scholarly journals Mechanisms of Glioma Invasion: Role of Matrix-Metalloproteinases

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Uhm ◽  
N.P. Dooley ◽  
J.-G. Villemure ◽  
V.W. Yong
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Glioma Invasion ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Peripheral Origin

ABSTRACT:One of the most lethal properties of high grade gliomas is their ability to invade the surrounding normal brain tissue, as infiltrated cells often escape surgical resection and inevitably lead to tumour recurrence. The consequent poor prognosis and survival rate underscore the need to further understand and target the cellular mechanisms that underly tumour invasiveness. Proteases which degrade the surrounding stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins have been demonstrated to be critical effectors of invasion for tumours of both central and peripheral origin. Within the nervous system, the role of metalloproteinases as well as other classes of proteases in mediating the invasive phenotype of high grade gliomas has been an intense area of research. We present in this article a review of this literature and address the possibility that these proteases and the biochemical pathways that regulate their expression, such as protein kinase C, may represent potential targets in the therapy of high grade gliomas.

mTORC and PKCε in Regulation of Alcohol Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 1696-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athirah Hanim ◽  
Isa Naina Mohamed ◽  
Rashidi M. Pakri Mohamed ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
Norefrina Shafinaz Md Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase C Epsilon ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by compulsive binge alcohol intake, leading to various health and social harms. Protein Kinase C epsilon (PKCε), a specific family of PKC isoenzyme, regulates binge alcohol intake, and potentiates alcohol-related cues. Alcohol via upstream kinases like the mammalian target to rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) or 2 (mTORC2), may affect the activities of PKCε or vice versa in AUD. mTORC2 phosphorylates PKCε at hydrophobic and turn motif, and was recently reported to be associated with alcohol-seeking behavior, suggesting the potential role of mTORC2-PKCε interactions in the pathophysiology of AUD. mTORC1 regulates translation of synaptic proteins involved in alcohol-induced plasticity. Hence, in this article, we aimed to review the molecular composition of mTORC1 and mTORC2, drugs targeting PKCε, mTORC1, and mTORC2 in AUD, upstream regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in AUD and downstream cellular mechanisms of mTORCs in the pathogenesis of AUD.

scholarly journals Stereotactic Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S24-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lee ◽  
Steven Kalkanis ◽  
Constantinos G. Hadjipanayis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Therapy ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy ◽  
Ablation Volume ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

Abstract BACKGROUND: The value of maximal safe cytoreductive surgery in recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is gaining wider acceptance. However, patients may harbor recurrent tumors that may be difficult to access with open surgery. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is emerging as a technique for treating a variety of brain pathologies, including primary and metastatic tumors, radiation necrosis, and epilepsy. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of LITT in the treatment of recurrent HGGs, for which current treatments have limited efficacy, and to discuss the possible role of LITT in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier to increase delivery of chemotherapy locoregionally. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify 17 articles potentially appropriate for review. Of these 17, 6 reported currently commercially available systems and as well as magnetic resonance thermometry to monitor the ablation and, thus, were thought to be most appropriate for this review. These studies were then reviewed for complications associated with LITT. Ablation volume, tumor coverage, and treatment times were also reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty-four lesions in 63 patients with recurrent HGGs were treated with LITT. Frontal (n = 34), temporal (n = 14), and parietal (n = 16) were the most common locations. Permanent neurological deficits were seen in 7 patients (12%), vascular injuries occurred in 2 patients (3%), and wound infection was observed in 1 patient (2%). Ablation coverage of the lesions ranged from 78% to 100%. CONCLUSION: Although experience using LITT for recurrent HGGs is growing, current evidence is insufficient to offer a recommendation about its role in the treatment paradigm for recurrent HGGs.

scholarly journals Is There an Independent Role of TERT and NF1 in High Grade Gliomas?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Razis ◽  
Vassiliki Kotoula ◽  
Georgia-Angeliki Koliou ◽  
Kyriaki Papadopoulou ◽  
Eleni Vrettou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

scholarly journals Is it time to reconsider the role of irinotecan for the treatment of high-grade gliomas?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eudocia Quant Lee ◽  
J Ricardo McFaline-Figueroa ◽  
Timothy F Cloughesy ◽  
Patrick Y Wen
Keyword(s):  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

The Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in the Management of High-Grade Gliomas

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Wind ◽  
Richard Young ◽  
Ashima Saini ◽  
Jonathan H. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

scholarly journals With a Little Help from My Friends: The Role of Intraoperative Fluorescent Dyes in the Surgical Management of High-Grade Gliomas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Maugeri ◽  
Alessandro Villa ◽  
Mariangela Pino ◽  
Alessia Imperato ◽  
Giuseppe Giammalva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

scholarly journals Immunological Dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Romano ◽  
Concetta Conticello ◽  
Maide Cavalli ◽  
Calogero Vetro ◽  
Alessia La Fauci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hematologic Disease

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a systemic hematologic disease due to uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow (BM). Emerging in other solid and liquid cancers, the host immune system and the microenvironment have a pivotal role for PC growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and resistance to drugs and are responsible for some clinical manifestations of MM. In MM, microenvironment is represented by the cellular component of a normal bone marrow together with extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and PC themselves. All these components are able to protect PC from cytotoxic effect of chemo- and radiotherapy. This review is focused on the role of immunome to sustain MM progression, the emerging role of myeloid derived suppressor cells, and their potential clinical implications as novel therapeutic target.

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