x 20 cm, 41 um pores, 16 mg/cm2 sample size) containing a commercial horse concentrate (DM: 918, CP:151, NDF: 403) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0,3,5,16,8,24,48) or reverse (48,24,8,16,5,3,0) incubation sequence.

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Effect of physical processing on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of ponies

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200597798 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 127-127

Author(s):

B M L McLean ◽

J J Hyslop ◽

A C Longland ◽

D Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Physical Processing ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Fixed Times

Cereal grains are often subjected to physical processing before being fed to equids. However, little information is available on how physical processing of cereals affects degradation dynamics in equids. This experiment examines the effect of two physical processing methods (micronisation and extrusion) on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of poniesThree caecally fistulated mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (approx. LW 270kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay plus minerals. Incubation bags (monofilament polyester 6.5 x 20cm, 41μm pores, 16mg/cm2 sample size) containing either unprocessed barley (UB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 8, 24, 48h) and reverse (48, 24, 8, 4, 12, 6, 2, 0h) incubation sequence. For each feedstuff residues from each time were bulked within pony and across incubation sequence for subsequent analysis of dry matter (DM) and starch (STC). Degradation profiles were fitted to the DM and STC disappearance data according to Ørskov and McDonald (1979).

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Effect of physical processing on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of ponies

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600033407 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 127-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B M L McLean ◽

J J Hyslop ◽

A C Longland ◽

D Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Physical Processing ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Fixed Times

Cereal grains are often subjected to physical processing before being fed to equids. However, little information is available on how physical processing of cereals affects degradation dynamics in equids. This experiment examines the effect of two physical processing methods (micronisation and extrusion) on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of poniesThree caecally fistulated mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (approx. LW 270kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay plus minerals. Incubation bags (monofilament polyester 6.5 x 20cm, 41μm pores, 16mg/cm2 sample size) containing either unprocessed barley (UB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 8, 24, 48h) and reverse (48, 24, 8, 4, 12, 6, 2, 0h) incubation sequence. For each feedstuff residues from each time were bulked within pony and across incubation sequence for subsequent analysis of dry matter (DM) and starch (STC). Degradation profiles were fitted to the DM and STC disappearance data according to Ørskov and McDonald (1979).

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Effect of physical processing on in situ degradation of maize and peas in the caecum of ponies

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200002891 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 134-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B M L McLean ◽

J J Hyslop ◽

A C Longland ◽

D Cuddeford ◽

T Hollands

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Physical Processing ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Fixed Times

Maize and peas that have undergone physical processing are used routinely in cereal mixes for equines. However, little information is available on how physical processing of maize and peas affects degradation dynamics in equines. This experiment examines the effect of two physical processing methods (micronisation and extrusion) on in situ degradation of maize and peas in the caecum of poniesTwo caecally-fistulated mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (approx. LW 270kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay plus minerals. Incubation bags (monofilament polyester 6.5 x 20cm, 41? m pores, 16mg/cm2 sample size) containing either unprocessed maize (UM), micronised maize (MM), extruded maize (EM), unprocessed peas (UP), micronised peas (MP) or extruded peas (EP) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 8, 24, 48h) and reverse (48, 24, 8, 4, 12, 6, 2, 0h) incubation sequence. For each feedstuff residues from each time were bulked within pony and across incubation sequence for subsequent analysis of dry matter (DM) and starch (STC).

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The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance, lactation and carcass quality of once bred gilts

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620059173x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

A H Stewart ◽

S A Edwards ◽

V R Fowler

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Reproductive Physiology ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Ad Libitum

The once bred gilt system of production has a number of benefits in terms of feed efficiency and welfare, however the system relies on the production of a quality carcass and acceptable reproductive performance. Previous studies have indicated that welfare might be improved if gilts were ad-libitum fed a diet containing 60% Sugar beet pulp (Stewart et al 1993). There was a suggestion however that reproductive physiology may be put at risk using such a diet. The objective of this experiment was to identify differences in reproductive performance using two different energy sources in gestation and to manipulate nutrition during lactation to study the effect on carcass quality.

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The effect of using fibrous feeds as nutrient diluents on the carcass quality and performance of finishing pigs fed ad libitum

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600021358 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1992 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

B P Gill ◽

A G Taylor ◽

B Hardy ◽

J G Perrott

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Meat Eating ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

And Performance

Satisfactory levels of performance and improved carcass and meat eating quality in growing pigs fed high levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) have been recently demonstrated by Kay et al. (1990) and Longland et al. (1991). One of the main advantages from feeding SBP was a reduction in carcass fatness and increased returns from improved grading. The objective of this work was to determine whether these benefits could be sustained to heavier finishing weights and to compare differences in the response to SBP as a source of readily fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and to oat feed (OF), a cereal by-product high in insoluble NSP, which is less easily degraded.

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The mobile bag technique as a method for determining the degradation of four botanically diverse fibrous feedstuffs in the small intestine and total digestive tract of ponies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002734 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 729-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽

J. J. Hyslop ◽

A. C. Longland ◽

D. Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Oat Hulls ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Naked Oats

Anin saccomobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull–naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. Ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags (60×10×10 mm) containing 350 mg feed, in a 3×4 Latin square design. Bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, SIB) and in the faeces (faecal bag, FB) and their residues analysed for proximate constituents and NSP composition and content. DM disappearances from individual bags were fitted to degradation profiles () and effective degradability values determined. Significant differences (P<0·05) in DM, organic matter and crude protein (N×6·25) losses from SIB were noted between feeds with hay cubes and oat hulls–naked oats > sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls. Acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and NSP disappearances were small and varied little between feeds. In contrast, FB losses showed significant (P<0·05) differences for all constituents measured with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls > hay cubes > oat hulls–naked oats. Crude protein losses from sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls in FB were significantly higher (P<0·05) than from SIB. FB degradation curves showed degradation to be affected by bag residence time with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls and the effective degradability showed that significantly more (P<0·05) sugar-beet pulp was lost at 40.0 and 60.0 h than for the other three feeds. These results show that sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls are rapidly degraded by ponies and could be used as alternatives to hay in equid rations. However, the foregut availability of crude protein from sugar-beet pulp is poor, so a readily digestible source of crude protein should be offered to animals with high protein demands when diets are based on sugar-beet pulp.

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The performance of group-housed sows offered a high fibre diet ad libitum

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051626 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

X. Whittaker ◽

S. A. Edwards ◽

H. A. M. Spoolder ◽

S. Corning ◽

A. B. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

High Fibre Diet ◽

Feeding Regime ◽

Fibre Diet ◽

High Fibre ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Unrestricted Access ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Ad Libitum

AbstractAs a part of a study investigating the extent to which ad libitum feeding of a high fibre diet could mitigate behavioural problems associated with food restriction, the performance of sows given food at restricted or ad libitum levels was compared. Ten subgroups of five were allocated to each of the restricted (R) and ad libitum (A) feeding regimes. Five weeks after service, subgroups were introduced into one of two dynamic groups of sows housed in adjacent straw-bedded pens. R sows received a fixed daily ration (parity 1: 2·2 kg; parity 2: 2·4 kg) of a conventional pregnancy diet (13·1 MJ digestible energy per kg) from an electronic sow feeder. Sows on the A regime had unrestricted access to five single-space hoppers dispensing a high fibre diet (containing 600 g unmolassed sugar beet pulp per kg). Subgroups were maintained on these gestation feeding regimes for two consecutive parities. During both parities, A sows were heavier by day 50 of gestation (parity 1: P < 0·05; parity 2: P < 0·01) and at farrowing (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow weight at weaning, due to a greater weight loss during lactation of A (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow backfat thickness, sow reproductive performance or litter performance in either parity. This suggests that unmolassed sugar beet pulp diets may be used to feed sows on an ad libitum basis during gestation without compromising productivity. However, food intakes may be too high (estimated at 4·1 kg per sow per day) to make ad libitum feeding of pregnant sows an attractive option for producers.

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The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance, lactation and carcass quality of once bred gilts

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600029445 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

A H Stewart ◽

S A Edwards ◽

V R Fowler

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Reproductive Physiology ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Ad Libitum

The once bred gilt system of production has a number of benefits in terms of feed efficiency and welfare, however the system relies on the production of a quality carcass and acceptable reproductive performance. Previous studies have indicated that welfare might be improved if gilts were ad-libitum fed a diet containing 60% Sugar beet pulp (Stewart et al 1993). There was a suggestion however that reproductive physiology may be put at risk using such a diet. The objective of this experiment was to identify differences in reproductive performance using two different energy sources in gestation and to manipulate nutrition during lactation to study the effect on carcass quality.

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