XV.—An Investigation into the Structure and Life-History of the Sulphur Bacteria (I)

1925 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
David Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
Sulphuretted Hydrogen

The sulphur bacteria are found in shallow waters, both marine and fresh, and play an active part in the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter. They require for their full development an abundant supply of oxygen and of sulphuretted hydrogen. They do not thrive unless the water is periodically renewed, or else is so shallow that oxygen is obtainable to a fairly large extent from the atmosphere. When the oxygen is used up their development rapidly comes to an end, and in some cases, as is described below, the organisms disappear completely. They derive their supply of sulphuretted hydrogen from the decomposition of the protein molecule of vegetable and animal matter. Usually a growth of sulphur bacteria is visible to the naked eye as a greyish or reddish mantle covering the surface of a mass of decomposing organic matter. If, for some reason or other, the supply of oxygen is not plentiful at the bottom of the pool, the mass of growth leaves the surface of the decomposing matter and moves nearer the surface of the water.

scholarly journals Life History of Lepidostoma hirtum in an Iberian Stream and its Role in Organic Matter Processing

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 559 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. S. Azevedo-Pereira ◽  
M. A. S. Graça ◽  
J. M. González
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Matter Processing

Life history of Mysis stenolepis Smith (Crustacea, Mysidacea)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Amaratunga ◽  
S. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
History Of

A 17-month field study showed that Mysis stenolepis in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick lives for about 1 year. Young are released in shallow water early in spring and grow rapidly during the summer. In the fall, young adults migrate to deeper water where they reach sexual maturity. Transfer of sperm lakes place during winter in deeper regions of the Bay. soon after which the males die. Females survive and in spring migrate to shallow waters to release young after which they die. Females breed once and carry an average of 157 young per brood. Developmental stages of the postmarsupial young are described and discussed.

The life history of Branchinecta mackini Dexter (Crustacea: Anostraca) in an argillotrophic lake of Alberta

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Daborn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fairy Shrimp ◽  
Maximum Biomass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Size

The life history of B. mackini was studied in a large argillotrophic lake during 1970–1972. Hatching began immediately after spring thaw and was terminated by rising salinity 10 days to 2 weeks later. Growth rates reached maxima of 1 mm/day at 4 weeks of age and then declined as mean size approached 22–23 mm at 7–8 weeks. Clutch sizes varied as a function of female length. Maximum biomass of 580 mg dry weight/m2 (2700 cal/m2) was reached in late May, of which 3.9% per day was consumed by B. gigas. Source of the energy is presumed to be a bacteria – organic matter complex associated with suspended particles. Life cycle details are compared with other fairy shrimp species and the role of B. mackini in the community is discussed.

Early life history of the pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis (Pisces: Syngnathidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Monteiro ◽  
V.C. Almada ◽  
M.N. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Full Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The embryonic and larval development of the pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis is described. The full development sequence lasted 30 d (at 14–15°C), being shortened to 25–26 d at higher temperatures (16–17°C), and hatching occurred throughout a 2–3 d period. Unlike species of the genus Syngnathus, the newly hatched larvae presented a functional mouth apparatus and the yolk sac completely absorbed.

scholarly journals Life history of Capnia bifrons (Newman, 1838) (Plecoptera: Capniidae) in a small Apennine creek, NW Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tiziano ◽  
Manuel Jesús López-Rodríguez ◽  
Alessandro Mogni ◽  
Josè Manuel Tierno de Figueroa ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Coarse Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nw Italy

The biology of stoneflies from Apennine mountain system is little known. In the present study, we provide information on the life cycle, secondary production, nymphal feeding and flight period of <i>Capnia bifrons</i> (Newman, 1838) in the Albedosa creek (NW Italy). At this study site, the species has a univoltine life cy- cle, with a relatively short and fast nymphal development period and high annual secondary production. Nymphs feed mainly on detritus but incorporate also other food items in their diet, such as coarse particulate organic matter and fungi. Ontogenetic shift from collector-gatherer to shredder habits is detected. Emer- gence is in February–April, slightly late compared to northern populations.

scholarly journals Nymphal biology of Brachyptera risi (Morton, 1896) (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) in a North Apennine stream (Italy)

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Fenoglio ◽  
Tiziano Bo ◽  
Jesus López-Rodríguez ◽  
José Tierno de Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Trophic Plasticity ◽  
Egg Diapause ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Populations

Some aspects of the life history of a population of Brachyptera risi were investigated in a North Apennine stream and compared with previously studied European populations. In our study area, this species showed a univoltine fast seasonal life cycle. Nymphs were present from January to the beginning of May, probably spending the rest of the year mainly in egg diapause. Fine particulate organic matter was the principal component of the diet, while diatoms and other algae were also found in the guts. This finding suggests the existence of greater trophic plasticity of the species. Individuals of this population act as gatherer-collectors but not as scrapers as usually pointed out for other European populations. We also detected considerable amounts of animal matter in the gut contents. The density of B. risi nymphs in the study area was very variable during the study period, ranging from 0 to 2,348 ind/m2.

On the Life History of Ascaris lumbricoides, L. Part V

Parasitology ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Full Account ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Full Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Feeding

Since the publication of Part IV (Stewart, 1919), four papers dealing with the life-history of Ascaris lumbricoides have appeared.(1) Ransom and Foster (1920) give a full account of their work, preliminary reports of which have already been published (1917 and 1919).As evidence in the problem of whether the worm can undergo full development in one host alone, they attach great importance to two experiments, one on a kid and one on a lamb, in which after the administration of ripe eggs of A. suilla, they recovered worms from the intestines. In the kid, which died 24 days after the first feeding, the worms measured from 4·3 to 11·4 mm.; in the lamb, which was killed 103 days after feeding, the worms measured from 60 to 110 mm. The authors consider that, as Ascaris infection is uncommon in goats and sheep, the worms may without doubt be ascribed to the experimental feeding. They record five experiments on pigs which gave doubtful results, since the pigs fed with Ascaris eggs were found, after varying periods, to be on the average less infected with Ascaris than pigs which were kept as controls, and had not been so fed.

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