The Rumanian Orthodox church and the west

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
Eric Tappe
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Time And Being ◽  
Roman Province

The title of this paper raises a problem at the very outset. What is meant by ‘the Rumanian Orthodox church’ when one is talking of a period before the notion of ‘Rumania’ had been conceived? In this paper it will be taken to mean the Orthodox church as it existed in the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania from the fourteenth century and has continued in those territories to the present day.A few words first about the prehistory of the Rumanian Orthodox church as thus defined. The Roman province of Dacia had been created by Trajan in AD 106, and the administration had been withdrawn south of the Danube by Aurelian in 271, after which the territories in question were controlled first by the Goths and then by a succession of other invaders for about ten centuries. During this millenium they remain for us in a darkness lit by very few rays. It is therefore not surprising that there is little evidence for church organisation north of the Danube during this period, especially when we remember that the Dacian lands ceased to belong to the empire half a century before Christianity became a tolerated religion. The first church building so far discovered in the lands north of the lower Danube is at Sucidava, a bridgehead held by the Romans after their withdrawal, destroyed by the Huns in 447, and refounded by Justinian in his first years as emperor. This basilica is apparently from Justinian’s time, and being in a bridgehead, may be presumed to have depended on a church organisation south of the Danube.

St. Gregory Palamas

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
R. C. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
The Third ◽  
John Of Damascus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Six centuries ago, in 1368, a man who had been dead only nine years was canonised by the orthodox church and raised to the dignity of Athanasius, the Cappadocian Fathers, and of Cyril as a defender of orthodoxy. The sexcentenary of his death, 1959, saw the publication of three volumes—the first being one of the ‘Mâitres Spirituels’ series, the second an introduction to the study of St. Gregory, and the third and most important a critical edition of St. Gregory's major work: Treatise in defence of the Holy Solitaries. All three were the work of Jean Meyendorf who can rightly claim to have been the first scholar to have offered a full-dress sympathetic study to the west of a neglected and much misunderstood theologian. Unfortunately Meyendorf's work is spoilt by his inability to understand the reformed tradition. Nevertheless he has countered or at least challenged a settled assumption of western theology that the great christological debates saw the end of any lively thinking and dogmatic development in the Eastern Church. Harnack in his History of Dogma Vol. IV was only repeating what was already a long received opinion when he said that from the codification of dogma by John of Damascus those dogmas ‘had become a sacred inheritance from the classic antiquity of the Church but they had as it were fallen to the ground. The worship of images, mysticism and scholasticism ruled the Church’ (p. 352).But even Harnack gives at least a passing nod to St. Gregory when he admits that ‘no doubt another rather important dispute agitated the Church in the fourteenth century–the Hesychastic controversy–but’, he adds, ‘dogma, and to some extent the Church, remained ultimately unaffected’ (p.353).

At the Edge of Reformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This book springs from its author’s continuing interest in the history of Spain and Portugal—on this occasion in the first half of the fourteenth century between the recovery of each kingdom from widespread anarchy and civil war and the onset of the Black Death. Focussing on ecclesiastical aspects of the period in that region (Galicia in particular) and secular attitudes to the privatization of the Church, it raises inter alios the question why developments there did not lead to a permanent sundering of the relationship with Rome (or Avignon) two centuries ahead of that outcome elsewhere in the West. In addressing such issues, as well as of neglected material in Spanish and Portuguese archives, use is made of the also unpublished so-called ‘secret’ registers of the popes of the period. The issues it raises concern not only Spanish and Portuguese society in general but also the developing relationship further afield of the components of the eternal quadrilateral (pope, king, episcopate, and secular nobility) in late medieval Europe, as well as of the activity in that period of those caterpillars of the commonwealth, the secular-minded sapientes. In this context, attention is given to the hitherto neglected attempt of Afonso IV of Portugal to appropriate the privileges of the primatial church of his kingdom and to advance the glorification of his Castilian son-in-law, Alfonso XI, as God’s vicegerent in his.

The excavation of a Buddhist temple complex of the Qocho Uyghur kingdom in the middle of the west zone of the Tuyoq caves in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
And Storage

AbstractIn 2016, remains of a ground-level Buddhist temple complex were found in the middle of the west zone of the Tuyoq caves in Shanshan (Piqan) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This Buddhist temple complex consisted of the Buddha hall, dorms for monks, and storage facilities. In the Buddha hall, many murals of bodhisattvas, devas, and donors were found, and artifacts such as household utensils made of clay, wooden architectural components, textiles, and manuscript fragments were unearthed. The date of this Buddhist temple complex was the Qocho Uyghurs kingdom from the latter half of the tenth century to the latter half of the fourteenth century; the excavation is very important for understanding the distribution of the construction centers and the iconographical composition of the Buddhist cave temples and monasteries in the Qocho Uyghurs kingdom period.

Sharing the Burden

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018
Author(s):  
Laurie F. Maffly-Kipp
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The West ◽  
Spiritual But Not Religious ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Church

Last week, sandwiched in between updates on Beyoncé's trip to the West Coast and sighting of the latest super moon, the Huffington Post featured an article by power preacher Lillian Daniels entitled “Spiritual But Not Religious? Please Stop Boring Me.” Daniels lamented her situation on long plane flights, where she had to endure the stories of fellow travelers who, upon finding out she is a minister, confessed their rejection of religious institutions in favor of finding spirituality in sunsets and walks on the beach. Inevitably, they would present their experience to her as a revelation: “Like people who go to church don't see God in the sunset! Like we are these monastic little hermits who never leave the church building. How lucky we are to have these geniuses inform us that God is in nature.” Daniels' article represents a backlash coming from the institutional end of the spectrum, but her plea for loyalty to religion-in-community was met by many who found her (apparently, according to the comments section) insulting, condescending, and close-minded.

scholarly journals Finding one's way: contemporary churches of Ryazan in the works of priest Konstantin Kamyshanov

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 330-352
Author(s):  
Marina V. Knyazeva ◽  
Anastasia V. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Church Buildings

Introduction. The research goal is to identify and analyze the architectural features of the orthodox church buildings, designed and built in Ryazan since the early 2000ies. A number of objectives are to be accomplished to achieve this pre-set goal: one must identify and study the church buildings constructed in Ryazan, analyze the space-planning solutions and break them down into typological groups; besides, one should study the biography of their architect, as his professional track record influences the city’s historical and architectural appearance. This research is focused on contemporary church architecture exemplified by orthodox church buildings. Materials and methods. Field studies serve as the backbone of this research which encompasses fact finding and photographic recording of the source material, information analysis and generalization, tabulation, making conclusions and formulating the opinion. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the problems of contemporary church architecture and made a brief analysis of the history of orthodox church building in Ryazan. The overview encompasses 12 orthodox church buildings constructed in 2000–2014, as well as the key facts and dates associated with their construction. The co-authors have also identified compositional and other unique features of the new church buildings. They have outlined the milestones in the creative biography of the architect who designed these items of contemporary church architecture. Conclusions. The research findings comprise a scholarly insight into contemporary church architecture. The analysis of new church buildings has helped to identify the features, peculiarities and architectural techniques, applied by the architect. The features, identified by the co-authors, define the appearance/typology of contemporary church buildings and their constructions.

Towards a Renewed Vision of Imperial Authority

2019 ◽  
pp. 237-269
Author(s):  
Florin Leonte
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
The West ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

The chapter discusses how Manuel Palaiologos’ texts reveal not only the emperor’s standpoints in his attempts to answer political challenges, but also a long-term imperial project that sought to establish a system of effective political communication by exhibiting his fatherly concern for his son and co-emperor. This project involved two stages with changing approaches. In the first stage, the emperor strengthened his connections with the literati and frequently chaired theatra. The letters and the dialogic mode of his text on marriage point to the fact that during the last decade of the fourteenth century, the emperor did not have at his disposal too many possibilities of circulating his political messages except for the rather informal meetings in the framework of theatra. In a second stage, which chronologically coincided with the years following the emperor’s return from the West, Manuel attempted to consolidate his ruling position by highlighting in the Foundations and the Orations that he appointed his son, John, as successor. In the absence of a more substantial body of court rhetoricians, the emperor undertook the role of a social-political commentator and accordingly put forward a personal discourse on imperial authority.

Studies in the Roman province Galatia: VI. Some Inscriptions of Colonia Caesarea Antiochea

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 172-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mitchell Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
The Town ◽  
Good Number

Sterrett mentioned long ago that there are twelve mahale (divisions) in the modern town of Yalowatch. Two of these are separate from the rest on the SW. I have often tried to get a list of the mahale; but no two persons agreed about them and, as the town has grown, the distinction seems to have been forgotten as inconsistent with modern ‘progress.’ Once I gathered a group of men, and instituted a regular ‘third degree’ questioning. There was general acquiescence in the number 12; it is a good number; but some maintained that some quarter of the town was a mahale, while others declared that it was not really a mahale. Probably the classification represents the persistence and gradual disappearance of a former condition. Yalowatch was in the fourteenth century one of the six great cities of Hamid (H.G.A.M. p. 390).

scholarly journals The comparison between the walls properties from brick and reinforced concrete of Russian orthodox temple buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01065
Author(s):  
Ivan Saltykov ◽  
Maria Bovsunovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Specific Construction

The orthodox temple buildings have the wide range of architectural and construction designs, and the same time, their erection and projecting process are under the influence of strict orthodox canons. The exterior wall is one of the main structures of orthodox church building. For today, the traditional brick and contemporary modern material, reinforced concrete, are the mostly wide spread materials in orthodox churches buildings; the mix of these two materials is also possible. The issue is concerned with the analyses architectural and construction requirements to external temple walls and to their features comparison in both cases: for traditional canonical and contemporary designs. The strength, thermal and technical, acoustical, architectural and aesthetical, economical properties of walls are compared for these two construction variants. The scope of this issue contains the instance of approximate strength calculation for the temple of small volume and crude data for the cost of one square meter of external wall in four specific construction designs. Comparative analysis allows choosing a more environmentally friendly material and improving the energy efficiency of the facility.

Religious Diplomacy and Socialism

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Lucian N. Leustean
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article analyzes the relationship between the Orthodox Church and the communist regime during one of the most intense periods of religious persecution in the Romanian People's Republic from 1956 to 1959. The church hierarchy demonstrated its support for the socialist construction of the country, while, at the same time, the regime began a campaign against religion by arresting clergy and reducing the number of religious people in monasteries; rumours even circulated that in 1958 Patriarch Justinian was under house arrest. Seeking closer contact with Western Europe, the regime allowed the hierarchy to meet foreign clergymen, especially from the Church of England. These diplomatic religious encounters played a double role. The regime realised that it could benefit from international ecclesiastical relations, while the image of Justinian in the West changed from that of “red patriarch” to that of a leader who was genuinely interested in his church's survival.

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