Air Traffic Control and its Influence on the Navigation Problem

1959 ◽  
Vol 63 (579) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The One ◽  
New System

Navigation used to be solely concerned with the safest and most expedient means of directing an aircraft to its objective—either the destination airport or a military target. Nowadays, especially in civil aviation but increasingly in military transport operations, the need to comply with air traffic control (A.T.C.) procedures is tending to dominate both the technique of navigation and the kind of navigation aids used.In recent years great stress has been placed on the problem of air traffic control and now, with the imminent arrival of jet air liners in large numbers, the consternation is even greater. Reactions to the problem vary, so that on the one hand there are the down-to-earth realists who see no immediate prospects of any revolutionary improvement in A.T.C. methods; on the other hand there are the optimists who already speak of the present A.T.C. system as though it is a thing of the past and talk of the “ new “ system which will replace it when the jets arrive. Despite the most extensive studies of the problem, such as that recently undertaken by the Curtis Presidential Committee in the United States, no entirely satisfactory description of the “ new “ system of A.T.C. has materialised. Meanwhile the penalities of restriction and delay of jet aircraft by air traffic control need no emphasis, but to give one example, the Comet I, when operated by B.O.A.C., regularly arrived at London Airport with at least two hours fuel as diversion and traffic reserve. The weight of this fuel was of a similar order to the total payload of the aeroplane, so it will be realised that economic operation of jet aircraft can stand or fall on this single issue of air traffic control.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-664
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Navigation Service

The 39th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) extended from January 27 to April 14, 1960, during which time the Council considered several questions on air navigation, air transport, and technical assistance, as well as administrative and legal matters. In the field of air navigation, the two subjects that aroused the most interest were Amendment 35 to Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications), proposing new specifications for distance-measuring equipment, and the Secretariat's reports on investigations of major deficiencies in air navigation facilities and services on the main international air routes. After a debate in which the United States, the Netherlands, and the Federal Republic of Germany strongly supported the aforementioned amendment, with Australia, Canada, the Union of South Africa, and the United Kingdom opposing it, the following were adopted, to be approved or rejected by member states by September 1, 1960: 1) the new Standard making VOR (omnidirectional radio range) the standard aid for air traffic control and other operational purposes en route as well as in terminal areas; 2) the new Standard requiring the installation of DME (distancemeasuring equipment) as a complement to VOR where, for operational or air traffic control reasons, there was need for more precise navigation service than that provided by VOR; and 3) amendments relating to the “protection date” for VOR and DME. To determine whether joint financing might be a possible remedy for specific deficiencies in air navigation facilities and services, the Council established a working body to study the Secretariat's reports and present its findings to the June session of the Council.

Where Do We Go From Here? Some Thoughts on the Air Traffic Control Problem

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
D. O. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Services

Impatience is frequently expressed at the slow rate of progress in improving the efficiency of air traffic control. It is being expressed most forcibly at this time in the United States, because the military services require the separation problem to be solved for the large numbers of military jet flights, and because civil jet aeroplanes have been ordered by the airlines and will soon appear on the Federal Airways. Although a great deal of basic study has been made of the problem of air traffic control, it is becoming clear that there is no panacea for its solution. Air traffic control is concerned with the safe expeditious flow of air traffic. This involves a number of separate but interrelated problems both in the aircraft and on the ground. Thus we see a programme of development on a very wide front involving navigation aids, communications, radar performance and presentation, data display and so on. Progress in any one field may affect the requirements in another, and so it is most necessary for all concerned to have a clear view of the situation as a whole in order that they may see the wood as well as the trees. Lively discussion of the subject can therefore be most fruitful, both among those directly concerned—the pilots and the controllers—and among the specialists in the various branches of development.

The Economics of Air Traffic Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Angus Hislop
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

This paper is based mainly on a study carried out in 1976/7 for the UK Department of Industry into the long-term development of air traffic control systems in Europe by a team drawn from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment and private industry, in which Coopers and Lybrand provided the economic expertise.Until the early 1970s, air traffic control was almost completely neglected by air transport economists. Economists contributed to the planning of airports and airline operations but not to the third facet of the air transport system. However, in 1970–1, in conjunction with a programme of expansion and improvement of the country's airports and airways, the US Department of Transportation launched a major study of the airport and airways system. This was designed to establish an equitable charging policy between the different categories of user but in the event its recommendations in this area have only recently begun to be followed.

The Effect of Air Traffic Control Policy on the Growth of Aviation

1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (691) ◽  
pp. 647-654
Author(s):  
H. C. N. Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The Usa

Much of what I am going to say is opinion and many will find it controversial. It is therefore essential to start off from a firm and incontrovertible basis of fact. By this means it should be possible to narrow down the controversy considerably. Table I represents the state of aviation in this country in comparison with the USA. These facts are confined to civil aviation since it is the growth of civil aviation that I am talking about.

Operational Research into Air Traffic Control

1949 ◽  
Vol 53 (466) ◽  
pp. 965-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Technical Interest

With the return of British civil aviation to normal operating conditions after the war it was found that several problems which had previously given little cause for concern had become acute. More especially, the increase in the volume of traffic, particularly under instrument flying conditions, together with certain indirect consequences of the greater sizes and weights of aircraft, had brought about greatly increased congestion around major airports, and there was, therefore, an urgent requirement for an effective system of close air traffic control to ensure the safety and rapid movement of the traffic.The Ministry of Civil Aviation immediately gave much attention to this problem of air traffic control, but at once found itself in serious difficulties on account of lack of sufficiently precise knowledge of the traffic and the traffic pattern. The then Controller of Technical and. Operational Services, Sir Conrad Collier, realised that the obtaining of the necessary data concerning air traffic control and other matters of technical interest was essentially a matter of operational research, and in 1947 a small operational research section was established which began work in the autumn of that year.

scholarly journals Improving the Reliability of the Information and Measurement System of Aviation Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
A V Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Surveillance Systems

Abstract It is shown that various sensors are used to ensure air traffic control in civil aviation, namely: primary and secondary radars, multilateration surveillance systems, automatic dependent surveillance systems of broadcast and contract types, multistatic radars. Based on the analysis of the main disadvantages of the considered systems, it was concluded that the use of multilateration aircraft surveillance systems (MLAT) is promising. The need to improve the reliability of MLAT is noted. The work proposes a method of structural and informational redundancy of MLAT based on the introduction of an additional receiver into its design. It allows to measure the distance to the aircraft using the energy method. The analysis of increasing the reliability of MLAT at various redundancy rates is carried out.

Air Traffic Control and Military Operations

1961 ◽  
Vol 65 (606) ◽  
pp. 399-400
Author(s):  
J. B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Joint Approach

The basic objective of air traffic control in military flying is, of course, the same as in any other flying; to enable all aircraft to fly safely throughout each flight with the maximum freedom to attain their purpose efficiently. In practice, this necessarily involves the imposition of conditions and restrictions, and it is one of the main aims in the development of air traffic services to increase both the safety and flexibility of aircraft operation with the minimum restrictions. In progressing this we fully recognise the needs of civil aviation and, contrary to some public misconceptions of civil/military conflict in air traffic control, a joint approach is made at all levels to resolve A.T.C. requirements.

scholarly journals Cleared for Takeoff? A Snapshot of Context for Change in a High-Risk Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-305
Author(s):  
Eric Arne Lofquist ◽  
Scott G. Isaksen
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Person Environment Fit

Civil aviation is a high-risk industry where actors are experiencing increasing focus on economic performance, greater international competition, and growing safety threats that require continual organizational adjustments. In this article, we present the findings of a case study conducted within the Norwegian national air traffic management organization—Avinor, in preparation for a major reorganization initiative. In this study, we mapped the aggregated readiness and positioning for organizational change in the three main air traffic control centers in Norway using a mixed-method approach to person–environment Fit to help organizational leaders better understand each unit’s positioning for change, and more specifically, individual preferences for change styles. The results suggest that participants at the different air traffic control centers had developed distinctly different change preferences at both the group and individual levels, and that each was distinctly different from the other units in their positioning and readiness for change.

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