(Dis)agreements in the management of conservation conflicts in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Malena Oliva ◽  
Eduardo García-Frapolli ◽  
Luciana Porter-Bolland ◽  
Salvador Montiel

SummaryTo manage widespread conservation conflicts, building a shared understanding among the parties involved has been considered key. However, there is little empirical evidence of the role this understanding might play in the context of imposed biosphere reserves. Using semi-structured and in-depth interviews in two communities within the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, we explored whether or not there is a shared understanding of conflicts between local people and reserve managers, and we analysed its contribution to conflict management. We found that a shared understanding is not a determining factor when the conflict solution demands actions that exceed stakeholders’ functions. While a shared understanding helps with the global process of conflict management, there are other challenges: local impairment resulting from the exclusionary creation and the operation of protected areas and the need for action to solve a conflict that exceeds the functions of stakeholders.

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Justin Kyale Koy ◽  
Alphonse Maindo Monga Ngonga ◽  
D. Andrew Wardell

The participation of local communities in the governance of protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo is challenged by several external and local factors. This article aims to understand the representation of local communities and factors that influence their participation in the governance of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Three principal sources of information (archival records, focus group and semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data. The results indicate a top-down participatory approach. The cumulative failure of several projects in the context of local development has led to different perceptions by local communities of their role in the participative governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Initiatives in participatory management and local development only function during the lifetime of externally-funded projects when initiators are present in the intervention area. The results call into question formal claims made by both conservation projects and the Congolese government regarding the actual participation of local communities in the governance of Biosphere Reserves. Furthermore, although Biosphere Reserves in DRC are recognized as part of the national network of protected areas since 2002, their management is still not aligned to either the Seville Strategy or the statutory framework of the world network of Biosphere Reserves. To achieve this, local development initiatives need to focus on poverty alleviation (through the diversification of income sources, entrepreneurship, farmer training and the creation of employment opportunities) and a better understanding of local practices and cultures in the design of such projects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Oscar Antonio Quintana Samayoa ◽  
Juan Antonio Siller Camacho

In order to study its conditions, since 1987 the authors have monitored the Prehispanic buildings located in the Maya Biosphere Reserve (mbr) in Petén, Guatemala; they have also analyzed neighboring protected areas such as the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, in Campeche, Mexico, and others. This region of the Central lowlands is now known to possess a double heritage: cultural and natural. For the Maya Biosphere Reserve, in Guatemala, the data indicates that this mixed "ideal" management of heritage has not been successful, since the natural and environmental aspects prevail over the cultural ones. For this reason, the present work tries to give an updated view of the condition of the built heritage in the mbr and seeks to revalue the spirit of mixed management.


Author(s):  
G.S. KUST ◽  
◽  
O.V. ANDREEVA ◽  
V.A. LOBKOVSKIY ◽  
V.D. SLAVKO

A brief historical overview of approaches to study the problem of land use and land degradation in the MAB UNESCO program is provided. Over the past 50 years these issues remain important although the general strategic approach to their research and solving has changed from a multilateral study of land management and land degradation in different geographic and socio-economic conditions with an emphasis on natural diversity, to practices and approaches of sustainable land management in biosphere reserves, as reflected in MAB Strategy (2015-2025) and Lima Action Plan (2016-2025). Many of the MAB initiatives in the field of sustainable land management and combating land degradation have been further reflected and revised in different international programs and conventions. The development of these approaches and the integration of the MAB program with other modern activities can significantly increase the effectiveness of the results of Strategic Direction “A” of the Lima Action Plan on the use of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves as models for sustainable development. Five objectives are proposed for closer cooperation of the MAB program and its network of biosphere reserves with other international and national measures for promoting sustainable land management practices and combating land degradation: 1) using biosphere reserves as priority sites and observatories for comparative assessments of indicators of land degradation neutrality (LDN) for protected areas and adjacent territories in similar bioclimatic conditions; 2) use of data obtained through the series of observations in the territory of protected areas as the most important additional or alternative indicators and measures for the LDN interpretation; 3) biosphere reserves as models for selecting effective solutions reflecting the triad of adaptive actions to avoid degradation, reduce the rate of degradation and restore previously degraded lands; 4) achieving LDN on the territory of biosphere reserves through the implementation of the Aichi biodiversity targets; 5) the use of LDN as a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of biosphere reserves. Preliminary results of the LDN assessment for Central Chernozem State Natural Biosphere Reserve and Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve and their adjacent territories provided to demonstrate the possibility of performing some of the objectives listed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Fathurrahman Muhtar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab isu pokok didalam pengelolaan konflik kelembagaan pendidikan Islam pada Pondok Pesantren Nahd}atul Wat}an mengenai: sumber otoritas dan otoritas dalam mengatur institusi bidang pendidikan Islam di Pesantren Nahd} atul Wat}an Lombok Timur NTB, dan penyebab konflik dalam lembaga tersebut. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan pokok tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan teori non-Marxist-structuralis sebagai alat analisa untuk menjawab permasalahan di atas. Diantara teori lainnya, dikemukakan oleh Ralf Dahrendorf, yang menyatakan bahwa masyarakat dipersatukan oleh suatu ketiadaan kebebasan. Posisi tertentu di dalam masyarakat untuk mendelegasikan kekuasaan dan otoritas ke posisi lainnya, perbedaan di dalam distribusi otoritas tersebut dapat menjadi faktor perbedaan dari sistematis konflik sosial. Berbagai posisi di dalam masyarakat mempunyai mutu dari perbedaan otoritas. Otoritas tersebut tidak terlepas pada individu itu sendiri namun didalam posisi riset ini menggunakan suatu pendekatan kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam (indepth-interview), pengamatan dan dokumentasi, kemudian menafsirkan, atau menterjemahkan kedalam bahasa peneliti. Data ini untuk menghasilkan dan menguraikan berbagai kondisi dan situasi yang tidak satupun terlepas dari obyek penelitian, dan menghubungkan sejumlah variabel, dan uraian lebih lanjut yang akan dihasilkan obyek riset, untuk memperoleh kesimpulan. Studi ini mengemukakan bahwa besar kecilnya kesuksesan suatu organisiation mengacu pada petunjuk dimasa lalu atau 12 tahun yang lalu telah dibangun 820 sekolah di Kelompok Pancor atau 900 sekolah di Kelompok Anjani di seluruh provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Abstrak: This research is to answer fundamental issues in conflict management institutions of Islamic education in Pondok Pesantren Nahd}atul Wat}an namely: first,. source of authority and authority in managing the praxis of Islamic educational institutions in boarding Nahdlatul Wathan East Lombok NTB causes of conflict and management of educational institutions that are in conflict Nahd}atul Wat}an. To answer the key question is, non-Marxist-structuralist theory as a tool of analysis used in answering the above problems. Theory, among others, presented by Ralf Dahrendorf, who stated that the society united by a lack of freedom imposed. Certain position in society to delegate power and authority to another position, the difference in the distribution of authority becomes the determining factor of social conflict sistemati. Various positions in the community have the quality of different authorities. Authority does not lie inside the individual but in the position of this research uses a qualitative approach, data obtained from in-depth interviews (indepthinterview), observation and documentation, then interpreted, or translated to language researchers. These data to generate and describe the various conditions and situations none of the research object, and connecting these variables, and further description will be generated about the object of research, then the conclusions will be obtained. Our study argues that the organisiation has somewhat succeeded in moving toward the latter direction so much so that in the past 12 years or so it has built 820 schools according to Pancor group or 900 schools according to Anjani group across the provinse of Nusa Tenggara Barat.


2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1681) ◽  
pp. 20140267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Ferraro ◽  
Merlin M. Hanauer

To develop effective protected area policies, scholars and practitioners must better understand the mechanisms through which protected areas affect social and environmental outcomes. With strong evidence about mechanisms, the key elements of success can be strengthened, and the key elements of failure can be eliminated or repaired. Unfortunately, empirical evidence about these mechanisms is limited, and little guidance for quantifying them exists. This essay assesses what mechanisms have been hypothesized, what empirical evidence exists for their relative contributions and what advances have been made in the past decade for estimating mechanism causal effects from non-experimental data. The essay concludes with a proposed agenda for building an evidence base about protected area mechanisms.


Author(s):  
Maria Inês Paes Ferreira ◽  
Pamela Shaw ◽  
Graham Kenneth Sakaki ◽  
Taylor Alexander ◽  
Jade Golzio Barqueta Donnini ◽  
...  

Water management within vulnerable ecosystems managed by multiple jurisdictions can be very complex. This study compares regulatory environments and deconstructs the approaches used for watershed governance and environmental management inside two UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves to identify possible transferability between the two management entities. Three methodological approaches were applied: participatory observation, in-depth interviews of key informants, and document research. We concluded that while there are differences between the regulatory frameworks and localized practices, at a foundational level the goals and desired outcomes relating to environmental protection are not dependent on location, but mainly on the integration and the establishment of common objectives among the diverse social actors involved in the management and from the interaction between different organisms of social control. Additionally, there are elements in the application of regulations and practices in both locales that could be transferred to other jurisdictions interested in addressing watershed protection in vulnerable ecosystems governed by multiple jurisdictions.


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