A Simple Method for Simultaneous Projection of a Schlieren Image on a Viewing Screen and into a Camera

1963 ◽  
Vol 67 (631) ◽  
pp. 454-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nebbeling
Keyword(s):  
Light Beam ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Schlieren Image ◽  
Steady Flows ◽  
Knife Edge ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Schlieren System ◽  
Simple Arrangement ◽  
Viewing Screen

The toepler schlieren system of wind tunnels is usually designed in such a way that an image of the flow in the test section can be formed in a camera for taking flow pictures. For visual observation, a mirror is inserted in the light beam and the image is projected on a screen. When a photograph or film record of the flow is desired, the mirror is removed by some quick-acting mechanism to allow the light beam to enter the camera. Especially in the case of non-steady flows, the time lag involved in removing the mirror can prove to be a drawback. An interesting pattern observed upon the screen may have vanished by the time the light beam is switched over to the camera. At the same time the image disappears from the screen, leaving the operator in doubt whether or not the pattern lasted long enough to be recorded by the camera. In this note a very simple arrangement of the schlieren system is described, which gives simultaneously an image on the viewing screen and in the camera. So far as the author knows, it is not applied elsewhere. The method consists of the use of a mirror knife edge instead of the usual knife edge.

Knife Edge for a Schlieren System

1959 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Fuhs
Keyword(s):  
Knife Edge ◽  
Schlieren System

A simple method to assess unsaturated zone time lag in the travel time from ground surface to receptor

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo R. Sousa ◽  
Jon P. Jones ◽  
Emil O. Frind ◽  
David L. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Simple Method

Compatibility and Stability of Paclitaxel Combined with Cisplatin and with Carboplatin in Infusion Solutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1465-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Quanyun A Xu ◽  
Lawrence A Trissel ◽  
Doward L Gilbert ◽  
J Frank Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Light Beam ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
Physical And Chemical

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physical compatibility and chemical stability of paclitaxel at concentrations of 0.3 and 1.2 mg/mL with cisplatin 0.2 mg/mL in NaCl 0.9% injection and with carboplatin 2 mg/mL in NaCl 0.9% injection and dextrose 5% injection over 7 days at 4, 23, and 32°C. DESIGN: The test samples were prepared in polyolefin bags of the infusion solutions at the required drug concentrations. Evaluations were performed initially and after 4 hours, and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of storage at temperatures of 4, 23, and 32°C for physical and chemical stability. Physical stability was assessed by using visual observation in normal light and using a high-intensity monodirectional light beam. In addition, turbidity and particle content were measured electronically. Chemical stability of the three drugs was evaluated by using three stability-indicating HPLC analytical techniques. RESULTS: All samples were physically stable through 1 day. However, microcrystalline precipitation of paclitaxel occurred in 3 days in some samples and within 5 days in all samples. Paclitaxel concentrations remained above 90% in all samples throughout the study. Cisplatin admixtures exhibited paclitaxel concentration-dependent decomposition with cisplatin losses of approximately 5–8% in 4 hours and approximately 20% in 1 day at 23 and 32°C in the paclitaxel 1.2 mg/mL admixtures. With paclitaxel 0.3 mg/mL in the admixtures, cisplatin losses were about 10% in 7 days at these temperatures. Carboplatin in admixtures with both concentrations of paclitaxel was stable for 7 days at 4°C, but sustained losses of about 10% and 12% in 3 days at 23 and 32°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Admixtures of paclitaxel 0.3 and 1.2 mg/mL with cisplatin and carboplatin are limited in their utility time by both paclitaxel microcrystalline precipitation and decomposition of cisplatin and carboplatin. The admixture of paclitaxel 1.2 mg/mL with cisplatin 0.2 mg/mL in NaCl 0.9% injection exhibits unacceptable cisplatin loss in 24 hours. All other combinations were physically and chemically stable for at least 24 hours at 4, 23, and 32°C.

Thin Foil Viewing Screens and On-Line Computer as HVEM Focusing Aids

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
J. Pawley ◽  
D. Neuberger ◽  
P. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Viewing Screen ◽  
On Line ◽  
Screen Performance

Because 1 MeV electrons have a mm range in the A1 viewing screen substrate, the screen image is dim and of low resolution/contrast (CTF). This makes it difficult to focus and, at higher magnification, to stigmate. This paper describes improvements both to the normal viewing screen and to a low light level TV viewing system as part of an ongoing improvement program.Improvements in viewing screen performance have been handicapped by the lack of a simple method of measuring screen CTF. In the only careful study, Camps and Cosslett used the microscope lenses to form a spot on the screen and this was then scanned in a fan-shaped raster. The raster was photographed through the viewing window and the negative then analyzed at different line spacings with a microdensitometer. Unfortunately, this study only analyzed the effect of phosphor type and thickness and did not consider the thickness and atomic number of the substrate.

Knife-Edge Controller for a Schlieren System

1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Knife Edge ◽  
Schlieren System

Magnetoliposomes May Be Useful for Elimination of HIV from Infected Individuals

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 935-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melánia Babincová ◽  
Eva Eva Machová
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Homogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Venous Shunt ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A simple method is proposed for the treatm ent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by introducing into the blood stream magnetoliposomes with coupled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor proteins. After some time lag, needed for binding of HIV and HIV-infected cells to magnetoliposomes, the arterio-venous shunt, as used with dialysis patients should be inserted and the patient’s blood should be passed through multiple tubes filled with stainless steel wool, each of which is surrounded by a coil producing a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field, which may result in a substantial reduction of HIV and HIV-infected cells in the infected body.

A SPINNING POLARIZER AND SPINNING ANALYZER METHOD FOR VISUALIZING THE ISOCHROMATES IN CONOSCOPIC INTERFEROMETERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (30) ◽  
pp. 1350175
Author(s):  
OLUWATOBI OLORUNSOLA ◽  
OLUWASEYE DADA ◽  
PENGQIAN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Circular Polarizer ◽  
Isochromatic Fringes ◽  
Quarter Wave ◽  
Viewing Screen ◽  
Linear Polarizer

We have developed a spinning polarizer and spinning analyzer (SPSA) method to visualize the whole isochromatic fringes in conoscopic interferometers for the study of optically anisotropic materials. This simple method completely eliminates the broad and dark isogyre fringes appearing in a conventional conoscopic interferometer where a linear polarizer and a linear analyzer (LPLA) are used. Our method allows the direct visualization of the isochromates on the viewing screen by eyes in real time, without the need of additional optics or detectors other than those used in a conventional conoscopic interferometer, and no additional computation is required. This method works at any polarization state of the input light, and at any wavelength permitted by the polarizers. In the case of polychromatic illumination our method reveals the isochromates of all colors indiscriminatively, in comparison to the method of circular polarizer and circular analyzer (CPCA), which is considerably subject to spectrum modulation due to the dispersion in the retardation of the quarter-wave plates. The proposed method is demonstrated in a lithium niobate ( LiNbO 3) crystal driven by an external electric field.

Stroboscopic schlieren system for the visual observation of pulsed ultrasonic waves

1964 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Hunter ◽  
D. Ensminger ◽  
D.E. Stutz ◽  
O.A. Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Schlieren System ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasonic

scholarly journals Focus characterization of an X-ray free-electron laser by intensity correlation measurement of X-ray fluorescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371
Author(s):  
Nami Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Matsuyama ◽  
Takato Inoue ◽  
Ichiro Inoue ◽  
Jumpei Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Knife Edge ◽  
Intensity Correlation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small X ◽  
Focused Beam

This paper proposes and demonstrates a simple method using the intensity correlation of X-ray fluorescence to evaluate the focused beam size of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). This method was applied to the sub-micrometre focused XFEL beam at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser, and the beam size evaluated using the proposed method was consistent with that measured using the knife-edge scan method. The proposed method is readily applicable to extremely small X-ray spots and can be applied for the precise diagnostics of sub-10 nm focused X-ray beams which have recently emerged.

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